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Wang Z, Hu J, Wang B, Liu Y, Long X. Synthesis and properties of copolyarylates containing phenol red units. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan People's Republic of China
- Institute of Environmentally Friendly Materials and Occupational Health Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu People's Republic of China
| | - Junwei Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Bolin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiubo Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhang J, Lian S, He Y, Cao X, Shang J, Liu Q, Ye G, Zheng K, Ma Y. Intrinsically flame-retardant polyamide 66 with high flame retardancy and mechanical properties. RSC Adv 2020; 11:433-441. [PMID: 35423049 PMCID: PMC8690892 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07822k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The key factor in the synthesis of intrinsic flame retardant polymers is the thermal stability and reactivity of phosphorus-based flame retardants. However, it is difficult to realize both thermal stability and high reactivity by using one phosphorus-based flame retardant. Herein, we proposed a strategy to improve the thermal stability of highly reactive flame-retardant, 4-(2-(((2-carboxyethyl)(phenyl)phosphoryl)oxy)ethoxy)-4-oxohexanoic acid (CPPOA), by reacting it with 1,6-diaminohexane to obtain CPPOA salt, which then was copolymerized with PA66 salt to obtain intrinsic flame-retardant polyamide 66 (FRPA66). The thermal stability of CPPOA was significantly improved. The LOI and vertical combustion grade of FRPA66 with 6 wt% CPPOA reached 27.2% and V-0 rating, respectively. Furthermore, the tensile strength and impact strength of the FRPA66 reached 70 MPa and 5.6 kJ m-2, respectively. Our work presents an efficient approach to synthesize polymers having high flame retardancy and good mechanical properties, showing high potential for real applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Siming Lian
- Zhuhai Green Electric Co., Ltd Guangdong 519070 China
| | - Yifan He
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jiaming Shang
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Qingyun Liu
- Shandong University of Science and Technology Shandong 266590 China
| | - Gang Ye
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Kun Zheng
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yongmei Ma
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Beijing 100190 China
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3
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Zhang Y, Yan GM, Zhang G, Liu SL, Yang J. Synthesis of high transparency polyarylates containing cyclohexane group. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.122047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Unique self-catalyzed cationic ring-opening polymerization of a high performance deoxybenzoin-based 1,3-benzoxazine monomer. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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lşıksel E, Kahraman G, Ceren Süer N, Wang D, Eren T. Synthesis and characterization of phosphonate and aromatic‐based polynorbornene polymers derived from the ring opening metathesis polymerization method and investigation of their thermal properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. lşıksel
- Department of ChemistryYildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus 34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkey
| | - G. Kahraman
- Department of ChemistryYildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus 34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkey
| | - N. Ceren Süer
- Department of ChemistryYildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus 34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkey
| | - D.‐Y. Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2 28906 Getafe Madrid Spain
| | - T. Eren
- Department of ChemistryYildiz Technical University, Davutpasa Campus 34220 Esenler Istanbul Turkey
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6
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Chen CH, Lin CH, Hon JM, Wang MW, Juang TY. First halogen and phosphorus-free, flame-retardant benzoxazine thermosets derived from main-chain type bishydroxydeoxybenzoin-based benzoxazine polymers. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Vini R, Thenmozhi S, Murugavel SC. Synthesis, characterization and thermal degradation kinetics of azomethine-based halogen-free flame-retardant polyphosphonates. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317752073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this study, azomethine polyphosphonates were synthesized by solution polycondensation of phenylphosphonic dichloride with various azomethine diols such as [4-(4-hydroxy phenyl) iminomethyl] phenol, [(4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl) iminomethyl)] phenol and [4-(4-hydroxy-3-ethoxy phenyl) iminomethyl] phenol using triethylamine catalyst at ambient temperature. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and 1H-, 13C- and 31P- nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. Thermal properties of the polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry under nitrogen atmosphere. The TGA data showed that the synthesized polyphosphonates produce high char yield at 600°C due to the presence of phosphorous atom in the polymer chain and hence have good flame-retardant properties. One of the synthesized polyphosphonate was blended with commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) resin in various weight percentage and cured with commercial curing agent triethylene tetramine (TETA). The polyphosphonates-blended epoxy thermosets have tensile strength in the range of 5–41 MPa and the percentage of elongation at breaks was 4–18. It was found that the incorporation of polyphosphonates into epoxy thermoset decreased the tensile strength from 41 MPa to 5 MPa, whereas the elongation at break value increased with increase in the weight percentage of polyphosphonate. The influence of polyphosphonates on the flame retardancy of blended thermosets was examined by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) tests and found that the polymer samples achieved an increased UL-94 rating and the LOI values were in the range of 24–26. Broido and Horowitz–Metzger methods have been used to study the thermal degradation kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vini
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Thenmozhi
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - SC Murugavel
- Chemistry Division, Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Applied Science, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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8
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Hu X, Wang Y, Yu J, Zhu J, Hu Z. Synthesis of a deoxybenzoin derivative and its use as a flame retardant in poly(trimethylene terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
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Hu X, Wang Y, Yu J, Zhu J, Hu Z. The effect of aluminum phosphinate on char formation of phosphorus-containing deoxybenzoin polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317735161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of aluminum diethlyphosphinate (AlPi; <2% by weight) to 4,4′-bishydroxydeoxybenzoin-polyphosphonates (BHDB-PPNs) increased the char yield rate of BHDB-PPN from about 54% to 63% at 600°C. The increase of char yield rate might be attributed to the reaction among the degraded products from AlPi and BHDB-PPN to form stable intermediates which increased the activation energy of cleavage of P–C bond in the BHDB-PPN and reduced the release of benzene to the gas phase. It was found that the char yielded from BHDB-PPN and BHDB-PPN/AlPi comprised about 90% carbon element, which was characterized as main sp2 carbon structure by Raman spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Hu X, Wang Y, Yu J, Zhu J, Hu Z. Nonhalogen flame retarded poly(butylene terephthalate) composite using aluminum phosphinate and phosphorus-containing deoxybenzoin polymer. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Junrong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
| | - Zuming Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai 201620 People's Republic of China
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11
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Latha G, Natarajan M, Murugavel SC. Synthesis and characterization of cardo-based phosphorous–containing flame-retardant aromatic polyesters. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008315623351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorous-containing cardo polyesters were synthesized by interfacial polycondensation of phenylphosphonic dichloride with various bisphenols using a phase-transfer catalyst at ambient temperature. The structure of the synthesized polymers was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared and proton, carbon 13, and phosphorous 31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic techniques. The thermal properties of the polymers were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry under nitrogen atmosphere. All the polyesters showed high thermal stability, the maximum decomposition temperature being in the range of 475–523°C. The TGA data showed that all the synthesized phosphorous-containing polyesters produce high char yield at 700°C due to the presence of phosphorous atom in the polymer chain and hence have good flame-retardant properties. The synthesized phosphorus-containing polyesters have tensile strength in the range of 38.2–48 MPa, and the percentage of elongation at breaks of 3.3–16.8. The flame retardancy of all synthesized polymers was investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and vertical burning (UL-94) tests. The results showed that the synthesized polymers have excellent flame retardancy, that is, the polymer samples achieved an increased UL-94 rating and the LOI values were in the range of 28.5–34. Broido model has been used to study the thermal degradation kinetic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Latha
- Department of Chemistry, Hindusthan College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Natarajan
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - SC Murugavel
- Polymer Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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13
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Wu G, Li J, Luo Y. Flame retardancy and thermal degradation mechanism of a novel post-chain extension flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. Polym Degrad Stab 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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14
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Hoang D, Kim W, An H, Kim J. Flame retardancies of novel organo-phosphorus flame retardants based on DOPO derivatives when applied to ABS. Macromol Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-015-3058-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Wu G, Li J, Chai C, Ge Z, Lin J, Luo Y. Synthesis and characterization of novel post-chain extension flame retardant waterborne polyurethane. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12975c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Flame-retardant waterborne polyurethanes with a phosphorus-containing flame retardant diamine (AWPUs) were synthesized and characterized by the method of post-chain extension technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Jinqing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Chunpeng Chai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Zhen Ge
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Jialun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
| | - Yunjun Luo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing 100081
- PR China
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16
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Zhang L, Wu W, Zhong Y, Zhu S, Wang Z, Zou Z. Synergistic effects of BHDB-IPC with AlPi/MCA on flame retarding TPEE. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra13677f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The deoxybenzoin-based copolyarylate BHDB-IPC with perfect charring ability was synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luchong Zhang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Yuhua Zhong
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Songwei Zhu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Zou
- Sino-German Joint Research Center of Advanced Materials
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- East China University of Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200237
- PR China
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Szyndler MW, Timmons JC, Yang ZH, Lesser AJ, Emrick T. Multifunctional deoxybenzoin-based epoxies: Synthesis, mechanical properties, and thermal evaluation. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Zhang G, Xing XJ, Li DS, Wang XJ, Yang J. Effects of Thioether Content on the Solubility and Thermal Properties of Aromatic Polyesters. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie401750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-jing Xing
- College
of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Dong-sheng Li
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-jun Wang
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Materials Science & Technology, Analytical & Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
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Kaniappan K, Murugavel SC, Thangadurai TD. Synthesis and properties of few polyphosphonate derivatives containing photosensitive unsaturated keto group in the main chain. Macromol Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1149-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Flame retardation performances of novel aryl cyclic phosphorus flame retardants when applied to highly flammable polymers. Macromol Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-013-1031-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Torres JM, Wang C, Coughlin EB, Bishop JP, Register RA, Riggleman RA, Stafford CM, Vogt BD. Influence of Chain Stiffness on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Thin Films. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201482b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Torres
- Chemical Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85284, United States
| | - Chengqing Wang
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - E. Bryan Coughlin
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - John P. Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Richard A. Register
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Robert A. Riggleman
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Christopher M. Stafford
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Bryan D. Vogt
- Department of Polymer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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22
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Howell BA, Carter KE, Dangalle H. Flame Retardants Based on Tartaric Acid: A Renewable By-Product of the Wine Industry. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2011-1063.ch009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Howell
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859-0001
| | - K. E. Carter
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859-0001
| | - H. Dangalle
- Center for Applications in Polymer Science and Department of Chemistry, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48859-0001
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Aryl Polyphosphonates: Useful Halogen-Free Flame Retardants for Polymers. MATERIALS 2010; 3:4746-4760. [PMID: 28883350 PMCID: PMC5445785 DOI: 10.3390/ma3104746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aryl polyphosphonates (ArPPN) have been demonstrated to function in wide applications as flame retardants for different polymer materials, including thermosets, polycarbonate, polyesters and polyamides, particularly due to their satisfactory thermal stability compared to aliphatic flame retardants, and to their desirable flow behavior observed during the processing of polymeric materials. This paper provides a brief overview of the main developments in ArPPN and their derivatives for flame-retarding polymeric materials, primarily based on the authors' research work and the literature published over the last two decades. The synthetic chemistry of these compounds is discussed along with their thermal stabilities and flame-retardant properties. The possible mechanisms of ArPPN and their derivatives containing hetero elements, which exhibit a synergistic effect with phosphorus, are also discussed.
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25
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Chen H, Luo Y, Chai C, Wang J, Li J, Xia M. Synthesis and characterization of phosphorus-containing waterborne polyurethanes: Effects of the organophosphonate content on the flame retardancy, morphology, and film properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.28841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Lin CH, Lin TL, Chang SL, Dai SA, Cheng RJ, Hwang KY, Tu AP, Su WC. Facile preparation of novel epoxy curing agents and their high‐performance thermosets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung Li Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Lung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shenghong A. Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ru Jen Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - An Pang Tu
- Chang Chun Plastics Co., Ltd., ShinChu, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chiung Su
- Chemical Division, Chung‐Shan Institute of Science and Technology, Lungtan, Tauyuan, Taiwan
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Ranganathan T, Beaulieu M, Zilberman J, Smith KD, Westmoreland PR, Farris RJ, Coughlin EB, Emrick T. Thermal degradation of deoxybenzoin polymers studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Polym Degrad Stab 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2008.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Lyon RE, Emrick T. Non-halogen fire resistant plastics for aircraft interiors. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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