1
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Wang W, Cao Z, Wang Z. Investigation on the flame retardancy, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy resin/cyanate ester composites based on
mSiO
2
@
ZrPB
and
DOPO‐HQ. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenduo Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhilin Cao
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
| | - Zhengzhou Wang
- Department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University Shanghai China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials (Tongji University) Ministry of Education Shanghai China
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2
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Anshin VS. Cyanate Ester Monomers and Oligomers. Overview of the Modern Research State and Perspectives. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090422200027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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3
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Salunke A, Sasidharan S, Cherukattu Gopinathapanicker J, Kandasubramanian B, Anand A. Cyanate Ester—Epoxy Blends for Structural and Functional Composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akshaykumar Salunke
- Composites Research Center, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune, 411015, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune, 411025, India
| | - Sarath Sasidharan
- Composites Research Center, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune, 411015, India
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, 673601, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Cherukattu Gopinathapanicker
- Composites Research Center, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune, 411015, India
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune, 411025, India
| | - Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Defence Institute of Advanced Technology, Ministry of Defence, Pune, 411025, India
| | - Anoop Anand
- Composites Research Center, Research and Development Establishment (Engineers), DRDO, Ministry of Defence, Pune, 411015, India
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4
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Ameliorated Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Heat-Resistant Radome Cyanate Composites. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25143117. [PMID: 32650504 PMCID: PMC7397165 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the mechanical and dielectric properties of radome cyanate, a synergistic reinforcement method is employed to develop a resin-based ternary-composite with high heat-resistance and preferable radar-band transmission, which is expected to be applied to fabricate radomes capable of resisting high temperature and strong electric field. According to copolymerization characteristics and self-curing mechanism, epoxy resin (EP) and bismaleimide (BMI) are employed as reinforcements mixed into a cyanate ester (CE) matrix to prepare CE/BMI/EP composites of a heat-resistant radome material by high-temperature viscous-flow blending methods under the catalysis of aluminum acetylpyruvate. The crystallization temperature, transition heat, and reaction rate of cured polymers were tested to analyze heat-resistance characteristics and evaluate material synthesis processes. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the micro-morphology of tensile fracture, which was combined with the tensile strength test and dynamic thermomechanical analysis to investigate the composite modifications on tenacity and rigidity. Weibull statistics were performed to analyze the experimental results of the dielectric breakdown field, and the dielectric-polarization and wave-transmission performances were investigated according to alternative current dielectric spectra. Compared with the pure CE and the CE composites individually reinforced by EP or BMI, the CE/BMI/EP composite acquires the most significant amelioration in both the mechanical and electrical insulation performances as indicated by the breaking elongation and dielectric breakdown strength being simultaneously improved by 40%, which are consistently manifested by the obviously increased transverse lines uniformly distributed on the fracture cross-section. Furthermore, the glass-transition temperature of CE/BMI/EP composite reaches the highest values of nearly 300 °C, with the relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss being mostly reduced to less than 3.2 and 0.01, respectively. The experimental results demonstrate that the CE/BMI/EP composite is a highly-qualified wave-transmission material with preferences in mechanical, thermostability, and electrical insulation performances, suggesting its prospective applications in low-frequency transmittance radomes.
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5
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Gouthaman S, Madhu V, Kanemoto SO, Madurai SL, Hamerton I. Examining the thermal degradation behaviour of a series of cyanate ester homopolymers. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddan Gouthaman
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
| | - Venkatesh Madhu
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
| | - Stanley Olivier Kanemoto
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
- Macromolecular Research Team, Department of Inorganic ChemistryUniversity of Yaounde‐I Yaounde Cameroon
| | - Suguna Lakshmi Madurai
- Polymer Science and Technology DivisionCentral Leather Research Institute (CSIR – CLRI) Chennai India
| | - Ian Hamerton
- Bristol Composites Institute (ACCIS), Department of Aerospace Engineering, School of Civil, Aerospace, and Mechanical EngineeringQueen's Building, University of Bristol, University Walk Bristol UK
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6
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Chen CH, Lin CM, Juang TY, Abu-Omar MM, Lin CH. The reaction of activated esters with epoxides for self-curable, highly flexible, A2B2- and A3B3-type epoxy compounds. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00377k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To achieve high-Tg and low-dissipation epoxy thermosets, bis(2-methoxy-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenyl)isophthalate (2) and tris(2-methoxy-4-(oxiran-2-ylmethyl)phenyl)benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate (3) were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Han Chen
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Yuan Juang
- Department of Cosmeceutics
- China Medical University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Mahdi M. Abu-Omar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- University of California
- Santa Barbara
- USA
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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7
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Wazarkar K, Sabnis A. Synergistic effect of P S and crosslink density on performance properties of epoxy coatings cured with cardanol based multifunctional carboxyl curing agents. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2018.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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8
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Harvey BG, Guenthner AJ, Lai WW, Meylemans HA, Davis MC, Cambrea LR, Reams JT, Lamison KR. Effects of o-Methoxy Groups on the Properties and Thermal Stability of Renewable High-Temperature Cyanate Ester Resins. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin G. Harvey
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Andrew J. Guenthner
- Rocket
Propulsion Division, Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - William W. Lai
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Heather A. Meylemans
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Matthew C. Davis
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Lee R. Cambrea
- NAWCWD,
Research Department, Chemistry Division, US Navy, China Lake, California 93555, United States
| | - Josiah T. Reams
- Rocket
Propulsion Division, ERC, Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
| | - Kevin R. Lamison
- Rocket
Propulsion Division, ERC, Inc., Air Force Research Laboratory, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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9
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Harvey BG, Chafin AC, Garrison MD, Cambrea LR, Groshens TJ. Synthesis, characterization, and cure chemistry of high performance phosphate cyanate ester resins. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra16197e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Three thermosetting cyanate ester resins with phosphate cores and potential fire-resistant applications have been synthesized and characterized. A trifunctional resin studied in this work (PhosCy3) has a Tg > 360 °C and a char yield of 67% in air.
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10
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Lin CH, Wang MW, Chou YW, Chang HC, Juang TY, Su WC. Synthesis of a phosphinated tetracyanate ester and its miscible blend with 4,4′-oxydianiline/phenol-based benzoxazine. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra13885f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A phosphinated tetracyanate ester (4) was prepared and applied to copolymerize with a 4,4′-oxydianiline/phenol-based benzoxazine (P-oda) to enhance the properties of P-oda thermoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Meng Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Yu Wei Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Hou Chien Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Chung Hsing University
- Taichung
- Taiwan
| | - Tzong Yuan Juang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiayi University
- Chiayi
- Taiwan
| | - Wen Chiung Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chung Shan Institute and Technology
- Tauyuan
- Taiwan
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11
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You G, Cheng Z, Peng H, He H. The synthesis and characterization of a novel phosphorus-nitrogen containing flame retardant and its application in epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Geyun You
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Zhiquan Cheng
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Hao Peng
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
| | - Hongwu He
- Institute of Organic Synthesis, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University; Wuhan 430079 China
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12
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Yan H, Li T, Zhang M, Feng S. Mechanical and dielectric properties of blends of dicyanate ester and bisphenol A-based benzoxazine. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314526423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A-based benzoxazine (BOZ) was blended with cyanate ester (CE) to improve the properties of cyanate resin. The effects of the content of BOZ on the mechanical property and dielectric property of the blends have been investigated. The results show that a suitable addition of BOZ can enhance the impact strength and flexural strength as well as reduce the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of CE. The mechanical properties are significantly improved when the content of BOZ is 10 wt%, and the dynamic mechanical analysis reveals that the cross-link density of the blend is lower than pure CE. Scanning electron microscopy analysis shows distinct characteristics of ductile fracture of the blends. In addition, the dielectric constant and the dielectric loss of modified system decreases, compared with the curing CE. The optimal addition amount of BOZ resin is 15 wt% for the dielectric properties. The blend of a suitable addition of BOZ still remains a good thermal resistance. All these changes in properties are closely correlated to the copolymerization between BOZ and CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Yan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyao Feng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Aydogan C, Kiskan B, Hacioglu SO, Toppare L, Yagci Y. Electrochemical manipulation of adhesion strength of polybenzoxazines on metal surfaces: from strong adhesion to dismantling. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra03763d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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14
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Večeřa M, Prokůpek L, Machotová J, Šňupárek J, Husáková L, Urbanová I, Akštein Z. Epoxy-Cyanate Ester Compositions as Matrixes for Tagging of Explosives. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.21399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Večeřa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Luboš Prokůpek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jana Machotová
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Šňupárek
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Macromolecular Materials, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Husáková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Iva Urbanová
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology; University of Pardubice; Studentská 573 532 10 Pardubice Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Akštein
- Research Institute of Industrial Chemistry; Explosia a.s; Semtín 107 530 50 Pardubice Czech Republic
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15
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Guenthner AJ, Reams JT, Lamison KR, Ramirez SM, Swanson DD, Yandek GR, Sahagun CM, Davis MC, Mabry JM. Synergistic physical properties of cocured networks formed from di- and tricyanate esters. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:8772-8783. [PMID: 23932017 DOI: 10.1021/am402640p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The co-cyclotrimerization of two tricyanate ester monomers, Primaset PT-30 and 1,2,3-tris(4-cyanato)propane (FlexCy) in equal parts by weight with Primaset LECy, a liquid dicyanate ester, was investigated for the purpose of exploring synergistic performance benefits. The monomer mixtures formed stable, homogeneous blends that remained in the supercooled liquid state for long periods at room temperature, thereby providing many of the processing advantages of LECy in combination with significantly higher glass transition temperatures (315-360 °C at full cure) due to the presence of the tricyanate-derived segments in the conetwork. Interestingly, the glass transition temperatures of the conetworks after cure at 210 °C, at full cure, and after immersion in 85 °C water for 96 h were all higher than predicted by the Flory-Fox equation, most significantly for the samples immersed in hot water. Conetworks comprising equal parts by weight of PT-30 and LECy retained a "wet" glass transition temperature near 270 °C. The onset of thermochemical degradation for conetworks was dominated by that of the thermally less stable component, while char yields after the initial degradation step were close to values predicted by a linear rule of mixtures. Values for moisture uptake and density in the conetworks also showed behavior that was not clearly different from a linear rule of mixtures. An analysis of the flexural properties of catalyzed versions of these conetworks revealed that, when cured under the same conditions, conetworks containing 50 wt % PT-30 and 50 wt % LECy exhibited higher modulus than networks containing only LECy while conetworks containing 50 wt % FlexCy and 50 wt % LECy exhibited a lower modulus but significantly higher flexural strength and strain to failure. Thus, in the case of "FlexCy", LECy was copolymerized with a tricyanate that provided both improved toughness and a higher glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Guenthner
- Air Force Research Laboratory , Propulsion Directorate, Edwards AFB, California 93524, United States
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16
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Krishnadevi K, Grace AN, Alagar M, Selvaraj V. Development of hexa (aminophenyl)cyclotriphosphazene-modified cyanate ester composites for high-temperature applications. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313500058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The organic–inorganic hybrid of hexa(aminophenyl)cyclotriphosphazene (CPA) was synthesized by reacting hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with 4-acetamidophenol followed by hydrolysis. The resulting product CPA was then allowed to react with 2,2-bis(4-cyanatophenyl)propane (cyanate ester) in different ratios (5, 10, and 15%) to form six-membered oxygen-linked triazine ring with formation of highly cross-linked network structure. Thermal curing behavior was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis and thermal properties were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry analyses. Dielectric constant and dielectric loss were measured using impedance analyzer. Data resulted from different studies indicate that these hybrid composites can be used for high-performance thermal applications in the place of conventional cyanate esters for better performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Krishnadevi
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai), Kakuppam, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A. Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M. Alagar
- Polymer Nanocomposites Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Alagappa College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V. Selvaraj
- Department of Chemistry, University College of Engineering Villupuram (A Constituent College of Anna University, Chennai), Kakuppam, Villupuram, Tamil Nadu, India
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17
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Chiu YC, Huang CC, Tsai HC, Prasannan A, Toyoko I. Effect of aromatic and aliphatic amines as curing agents in sulfone epoxy monomer curing process. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-0942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Yuan W, Chan-Park MB. Covalent cum noncovalent functionalizations of carbon nanotubes for effective reinforcement of a solution cast composite film. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:2065-2073. [PMID: 22432973 DOI: 10.1021/am300038d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although carbon nanotubes have impressive tensile properties, exploiting these properties in composites, especially those made by the common solution casting technique, seems to be elusive thus far. The reasons could be partly due to the poor nanotube dispersion and the weak nanotube/matrix interface. To solve this dual pronged problem, we combine noncovalent and covalent functionalizations of nanotubes in a single system by the design and application of a novel dispersant, hydroxyl polyimide-graft-bisphenol A diglyceryl acrylate (PI(OH)-BDA), and use them with epoxidized single-walled carbon nanotubes (O-SWNTs). Our novel PI(OH)-BDA dispersant functionalizes the nanotubes noncovalently to achieve good dispersion of the nanotubes because of the strong π-π interaction due to main chain and steric hindrance of the BDA side chain. PI(OH)-BDA also functionalizes O-SWNTs covalently because it reacts with epoxide groups on the nanotubes, as well as the cyanate ester (CE) matrix used. The resulting solution-cast CE composites show 57%, 71%, and 124% increases in Young's modulus, tensile strength, and toughness over neat CE. These values are higher than those of composites reinforced with pristine SWNTs, epoxidized SWNTs, and pristine SWNTs dispersed with PI(OH)-BDA. The modulus and strength increase per unit nanotube weight fraction, i.e., dE/dW(NT) and dσ/dW(NT), are 175 GPa and 7220 MPa, respectively, which are significantly higher than those of other nanotube/thermosetting composites (22-70 GPa and 140-3540 MPa, respectively). Our study indicates that covalent cum noncovalent functionalization of nanotubes is an effective tool for improving both the nanotube dispersion and nanotube/matrix interfacial interaction, resulting in significantly improved mechanical reinforcement of the solution-cast composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore
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19
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Reams JT, Guenthner AJ, Lamison KR, Vij V, Lubin LM, Mabry JM. Effect of chemical structure and network formation on physical properties of di(cyanate ester) thermosets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2012; 4:527-535. [PMID: 22311550 DOI: 10.1021/am201413t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Key physical properties of three dicyanate ester monomers, bisphenol A dicyanate (BADCy), bisphenol E dicyanate (LECy), and the dicyanate of a silicon-containing analogue of bisphenol A (SiMCy) were investigated as a function of cyanurate conversion at conversions ranging from approximately 70% to greater than 90% in order to assess the range of applicability of both traditional and more unusual structure-property-process relationships known for cyanate ester resins. A more complete understanding of these relationships is essential for the continued development of cyanate ester resins and their composites for a wide variety of aerospace applications. The degree of cure in each system was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The degree of conversion achieved at a given temperature was dependent on the structure of the repeat unit, with SiMCy displaying the highest relative ease of cure. The density at room temperature was found to decrease monotonically with increasing conversion for all monomer types studied. In contrast, the water uptake decreased with increasing cure for all three materials over most or all of the conversion range studied, but leveled off or began to increase with increasing conversion at conversions of approximately 90%. The T(g) decreased after exposure to hot water in resins with greater than 85% conversion, but unexpectedly increased in samples with lower conversions. An investigation of the effect of hot water exposure on network chemistry via infrared spectroscopy indicated that carbamate formation varied with both monomer chemistry and extent of cure, but was greatest for the BADCy polycyanurates. On the other hand, the unreacted cyanate ester band tended to disappear uniformly, suggesting that reactions other than carbamate formation (such as cyclotrimerization) may also take place during exposure to hot water, possibly giving rise to the observed unusual increases in T(g) upon exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josiah T Reams
- National Research Council/Air Force Research Laboratory, Propulsion Directorate, Edwards AFB, CA, USA.
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20
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Chang HC, Lin HT, Lin CH. Benzoxazine-based phosphinated bisphenols and their application in preparing flame-retardant, low dielectric cyanate ester thermosets. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00528j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Guo F, Xia XN, Xiong YQ, Liu J, Xu WJ. Novel macromolecular epoxy resin curing agent containing biphenyl and maleimide moieties: Preparation, curing kinetics, and thermal properties of its cured polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Lin CH, Lin HT, Tian YW, Dai SA, Su WC. Preparation of phosphinated bisphenol from acid‐fragmentation of 1,1,1‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethane and its application in high‐performance cyanate esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Tse Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Wei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shenghong A. Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chiung Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chung Shan Institute and Technology, Lungtan, Tauyuan, Taiwan
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Guenthner AJ, Davis MC, Lamison KR, Yandek GR, Cambrea LR, Groshens TJ, Baldwin LC, Mabry JM. Synthesis, cure kinetics, and physical properties of a new tricyanate ester with enhanced molecular flexibility. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Zhang Z, Yu R, Wang F, Wang J, Jiao Y. Synthesis and properties of novel 4,4′-biphenylene-bridged flame-retardant cyanate ester resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zhou C, Gu A, Liang G, Yuan L. Novel toughened cyanate ester resin with good dielectric properties and thermal stability by copolymerizing with hyperbranched polysiloxane and epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Joseph P, Tretsiakova-Mcnally S. Reactive modifications of some chain- and step-growth polymers with phosphorus-containing compounds: effects on flame retardance-a review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kiskan B, Ghosh NN, Yagci Y. Polybenzoxazine-based composites as high-performance materials. POLYM INT 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.2961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lin CH, Chang SL, Wei TP, Ding SH, Su WC. Facile, one-pot synthesis of phosphinate-substituted bisphenol A and its alkaline-stable diglycidyl ether derivative. Polym Degrad Stab 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Ho TH, Hwang HJ, Shieh JY, Chung MC. Thermal, physical and flame-retardant properties of phosphorus-containing epoxy cured with cyanate ester. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2008.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ho TH, Hwang HJ, Shieh JY, Chung MC. Thermal and physical properties of flame-retardant epoxy resins containing 2-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxaphosphorin-6-yl)-1,4-naphthalenediol and cured with dicyanate ester. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Huang CL, Wang CS, Leu TS. Structure and properties for conterminously linked polymer of copoly(amic acid) with triallyl isocyanurate and bismaleimide. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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