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Dadashi-Silab S, Preston-Herrera C, Stache EE. Vitamin B 12 Derivative Enables Cobalt-Catalyzed Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19387-19395. [PMID: 37606469 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Advances in controlled radical polymerizations by cobalt complexes have primarily taken advantage of the reactivity of cobalt as a persistent radical to reversibly deactivate propagating chains by forming a carbon-cobalt bond. However, cobalt-mediated radical polymerizations require stoichiometric ratios of a cobalt complex, deterring its utility in synthesizing well-defined polymers. Here, we developed a strategy to use cobalt as a catalyst to control radical polymerizations via halogen atom transfer with alkyl halide initiators. Using a modified, hydrophobic analogue of vitamin B12 (heptamethyl ester cobyrinate) as a cobalt precatalyst, we controlled the polymerization of acrylate monomers. The polymerization efficiency of the cobalt catalyst was significantly improved by additional bromide anions, which enhanced the deactivation of propagating radicals yielding polymers with dispersity values <1.2 using catalyst concentrations as low as 5 mol %. We anticipate that the development of cobalt catalysis in atom transfer radical polymerization will enable new opportunities in designing catalytic systems for the controlled synthesis of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Cristina Preston-Herrera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Erin E Stache
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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Ding M, Jiang X, Zhang L, Cheng Z, Zhu X. Recent Progress on Transition Metal Catalyst Separation and Recycling in ATRP. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 36:1702-21. [PMID: 26079178 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is a versatile and robust tool to synthesize a wide spectrum of monomers with various designable structures. However, it usually needs large amounts of transition metal as the catalyst to mediate the equilibrium between the dormant and propagating species. Unfortunately, the catalyst residue may contaminate or color the resultant polymers, which limits its application, especially in biomedical and electronic materials. How to efficiently and economically remove or reduce the catalyst residue from its products is a challenging and encouraging task. Herein, recent advances in catalyst separation and recycling are highlighted with a focus on (1) highly active ppm level transition metal or metal free catalyzed ATRP; (2) post-purification method; (3) various soluble, insoluble, immobilized/soluble, and reversible supported catalyst systems; and (4) liquid-liquid biphasic catalyzed systems, especially thermo-regulated catalysis systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqiang Ding
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaowu Jiang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lifen Zhang
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zhenping Cheng
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiulin Zhu
- Suzhou Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Design and Precision Synthesis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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Kermagoret A, Jérôme C, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. In situ bidentate to tetradentate ligand exchange reaction in cobalt-mediated radical polymerization. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Bagchi V, Raptopoulos G, Das P, Christodoulou S, Wang Q, Ai L, Choudhury A, Pitsikalis M, Paraskevopoulou P, Stavropoulos P. Synthesis and characterization of a family of Co(II) triphenylamido-amine complexes and catalytic activity in controlled radical polymerization of olefins. Polyhedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Camerano JA, Rodrigues AS, Rominger F, Wadepohl H, Gade LH. Synthesis and structural chemistry of bis(pyridylimino)isoindolato–ruthenium complexes and their activity as mediators in the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene. J Organomet Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2011.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Xu HJ, Lu XY, Cheng Y, Sun JF, Chen XT, Xue ZL. Preparation, Characterization, and Catalytic Properties of Ruthenium(II) Nitrosyl Complexes with α-Diimine Ligands. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9006714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Yong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Feng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Tai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing National Laboratory of Microstructures, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Ling Xue
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996
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Zhao X, Yu Y, Xu S, Wang B. Controlled/“living” radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by CpCo(I) complexes conveniently generated from cobaltocene in situ. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Koumura K, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Mn2(CO)10-Induced RAFT Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate, Methyl Acrylate, and Styrene. Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1295/polymj.pj2009070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Luo X, Zhao X, Xu S, Wang B. The exo-substituted η4-cyclopentadiene CpCo(I) complexes: A new kind of ATRP catalysts and the actual catalyst for the cobaltocene-catalyzed ATRP. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Munirasu S, Aggarwal R, Baskaran D. Highly efficient recyclable hydrated-clay supported catalytic system for atom transfer radical polymerization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:4518-20. [DOI: 10.1039/b908118f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Koumura K, Satoh K, Kamigaito M. Manganese-Based Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate, Methyl Acrylate, and Styrene: Highly Active, Versatile, and Photoresponsive Systems. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801151s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Koumura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Kotaro Satoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masami Kamigaito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8603, Japan
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Qi XJ, Li Z, Fu Y, Guo QX, Liu L. anti-Spin-Delocalization Effect in Co−C Bond Dissociation Enthalpies. Organometallics 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/om701135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Juan Qi
- Joint Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Joint Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Joint Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Guo
- Joint Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Joint Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China, and Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Huang ZX, Zhang YM, Li H, Luan YH, Liu YG. Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate catalyzed by ion exchange resin immobilized Co(II) hybrid catalyst. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Zhang Z, Zhang W, Zhu X, Cheng Z, Zhu J. “Living”/controlled free radical polymerization of MMA in the presence of cobalt(II) 2-ethylhexanoate: A switch from RAFT to ATRP mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Poli R. Einelektronenreaktionen von Übergangsmetallkomplexen in der radikalischen Polymerisation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200503785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Poli R. Relationship between One-Electron Transition-Metal Reactivity and Radical Polymerization Processes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006; 45:5058-70. [PMID: 16821230 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200503785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Controlled radical polymerization has come along in leaps and bounds following the development of efficient transition-metal catalysts for atom-transfer radical polymerization. Another type of controlled radical polymerization process, namely organometallic radical polymerization, uses the reversible formation of metal-carbon bonds. Metals are also implicated in catalytic chain transfer, a process that involves the abstraction of hydrogen atoms. This Minireview discusses the importance of one-electron transition-metal reactivity in metal-mediated controlled radical polymerization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinaldo Poli
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS UPR 8241, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse cedex, France.
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Romack TJ, Kaur G, Weaver SF, Harrelson SK, Kenward AG. Catalytic chain-transfer synthesis of 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluoroalkyl methacrylate macromonomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Morrison DA, Davis TP, Heuts JPA, Messerle B, Gridnev AA. Free radical polymerization with catalytic chain transfer: Using NMR to probe the strength of the cobalt–carbon bond in small molecule model reactions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Krafft MP. Highly fluorinated compounds induce phase separation in, and nanostructuration of liquid media. Possible impact on, and use in chemical reactivity control. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wang G, Zhu X, Zhu J, Cheng Z. Iron-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene with tris(3,6-dioxaheptyl) amine as a ligand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Duquesne E, Labruyère C, Habimana J, Degée P, Dubois P. Copper-based supported catalysts for the atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate: How can activity and control be tuned up? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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