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Muyizere T, Mukiza J. Progress on the development of a metal salt-assisted ionization source for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:2803-2819. [PMID: 35848110 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay00724j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mass spectrometric analysis of polymers has been addressed as a challenging research topic due to poor ionization and complicated analysis using conventional mass spectrometry. The ionization source has demonstrated a promising future in rapid mass spectrometric analysis. Soft ionization techniques, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are the most ionization sources appeared to be a powerful tools for polymer characterization when combined with MS. However, they always need metal salts to be introduced during the ionization protocol for polymers due to the crucial role played by their ions (cations and anions). The current review focuses on the progress in the development of metal ion-assisted-ionization sources for the mass spectrometric analysis of polymers. Different ionization systems are comprehensively reviewed. The application of metal ion-assisted ESI, nanoESI, PSI, and MALDI-MS for polymer sample analyses is systematically discussed. The future research trends and challenges in this cutting-edge research field are summarized. It also aims to provide the current state-of-the-art of metal salts as a platform for ionization systems for the mass spectrometric characterization of polymers and offers the current challenges and perspectives on the promising future to improve analytical performance in this field. Finally, this mini-review provides a comprehensive handbook to researchers from different research backgrounds wishing to work in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theoneste Muyizere
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, China
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, No. 11 Beiyitiao, Zhongguancun, 100190 Beijing, China.
| | - Janvier Mukiza
- Rwanda Food and Drugs Authority, Kigali 1948, Rwanda.
- School of Education, College of Education, University of Rwanda, P. O. BOX 55, Rwamagana, Rwanda
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Pichavant L, Guillermain C, Harakat D, Coqueret X. Photo-initiated copolymerization of allyl and vinyl ethers with dialkyl fumarates: A mechanistic investigation by ESI mass spectrometry. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Schuetz JH, Sandbrink L, Vana P. Insights into the Ring-Expansion Polymerization of Thiiranes with 2,4-Thiazolidinedione. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Voll D, Junkers T, Barner‐Kowollik C. A qualitative and quantitative post‐mortem analysis: Studying free‐radical initiation processes via soft ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Voll
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Polymer Reaction Design Group, Universiteit Hasselt, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, BE‐3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Wienhöfer IC, Luftmann H, Studer A. Nitroxide-Mediated Copolymerization of MMA with Styrene: Sequence Analysis of Oligomers by Using Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma1029482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inga C. Wienhöfer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Heinrich Luftmann
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Armido Studer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Muenster, Corrensstrasse 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Song J, van Velde JW, Vertommen LLT, Smith DF, Heeren RMA, van den Brink OF. End-Group Analysis of Methacrylic (Co)polymers by LC-ESI-MS2. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma102681g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Junkan Song
- Research, Development and Innovation, AkzoNobel, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | - Jan W. van Velde
- Research, Development and Innovation, AkzoNobel, Deventer, The Netherlands
| | | | - Donald F. Smith
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron M. A. Heeren
- FOM Institute for Atomic and Molecular Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Song J, Grün CH, Heeren RMA, Janssen HG, van den Brink OF. High-Resolution Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry on Poly(methyl methacrylate). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010; 49:10168-71. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201005225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Song J, Grün CH, Heeren RMA, Janssen HG, van den Brink OF. High-Resolution Ion Mobility Spectrometry-Mass Spectrometry on Poly(methyl methacrylate). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201005225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Investigation of Polymerization Mechanisms of Poly(n-Butyl Acrylate)s Generated in Different Solvents by LC−ESI−MS2. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Hart-Smith G, Barner-Kowollik C. Contemporary Mass Spectrometry and the Analysis of Synthetic Polymers: Trends, Techniques and Untapped Potential. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Bennet F, Hart-Smith G, Gruendling T, Davis TP, Barker PJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Degradation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Model Compounds Under Extreme Environmental Conditions. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Gruendling T, Weidner S, Falkenhagen J, Barner-Kowollik C. Mass spectrometry in polymer chemistry: a state-of-the-art up-date. Polym Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b9py00347a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Determining Initiator Efficiency in Radical Polymerization by Electrospray-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Fast and Accurate Determination of Absolute Individual Molecular Weight Distributions from Mixtures of Polymers via Size Exclusion Chromatography−Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900755z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Guilhaus
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Wang W, Hutchinson RA. Evidence of Scission Products from Peroxide-Initiated Higher Temperature Polymerization of Alkyl Methacrylates. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900937j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robin A. Hutchinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Dupuis Hall, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Design of Experiment (DoE) as a Tool for the Optimization of Source Conditions in SEC-ESI-MS of Functional Synthetic Polymers Synthesized via ATRP. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:589-97. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 01/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Günzler F, Junker T, Barner‐Kowollik C. Studying the mechanism of thioketone‐mediated polymerization via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Günzler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junker
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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18
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Günzler F, Wong EHH, Koo SPS, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantifying the Efficiency of Photoinitiation Processes in Methyl Methacrylate Free Radical Polymerization via Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802308z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Günzler
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sandy P. S. Koo
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für
Technische Chemie and Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe
(TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design,
School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New
South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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19
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Boschmann D, Edam R, Schoenmakers PJ, Vana P. Characterization of Z-RAFT Star Polymerization of Butyl acrylate by Size-Exclusion Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200950121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Koo SPS, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantitative Product Spectrum Analysis of Poly(butyl acrylate) via Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801196w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandy P. S. Koo
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, NSW 2052, Australia
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21
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Sinnwell S, Synatschke CV, Junkers T, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. A Study into the Stability of 3,6-Dihydro-2H-thiopyran Rings: Key Linkages in the RAFT Hetero-Diels−Alder Click Concept. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma8013959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Sinnwell
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher V. Synatschke
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische
Chemie and Polymer Chemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany,
and Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical
Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney
NSW 2052, Australia
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Imran-ul-haq M, Tiersch B, Beuermann S. Influence of Polymer End Groups on Crystallization and Morphology of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Synthesized in Homogeneous Phase with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801325p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran-ul-haq
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany
| | - Brigitte Tiersch
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabine Beuermann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht Strasse 24-25, 14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany
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23
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Janssen O, Vana P. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric study of end-groups in peroxydicarbonate-initiated radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Nguyen DH, Wood MR, Zhao Y, Perrier S, Vana P. Solid-Supported MADIX Polymerization of Vinyl Acetate. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma801328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Duc H. Nguyen
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Department of Colour & Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Murray R. Wood
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Department of Colour & Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Youliang Zhao
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Department of Colour & Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sébastien Perrier
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Department of Colour & Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Philipp Vana
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany, and Department of Colour & Polymer Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Gruendling T, Guilhaus M, Barner-Kowollik C. Quantitative LC−MS of Polymers: Determining Accurate Molecular Weight Distributions by Combined Size Exclusion Chromatography and Electrospray Mass Spectrometry with Maximum Entropy Data Processing. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6915-27. [DOI: 10.1021/ac800591j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael Guilhaus
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2033, Australia, Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Universität Karlsruhe (TH)/Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany, and Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, UNSW Analytical Centre,The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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26
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Characterization of linear and branched polyacrylates by tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:595-607. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-1969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 02/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Junkers T, Wong EHH, Szablan Z, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Laser Induced Marking of Polymer Chains with Radical Spin Traps. Macromol Rapid Commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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28
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Gruendling T, Hart-Smith G, Davis TP, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Enhanced Ionization in Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Labile End-Group-Containing Polystyrenes Using Silver(I) Tetrafluoroborate as Doping Salt. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma702163v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Till Gruendling
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Gene Hart-Smith
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Martina H. Stenzel
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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29
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Chaffey-Millar H, Hart-Smith G, Barner-Kowollik C. Living star polymer formation (RAFT) studied via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Buback M, Frauendorf H, Günzler F, Vana P. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometric end-group analysis of PMMA produced by radical polymerization using diacyl peroxide initiators. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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