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Temperature-Responsive Polymer Brush Coatings for Advanced Biomedical Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194245. [PMID: 36236192 PMCID: PMC9571834 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern biomedical technologies predict the application of materials and devices that not only can comply effectively with specific requirements, but also enable remote control of their functions. One of the most prospective materials for these advanced biomedical applications are materials based on temperature-responsive polymer brush coatings (TRPBCs). In this review, methods for the fabrication and characterization of TRPBCs are summarized, and possibilities for their application, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the TRPBCs, are presented in detail. Special attention is paid to the mechanisms of thermo-responsibility of the TRPBCs. Applications of TRPBCs for temperature-switchable bacteria killing, temperature-controlled protein adsorption, cell culture, and temperature-controlled adhesion/detachment of cells and tissues are considered. The specific criteria required for the desired biomedical applications of TRPBCs are presented and discussed.
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Quan F, Zhang A, Cheng F, Cui L, Liu J, Xia Y. Biodegradable Polymeric Architectures via Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerizations. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E758. [PMID: 30960683 PMCID: PMC6403716 DOI: 10.3390/polym10070758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Reversible deactivation radical polymerizations (RDRPs) have proven to be the convenient tools for the preparation of polymeric architectures and nanostructured materials. When biodegradability is conferred to these materials, many biomedical applications can be envisioned. In this review, we discuss the synthesis and applications of biodegradable polymeric architectures using different RDRPs. These biodegradable polymeric structures can be designed as well-defined star-shaped, cross-linked or hyperbranched via smartly designing the chain transfer agents and/or post-polymerization modifications. These polymers can also be exploited to fabricate micelles, vesicles and capsules via either self-assembly or cross-linking methodologies. Nanogels and hydrogels can also be prepared via RDRPs and their applications in biomedical science are also discussed. In addition to the synthetic polymers, varied natural precursors such as cellulose and biomolecules can also be employed to prepare biodegradable polymeric architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyu Quan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Aitang Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Fangfang Cheng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Liang Cui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Jingquan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China.
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Marine Biomass Fibers, Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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3
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Foster JC, Radzinski SC, Matson JB. Graft polymer synthesis by RAFT transfer‐to. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C. Foster
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburg Virginia24061
| | - Scott C. Radzinski
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburg Virginia24061
| | - John B. Matson
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation InstituteVirginia TechBlacksburg Virginia24061
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Wang CE, Stayton PS, Pun SH, Convertine AJ. Polymer nanostructures synthesized by controlled living polymerization for tumor-targeted drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 219:345-354. [PMID: 26342661 PMCID: PMC4656053 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of drug delivery systems based on well-defined polymer nanostructures could lead to significant improvements in the treatment of cancer. The design of these therapeutic nanosystems must account for numerous systemic and circulation obstacles as well as the specific pathophysiology of the tumor. Nanoparticle size and surface charge must also be carefully selected in order to maintain long circulation times, allow tumor penetration, and avoid clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES). Targeting ligands such as vitamins, peptides, and antibodies can improve the accumulation of nanoparticle-based therapies in tumor tissue but must be optimized to allow for intratumoral penetration. In this review, we will highlight factors influencing the design of nanoparticle therapies as well as the development of modern controlled "living" polymerization techniques (e.g. ATRP, RAFT, ROMP) that are leading to the creation of sophisticated new polymer architectures with discrete spatially-defined functional modules. These innovative materials (e.g. star polymers, polymer brushes, macrocyclic polymers, and hyperbranched polymers) combine many of the desirable properties of traditional nanoparticle therapies while substantially reducing or eliminating the need for complex formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Wang
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Patrick S Stayton
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Anthony J Convertine
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering and Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Wright TG, Weber W, Pfukwa H, Pasch H. Synthesis and Characterization of Four-Arm Star Polystyrene Based on a Novel Tetrafunctional RAFT Agent. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Gavin Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 7602 Matieland South Africa
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 7602 Matieland South Africa
| | - Helen Pfukwa
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 7602 Matieland South Africa
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science; University of Stellenbosch; Private Bag X1 7602 Matieland South Africa
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6
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Tailoring Confinement: Nano-Carrier Synthesis via Z-RAFT Star Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2015. [DOI: 10.3390/polym7040695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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7
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Wright TG, Pasch H. A simple route to deuterated polystyrene block copolymers by reverse iodine transfer polymerisation. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, deuterated polystyrene block copolymers were synthesized by RITP and analysed by advanced fractionation and spectroscopic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Gavin Wright
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Matieland 7602
- South Africa
| | - Harald Pasch
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science
- University of Stellenbosch
- Matieland 7602
- South Africa
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Wang D, Wang WJ, Li BG, Zhu S. Semibatch RAFT polymerization for branched polyacrylamide production: Effect of divinyl monomer feeding policies. AIChE J 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dunming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310027; P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310027; P.R. China
| | - Bo-Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering; Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering; Dept. of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; Zhejiang; 310027; P.R. China
| | - Shiping Zhu
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; McMaster University; Hamilton; ON; Canada; L8S 4L7
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature's building blocks. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Qiu Q, Liu G, An Z. Efficient and versatile synthesis of star polymers in water and their use as emulsifiers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:12685-7. [PMID: 22037974 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc15679a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Core cross-linked star polymers of low polydispersity were efficiently prepared in high yield by RAFT-mediated emulsion and dispersion polymerizations in water at high solid content. These star polymers were demonstrated to be effective emulsifiers, and the emulsion was successfully used as template to fabricate polymer particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qiu
- Institute of Nanochemistry and Nanobiology, College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, P. R. China 200444
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Strube OI, Nothdurft L, Drache M, Schmidt-Naake G. A Novel Bifunctional Trithiocarbonate for Styrene and Methacrylate RAFT Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Fröhlich MG, Nardai MM, Förster N, Vana P, Zifferer G. Shielding effects in polymer–polymer reactions, 3. Z-RAFT star polymerization under various solvent conditions. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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13
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Relaxation Processes of Poly(tert-butyl acrylate) Chemically Confined via Hydrogen Bonds. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Li J, Ren J, Cao Y, Yuan W. Synthesis of biodegradable pentaarmed star-block copolymers via an asymmetric BIS-TRIS core by combination of ROP and RAFT: From star architectures to double responsive micelles. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Bicciocchi E, Chong YK, Giorgini L, Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Substituent Effects on RAFT Polymerization with Benzyl Aryl Trithiocarbonates. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Evans AC, Skey J, Wright M, Qu W, Ondeck C, Longbottom DA, O'Reilly RK. Functional and tuneable amino acid polymers prepared by RAFT polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Liu J, Tao L, Xu J, Jia Z, Boyer C, Davis TP. RAFT controlled synthesis of six-armed biodegradable star polymeric architectures via a ‘core-first’ methodology. POLYMER 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2009.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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18
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Stenzel MH. Hairy Core-Shell Nanoparticles via RAFT: Where are the Opportunities and Where are the Problems and Challenges? Macromol Rapid Commun 2009; 30:1603-24. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200900180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/04/2009] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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19
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Konkolewicz D, Hawkett BS, Gray-Weale A, Perrier S. RAFT polymerization kinetics: How long are the cross-terminating oligomers? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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20
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Rotzoll R, Vana P. A Bipedal Silica-Immobilized Azo-Initiator for Surface-Confined Radical Polymerizations. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study introduces the silica-anchored azo-initiator 4,4′-azobis(4-cyano-N-(3″-triethoxysilylpropyl)-valeric amide) (ACTA) for the surface-initiated polymerization of methyl acrylate (MA) with and without additional grafted reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) agents 1,4-bis(3′-trimethoxysilylpropyltrithiocarbonylmethyl)benzene and 1,6-bis(o,p-2′-trimethoxysilylethylbenzyltrithiocarbonyl)hexane. While the sole use of silica-linked ACTA produced grafted poly(methyl acrylate) (pMA) of high molecular weight, due to a 2D Trommsdorff effect, the polymerization in combination with the fixed RAFT agents exhibited living behaviour with increasing molecular weights during polymerization. Silica-pMA hybrids were further analyzed via thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy, which revealed significant differences between the three approaches.
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Zhang L, Stenzel MH. Spherical Glycopolymer Architectures using RAFT: From Stars with a ?-Cyclodextrin Core to Thermoresponsive Core–Shell Particles. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Glycopolymers with a seven-arm star architectures based on a β-cyclodextrin core (β-CD-RAFT) were successfully prepared using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A bimodal molecular weight distribution was observed in the early stages of the polymerization. At monomer conversions of N-acryloyl glucose (AGA) above 10% the polymerization proceeded according to a living behaviour and molecular weights of more than 200000 g mol–1 were obtained. However, the resulting star polymers did not undergo well-controlled chain extension with N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) and the formation of block structures in each arm was prevented. Alternatively, the arm-first technique was employed. Block copolymers based on AGA and PNIPAAm were self-assembled into micelles at a solution temperature above the lower critical solution temperature. Subsequent core-crosslinking with hexan-1,6-diol diacrylate resulted in unimolecular micelles with thermoresponsive properties. Dynamic light scattering studies, surface tensiometry, and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the formation of core–shell particles.
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Boschmann D, Edam R, Schoenmakers PJ, Vana P. Characterization of Z-RAFT Star Polymerization of Butyl acrylate by Size-Exclusion Chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200950121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process - A Second Update. Aust J Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a second update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379–410). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669–692). This review cites over 500 papers that appeared during the period mid-2006 to mid-2009 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization ranging from reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses and a diverse range of applications. Significant developments have occurred, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group removal and transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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