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Heidarzadeh N, Bygott EG, Hutchinson RA. Exploiting Addition-Fragmentation Reactions to Produce Low Dispersity Poly(isobornyl acrylate) and Blocky Copolymers by Semibatch Radical Polymerization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e2000288. [PMID: 32725678 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Solution radical homopolymerization of isobornyl acrylate (iBoA) under starved-feed higher temperature conditions unexpectedly leads to polymer product with low dispersity (<1.3) compared to the polymerization of butyl acrylate (BA) under identical conditions. Both backbiting and β-scission reactions occur, as the poly(iBoA) product contains close to 100% terminal double bond (TDB) functionality. However, the addition of monomer to the midchain radicals formed by backbiting is sterically hindered, greatly reducing both short and long-chain branching. The poly(iBoA) macromonomer functions as an excellent addition-fragmentation agent, not only lowering dispersity but also providing a means to efficiently produce blocky acrylate copolymers through sequential monomer feeding in the starved-feed semibatch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Heidarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth G Bygott
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Robin A Hutchinson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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2
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Jiang F, Fang C, Zhang J, Wang W, Wang Z. Triblock Copolymer Elastomers with Enhanced Mechanical Properties Synthesized by RAFT Polymerization and Subsequent Quaternization through Incorporation of a Comonomer with Imidazole Groups of about 2.0 Mass Percentage. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Chu Fang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wentao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft
Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hefei
National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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3
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Voorhaar L, Hoogenboom R. One-Pot Synthesis of Charged Amphiphilic Diblock and Triblock Copolymers Via High-Throughput Cu(0)-Mediated Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E320. [PMID: 30970996 PMCID: PMC6418976 DOI: 10.3390/polym9080320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Block copolymers containing functionalized monomers, for example those containing charged groups, can be used for many purposes, one of which is the design of polymeric supramolecular materials based on electrostatic interactions. In this paper the synthesis of diblock copolymers and ABA-triblock copolymers containing poly(n-butyl acrylate) as a first or middle block and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate), poly(1-ethoxyethyl acrylate) and poly(1-ethoxyethyl-2-carboxyethyl acrylate) as second or outer blocks, resulting in block copolymers that can contain positive or negative charges, is reported. The polymerizations were performed and optimized via one-pot sequential monomer addition reactions via Cu(0)-mediated polymerization using an automated parallel synthesizer. Different initiators, monomer concentrations and polymerization times were tested. While a bromide-containing initiator led to the best results for most monomers, when polymerizing 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate the use of a chloride-containing initiator was necessary. Due to the slower polymerization using this initiator, a longer polymerization time was needed before addition of the second monomer. Using the optimized conditions, the diblock and triblock copolymers could be synthesized with good control over molecular weight and dispersities around 1.1 were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenny Voorhaar
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
- SIM vzw, Technologiepark 935, 9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Supramolecular Chemistry Group, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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4
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From cylindrical to spherical nanosized micelles by self-assembly of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-b-poly(acrylic acid) diblock copolymers. Polym Bull (Berl) 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-016-1598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Poly(methacrylic acid)-l
-Polyisobutylene Amphiphilic Conetworks by Using an Ethoxyethyl-Protected Comonomer: Synthesis, Protecting Group Removal in the Cross-Linked State, and Characterization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201400478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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6
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Charles L. MALDI of synthetic polymers with labile end-groups. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:523-543. [PMID: 24285426 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Mass spectrometry is increasingly used in the field of synthetic polymers as a fast and accurate technique for end-group analysis. More particularly, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) has gained much popularity because it allows quite simple mass spectra to be obtained, displaying a single distribution for each polymeric species present in the sample, in contrast to electrospray ionization (ESI) which readily promotes multiple charging for most polymers. A soft ionization process, ensuring the integrity of the species upon transfer into gas phase ions, is however mandatory for polymer end-group analysis since information about the chain terminations mainly rely on the m/z values measured for polymer adducts. As compared to ESI, MALDI is sometimes suspected to be a quite "hard" ionization technique, leading to spontaneous dissociation of ionized species either in the source or during their flight time. This issue is of particular concern for polymers carrying so-called fragile end-groups arising from their mode of synthesis. In particular, controlled radical polymerization (CRP) processes, one of the most important advances in the field of polymer science during the last 20 years, allow the production of polymers with well-defined molecular distribution and low polydispersities, but they are all based on the low dissociation energy of the chemical bond between the last monomer and the terminating group. As a result, if macromolecules are activated while being ionized, this end-group is prone to fragmentation and ions measured in the mass spectra do no longer reflect the original chain composition. However, different results are reported in the literature about the ability of MALDI to generate intact ions from CRP synthetic polymers. This article reviews MALDI MS data reported for synthetic polymers produced by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization (RAFT), and nitroxide-mediated polymerization (NMP), the three most studied CRP techniques. The general principle of each polymerization process, which defines the structure of the end-groups in both targeted macromolecules and species arising from eventual side-reactions, is first briefly presented. An overview of MALDI data reported for samples obtained upon polymerization of different monomers are then commented for each polymerization techniques with regards to the success of the ionization method to generate intact cationic adducts and its propensity to distinguish in-source fragments from polymerization side-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Charles
- Aix-Marseille Université-CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire: ICR UMR 7273, 13397, Marseille, France
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7
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Neugebauer D, Bury K, Paprotna M, Biela T. Amphiphilic copolymers with poly(meth)acrylic acid chains “grafted from” caprolactone 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl ester-based backbone. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Neugebauer
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; M. Strzody 9 Gliwice 44-100 Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bury
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; M. Strzody 9 Gliwice 44-100 Poland
| | - Magdalena Paprotna
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers; Silesian University of Technology; M. Strzody 9 Gliwice 44-100 Poland
| | - Tadeusz Biela
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies; Polish Academy of Sciences; Sienkiewicza 112 90-363 Łódź Poland
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Toloza Porras C, D'hooge DR, Van Steenberge PHM, Reyniers MF, Marin GB. A Theoretical Exploration of the Potential of ICAR ATRP for One- and Two-Pot Synthesis of Well-Defined Diblock Copolymers. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201200085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Khandelwal D, Hooda S, Brar AS, Shankar R. Stereochemical assignments of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of isobornyl acrylate/methacrylonitrile copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Neugebauer D, Bury K, Pendziałek K. High molecular weight diblock and ABA/ABC triblock copolymers of tert-butyl (meth)acrylate. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Khandelwal D, Hooda S, Brar A, Shankar R. 1D and 2D NMR studies of isobornyl acrylate – Methyl methacrylate copolymers. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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Espinosa E, Glassner M, Boisson C, Barner-Kowollik C, D'Agosto F. Synthesis of Cyclopentadienyl Capped Polyethylene and Subsequent Block Copolymer Formation Via Hetero Diels-Alder (HDA) Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1447-53. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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13
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Stamenović MM, Espeel P, Camp WV, Du Prez FE. Norbornenyl-Based RAFT Agents for the Preparation of Functional Polymers via Thiol–Ene Chemistry. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma200799b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Milan M. Stamenović
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry,Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Espeel
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry,Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Camp
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry,Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry,Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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14
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Khandelwal D, Hooda S, Brar A. Configurational sequence determination of poly(isobornyl acrylate) by NMR spectroscopy. J Mol Struct 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2011.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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D’hooge DR, Reyniers MF, Stadler FJ, Dervaux B, Bailly C, Du Prez FE, Marin GB. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization of Isobornyl Acrylate: A Kinetic Modeling Study. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma101736j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S5), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Marie-Françoise Reyniers
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S5), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Florian J. Stadler
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères Département des science des matériaux et de procédés Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chonbuk National University, 561-756 Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Bart Dervaux
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christian Bailly
- Unité de Physique et de Chimie des Hauts Polymères Département des science des matériaux et de procédés Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 1, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4-bis), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy B. Marin
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S5), B-9000 Gent, Belgium
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16
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Bulychev N, Dervaux B, Dirnberger K, Zubov V, Prez FED, Eisenbach CD. Structure of Adsorption Layers of Amphiphilic Copolymers on Inorganic or Organic Particle Surfaces. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Caretti I, Dervaux B, Du Prez FE, Van Doorslaer S. The nature of Cu(II) species in ATRP: New insights via EPR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Van Camp W, Du Prez FE, Alem H, Demoustier-Champagne S, Willet N, Grancharov G, Duwez AS. Poly(acrylic acid) with disulfide bond for the elaboration of pH-responsive brush surfaces. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2009.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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19
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Inglis AJ, Paulöhrl T, Barner-Kowollik C. Ambient Temperature Synthesis of a Versatile Macromolecular Building Block: Cyclopentadienyl-Capped Polymers. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902464a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Inglis
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Paulöhrl
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Dervaux B, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C, Du Prez FE. Continuous ATRP Synthesis of Block-Like Copolymers via Column Reactors: Design and Validation of a Kinetic Model. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.200900046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Nebhani L, Gerstel P, Atanasova P, Bruns M, Barner-Kowollik C. Efficient and mild modification of Si surfaces via orthogonal hetero Diels-Alder chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Ercole F, Malic N, Harrisson S, Davis TP, Evans RA. Photochromic Polymer Conjugates: The Importance of Macromolecular Architecture in Controlling Switching Speed within a Polymer Matrix. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901830b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ercole
- CSIRO Molecular & Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton VIC 3169, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers, 8 Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nino Malic
- CSIRO Molecular & Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton VIC 3169, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers, 8 Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Simon Harrisson
- CSIRO Molecular & Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton VIC 3169, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers, 8 Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Thomas P. Davis
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Richard A. Evans
- CSIRO Molecular & Health Technologies, Bag 10, Clayton VIC 3169, Australia
- The Cooperative Research Centre for Polymers, 8 Redwood Drive, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design, School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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23
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Dervaux B, Junker T, Schneider‐Baumann M, Du Prez FE, Barner‐Kowollik C. Propagation rate coefficients of isobornyl acrylate,
tert
‐butyl acrylate and 1‐ethoxyethyl acrylate: A high frequency PLP‐SEC study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Dervaux
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4‐bis), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tanja Junker
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maria Schneider‐Baumann
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 (S4‐bis), 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner‐Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Lammens M, Fournier D, Fijten MWM, Hoogenboom R, Prez FD. Star-Shaped Polyacrylates: Highly Functionalized Architectures via CuAAC Click Conjugation. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:2049-55. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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25
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Inglis AJ, Stenzel MH, Barner-Kowollik C. Ultra-Fast RAFT-HDA Click
Conjugation: An Efficient Route to High Molecular Weight Block Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1792-8. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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26
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Bulychev N, Van Camp W, Dervaux B, Kirilina Y, Dirnberger K, Zubov V, Prez FED, Eisenbach CD. Comparative Study of the Solid-Liquid Interface Behavior of Amphiphilic Block and Block-Like Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Thompson CJ, Ding C, Qu X, Yang Z, Uchegbu IF, Tetley L, Cheng WP. The effect of polymer architecture on the nano self-assemblies based on novel comb-shaped amphiphilic poly(allylamine). Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1925-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Van Renterghem LM, Lammens M, Dervaux B, Viville P, Lazzaroni R, Du Prez FE. Design and use of organic nanoparticles prepared from star-shaped polymers with reactive end groups. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:10802-11. [PMID: 18627145 DOI: 10.1021/ja801055f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Star-shaped poly(isobornyl acrylate) (PiBA) was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using multifunctional initiators. The optimal ATRP conditions were determined to minimize star-star coupling and to preserve high end group functionality (>90%). Star-shaped PiBA with a narrow polydispersity index was synthesized with 4, 6, and 12 arms and of varying molecular weight (10,000 to 100,000 g x mol(-1)) using 4 equiv of a Cu(I)Br/PMDETA catalyst system in acetone. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) confirmed their controlled synthesis. The bromine end group of each arm was then transformed to a reactive end group by a nucleophilic substitution with methacrylic acid or cinnamic acid (conversion >90%). These reactive star polymers were used to prepare PiBA nanoparticles by intramolecular polymerization of the end groups. The successful preparation of this new type of organic nanoparticles on a multigram scale was proven by NMR spectroscopy and SEC. Subsequently, they have been used as additives for linear, rubbery poly(n-butyl acrylate). Rheology measurements indicated that the viscoelastic properties of the resulting materials can be fine-tuned by changing the amount of incorporated nanoparticles (1-20 wt %), as a result of the entanglements between the nanoparticles and the linear polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lieven M Van Renterghem
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4-bis, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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