1
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Pierau L, Elian C, Akimoto J, Ito Y, Caillol S, Versace DL. Bio-sourced Monomers and Cationic Photopolymerization: The Green combination towards Eco-Friendly and Non-Toxic Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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2
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Taschner R, Liska R, Knaack P. Evaluation of suitable onium tetrafluoroborates for cationic polymerization of epoxides. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roland Taschner
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | - Patrick Knaack
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien Vienna Austria
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3
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Hola E, Ortyl J. Pyrylium salt as a visible-light-induced photoredox catalyst for polymer and organic synthesis – Perspectives on catalyst design and performance. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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4
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Baranac-Stojanović M, Stojanović M, Aleksić J. Triplet state (anti)aromaticity of some monoheterocyclic analogues of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj00207d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
By employing DFT calculations, we show the influence of heteroatom substitution on the triplet state (anti)aromaticity of benzene, naphthalene and anthracene.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milovan Stojanović
- University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy – Center for Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
| | - Jovana Aleksić
- University of Belgrade – Institute of Chemistry
- Technology and Metallurgy – Center for Chemistry
- Belgrade
- Serbia
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5
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Sang W, Yan Q. Electro-Controlled Living Cationic Polymerization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:4907-4911. [PMID: 29508512 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Cationic polymerizations have long been industrialized; however, stimulus-regulated cationic polymerization remains to be developed. An electrochemically controlled living cationic polymerization is presented for the first time. In the presence of external potential and organic-based electrocatalyst, a series of monomers can be polymerized under a cationic chain-transfer mechanism. The resulting polymers exhibit well-defined molecular mass, narrow dispersity, and good chain-end fidelity. By controlling the external potential to switch the electrocatalyst between its oxidized and reduced states, ON/OFF polymerization can be achieved. This method is a versatile way to a large range of monomers, including vinyl ether-type and p-substituted styrene-type monomers. Given the sustainability feature and broad interest of electrochemical synthetic techniques, we envisaged that this method would lead a new direction of external regulated living ionic polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Qiang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers; Department of Macromolecular Engineering; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
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7
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Michaudel Q, Chauviré T, Kottisch V, Supej MJ, Stawiasz KJ, Shen L, Zipfel WR, Abruña HD, Freed JH, Fors BP. Mechanistic Insight into the Photocontrolled Cationic Polymerization of Vinyl Ethers. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:15530-15538. [PMID: 28985061 PMCID: PMC5806523 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of the recently reported photocontrolled cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers was investigated using a variety of catalysts and chain-transfer agents (CTAs) as well as diverse spectroscopic and electrochemical analytical techniques. Our study revealed a complex activation step characterized by one-electron oxidation of the CTA. This oxidation is followed by mesolytic cleavage of the resulting radical cation species, which leads to the generation of a reactive cation-this species initiates the polymerization of the vinyl ether monomer-and a dithiocarbamate radical that is likely in equilibrium with the corresponding thiuram disulfide dimer. Reversible addition-fragmentation type degenerative chain transfer contributes to the narrow dispersities and control over chain growth observed under these conditions. Finally, the deactivation step is contingent upon the oxidation of the reduced photocatalyst by the dithiocarbamate radical concomitant with the production of a dithiocarbamate anion that caps the polymer chain end. The fine-tuning of the electronic properties and redox potentials of the photocatalyst in both the excited and the ground states is necessary to obtain a photocontrolled system rather than simply a photoinitiated system. The elucidation of the elementary steps of this process will aid the design of new catalytic systems and their real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luxi Shen
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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8
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Shi S, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Allonas X. Photoinitiating systems for cationic photopolymerization: Ongoing push toward long wavelengths and low light intensities. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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9
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Lecompère M, Allonas X, Maréchal D, Criqui A. Versatility of Pyrylium Salt/Vinyl Ether Initiating System for Epoxide Dual-Cure Polymerization: Kick-Starting Effect of the Coinitiator. Macromol Rapid Commun 2017; 38. [PMID: 28117522 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Pyrylium salts combined with vinyl ethers are shown to act as new versatile dual-cure initiating systems for both photochemical and thermal initiation of oxirane monomers. The combination of both possibilities allows the curing of thick samples through photoinduced frontal polymerization. On the basis of quantum calculations and photochemical experiments, some clues are given about the reaction mechanisms involved. Interestingly, a sequential kick-starting effect is observed in the presence of vinyl ether enabling the curing of oxetane monomers. Thereby, this communication presents a short overview of potential of pyrylium salts in cationic polymerization of oxiranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lecompère
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse, France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse, France
| | - David Maréchal
- Mäder Research, 130 rue de la Mer Rouge, 68200, Mulhouse, France
| | - Adrien Criqui
- Mäder Research, 130 rue de la Mer Rouge, 68200, Mulhouse, France
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10
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Maréchal D, Allonas X, Lecompère M, Criqui A. Novel Dual-Cure Initiating System for Cationic Polymerization of Epoxides. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Maréchal
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Maxime Lecompère
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Adrien Criqui
- Mäder; 130 rue de la Mer Rouge 68200 Mulhouse France
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11
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Wilkins LC, Hamilton HB, Kariuki BM, Hashmi ASK, Hansmann MM, Melen RL. Lewis acid–base 1,2-addition reactions: synthesis of pyrylium borates from en-ynoate precursors. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:5929-32. [PMID: 26435394 DOI: 10.1039/c5dt03340c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of methyl (Z)-2-alken-4-ynoates with the strong Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl) borane, B(C6F5)3, yield 2,5,6-substituted zwitterionic pyrylium borate species via an intramolecular 6-endo-dig cyclisation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewis C. Wilkins
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Hugh B. Hamilton
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - Benson M. Kariuki
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
| | - A. Stephen K. Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
- Chemistry Department
| | - Max M. Hansmann
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut
- Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg
- 69120 Heidelberg
- Germany
| | - Rebecca L. Melen
- School of Chemistry
- Main Building
- Cardiff University
- Cardiff CF10 3AT
- UK
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12
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Kolchina EF, Shelkovnikov VV. Synthesis of pyrylium salts containing a β-ketosulfonyl fragment. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428015100073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Lalevée J, Morlet-Savary F, Tehfe MA, Graff B, Fouassier JP. Photosensitized Formation of Phosphorus-Centered Radicals: Application to the Design of Photoinitiating Systems. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3008064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Mohamad Ali Tehfe
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, LRC CNRS
7228, ENSCMu-UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky,
68057 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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14
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Ali Tehfe M, El-Roz M, Lalevée J, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Fouassier JP. Bifunctional co-initiators: A new strategy for the design of efficient systems in radical photopolymerization reactions under air. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Recent applications of the (TMS)3SiH radical-based reagent. Molecules 2012; 17:527-55. [PMID: 22269866 PMCID: PMC6268903 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Revised: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article focuses on the recent applications of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as a radical-based reagent in organic chemistry. Numerous examples of the successful use of (TMS)(3)SiH in radical reductions, hydrosilylation and consecutive radical reactions are given. The use of (TMS)(3)SiH allows reactions to be carried out under mild conditions with excellent yields of products and remarkable chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity. The strategic role of (TMS)(3)SiH in polymerization is underlined with emphasis on the photo-induced radical polymerization of olefins and photo-promoted cationic polymerization of epoxides.
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16
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Pierre Fouassier J, Lalevée J. Three-component photoinitiating systems: towards innovative tailor made high performance combinations. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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17
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Tehfe MA, Gigmes D, Dumur F, Bertin D, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Lalevée J, Fouassier JP. Cationic photosensitive formulations based on silyl radical chemistry for green and red diode laser exposure. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00460c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Lalevée J, Blanchard N, Tehfe MA, Fries C, Morlet-Savary F, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP. New thioxanthone and xanthone photoinitiators based on silyl radical chemistry. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0py00392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New cleavable photoinitiators are presented. As demonstrated here, combining the thioxanthone/xanthone (or other PI skeletons) and silyl chemistries should open up a new promising direction of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace
- ENSCMu
- Mulhouse cedex
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace
- ENSCMu
- Mulhouse cedex
| | - Mohamad Ali Tehfe
- Department of Photochemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace
- ENSCMu
- Mulhouse cedex
| | - Cédric Fries
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace
- ENSCMu
- Mulhouse cedex
| | | | - Didier Gigmes
- UMR 6264 Laboratoire Chimie Provence
- Université de Provence
- Marseille cedex 20
- France
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19
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Lalevée J, Fouassier JP. Recent advances in sunlight induced polymerization: role of new photoinitiating systems based on the silyl radical chemistry. Polym Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1py00073j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Silyl radical chemistry opens new opportunities for photoinitiating systems for sunlight polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse
- Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry
- CNRS
- University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse
- Mulhouse Cedex
- France
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20
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Dworak C, Liska R. Alternative initiators for bimolecular photoinitiating systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Warrier AKS, Clennan EL. Synthesis, structural, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of 4,2′-thiopyrylogens - a novel class of sensitizers for photoinduced electron transfer reactions. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Avens HJ, Bowman CN. Mechanism of Cyclic Dye Regeneration During Eosin-Sensitized Photoinitiation in the Presence of Polymerization Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 47:6083-6094. [PMID: 20098667 DOI: 10.1002/pola.23649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A visible light photoinitiator, eosin, in combination with a tertiary amine coinitiator is found to initiate polymerization despite the presence of at least 1000-fold excess dissolved oxygen which functions as an inhibitor of radical polymerizations. Additionally, 0.4 µM eosin is able to overcome 100-fold excess (40 µM) 2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) inhibitor, initiating polymerization after only a 2 minute inhibition period. In contrast, 40 µM Irgacure-2959, a standard cleavage-type initiator, is unable to overcome even an equivalent amount of inhibitor (40 µM TEMPO). Through additional comparisons of these two initiation systems, a reaction mechanism is developed which is consistent with the kinetic data and provides an explanation for eosin's relative insensitivity to oxygen, TEMPO and other inhibitors. A cyclic mechanism is proposed in which semi-reduced eosin radicals react by disproportionation with radical inhibitors and radical intermediates in the inhibition process to regenerate eosin and effectively consume inhibitor. In behavior similar to that of eosin, rose bengal, fluorescein, and riboflavin are also found to initiate polymerization despite the presence of excess TEMPO, indicating that cyclic regeneration likely enhances the photoinitiation kinetics of many dye photosensitizers. Selection of such dye initiation systems constitutes a valuable strategy for alleviating inhibitory effects in radical polymerizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Avens
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, UCB 424, Boulder, CO 80309
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23
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El-Roz M, Lalevée J, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Mechanistic Investigation of the Silane, Germane, and Stannane Behavior When Incorporated in Type I and Type II Photoinitiators of Polymerization in Aerated Media. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma9017313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad El-Roz
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Mulhouse, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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24
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Lalevée J, Blanchard N, Chany AC, El-Roz M, Souane R, Graff B, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Silyl Radical Chemistry and Conventional Photoinitiators: A Route for the Design of Efficient Systems. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - N. Blanchard
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic
Chemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred
Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - A. C. Chany
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic
Chemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred
Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - M. El-Roz
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - R. Souane
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - B. Graff
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - X. Allonas
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - J. P. Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry,
CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093
Mulhouse Cedex, France
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25
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El-Roz M, Lalevée J, Morlet-Savary F, Allonas X, Fouassier JP. Coinitiators Based on Group 14 Elements in Photoinitiating Systems for Radical and Cationic Polymerization. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma900452x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. El-Roz
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - J. Lalevée
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - F. Morlet-Savary
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - X. Allonas
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - J. P. Fouassier
- Department of Photochemistry, CNRS, University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France
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26
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Kim D, Stansbury JW. A photo-oxidizable kinetic pathway of three-component photoinitiator systems containing porphrin dye (Zn-tpp), an electron donor and diphenyl iodonium salt. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Kim D, Scranton AB, Stansbury JW. Analysis of association constant for ground state dye-electron acceptor complex of photoinitiator systems and the association constant effect on the kinetics of visible-light-induced polymerizations. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE. PART A, POLYMER CHEMISTRY 2009; 47:1429-1439. [PMID: 20161099 PMCID: PMC2745164 DOI: 10.1002/pola.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the formation of ground state donor/acceptor complexes between xanthene dyes (rose Bengal (RB) and fluorescein (FL)) and a diphenyl iodonium salt (DPI) which is dissolved in 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) monomer. To characterize the association constant of the complex, we have suggested a new analysis model based upon the Benesi-Hildebrand model. Because the assumption of the original Benesi-Hildebrand model is that the absorption bands are due only to the presence of the complex and that the absorption by the free component is negligible; the model cannot be applied to our systems, which is a dye-based initiator system. For each dye, the molar absorptivity of the ground state complex was evaluated as a function of wavelength and this analysis confirmed the validity of the modified Benesi-Hildebrand model. In addition, we observed the RB/DPI photoinitiator system failed to produce a perceptible polymerization rate but the FL/DPI photoinitiator system provided very high rates of polymerization. Based upon the association constant for these complexes, we concluded that the observed kinetic differences arise from the different association constant values of the ground state dye-acceptor complex, resulting in back electron transfer reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkwan Kim
- University of Colorado-Denver, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Craniofacial Biology, PO Box 6511/Mail Stop 8310, Aurora, Colorado 80045
| | - Alec B. Scranton
- University of Iowa, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, 4133 Seamans Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
| | - Jeffrey W. Stansbury
- University of Colorado-Denver, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Craniofacial Biology, PO Box 6511/Mail Stop 8310, Aurora, Colorado 80045
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Kawamura K, Amemiya T, Nakai Y, Takashima M. Novel and Efficient Dye-linked Photoinitiator generating a Radical via an Intramolecular Electron-transfer Process. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2009. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.22.591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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