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Thienothiophene Scaffolds as Building Blocks for (Opto)Electronics. ORGANICS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/org3040029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Thieno[3,2-b]thiophene and isomeric thieno[2,3-b]thiophene represent fused, bicyclic and electron rich heterocycles. These small planar organic compounds belong to the remarkable family of annulated building blocks for various organic materials. The first part of this review focuses on the synthesis of the primary unsubstituted thienothiophene scaffolds. All synthetic pathways available in the literature, dating from the 19th century, are summarized. The second part is devoted to the applications of the thienothiophene-derived materials across (opto)electronics. Organic light emitting diodes, organic solar cells, organic field-effect transistors and nonlinear optics were identified as the most successful application areas of both thienothiophenes. The fundamental structure-property relationships were evaluated for each particular group of derivatives.
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R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Hi H, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA, Abdulwahid RT. Influence of Fluorine Substitution on the Optical, Thermal, Electrochemical and Structural Properties of Carbazole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternate Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2910. [PMID: 33291677 PMCID: PMC7761964 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work four novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PCDTBTDI-DMO, PCDTBTDI-8, P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8, were designed and synthesised via Suzuki polymerisation. The first two copolymers consist of 2,7-carbazole flanked by thienyl moieties as the electron donor unit and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron acceptor units. In the structures of P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8 copolymers, two fluorine atoms were incorporated at 3,6-positions of 2,7-carbazole to investigate the impact of fluorine upon the optoelectronic, structural and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. P2F-CDTBTDI-8 possesses the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,200 g mol-1) among all the polymers synthesised. PCDTBTDI-DMO and PCDTBTDI-8 show identical optical band gaps of 1.76 eV. However, the optical band gaps of fluorinated copolymers are slightly higher than non-fluorinated counterparts. All polymers have deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels. Changing the alkyl chain substituents on BTDI moieties from linear n-octyl to branched 3,7-dimethyloctyl groups as well as substituting the two hydrogen atoms at 3,6-positions of carbazole unit by fluorine atoms has negligible impact on the HOMO levels of the polymers. Similarly, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are almost comparable for all polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that all polymers have good thermal stability and also confirmed that the fluorinated copolymers have higher thermal stability relative to those non-fluorinated analogues. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Hunan Hi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - M. A. Brza
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Physics, College of Education, Old Campus, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Podlesný J, Pytela O, Klikar M, Jelínková V, Kityk IV, Ozga K, Jedryka J, Rudysh M, Bureš F. Small isomeric push-pull chromophores based on thienothiophenes with tunable optical (non)linearities. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3623-3634. [PMID: 30916108 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00487d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fourteen new D-π-A push-pull chromophores based on two isomeric thienothiophene donors and seven acceptors of various electronic natures have been designed and conveniently synthesized. In contrast to known thienothiophene push-pull molecules, the prepared small chromophores proved to be organic materials with easily tunable thermal, electrochemical and (non)linear optical properties. It has also been shown that small structural variation may result in significantly improved/varied fundamental properties. Very detailed structure-property relationships were elucidated within the systematically developed series of push-pull molecules, which may serve as a useful guide in designing new D-π-A molecules based on fused thiophene scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Podlesný
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic.
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Sannasi V, Jeyakumar D. Synthesis of Aziridinofullerene-Porphyrin Mediated by Triethyl Phosphite: Physicochemical and Electrochemical Properties. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Veeman Sannasi
- Functional Materials Division; CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630 006 India
| | - Duraisamy Jeyakumar
- Functional Materials Division; CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute; Karaikudi- 630 006 India
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Liu Y, Guo J, Luo T, Yue H, Tan R, Zhao X, Chen JK. Synthesis and luminescence properties of long-chain (2,7-carbazolyl)-adamantane copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-017-1265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sharma B, Sarothia Y, Singh R, Kan Z, Keivanidis PE, Jacob J. Synthesis and characterization of light-absorbing cyclopentadithiophene-based donor-acceptor copolymers. POLYM INT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavna Sharma
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Yameeni Sarothia
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
| | - Ranbir Singh
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology; Istituto Italiano di Technologia; Via G. Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Centre for Nano Science and Technology; Istituto Italiano di Technologia; Via G. Pascoli 70/3 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Panagiotis E Keivanidis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering; Cyprus University of Technology; Dorothea Bldg 511, 45 Kitiou Kyprianou str. 3041 Limassol Cyprus
| | - Josemon Jacob
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering; Indian Institute of Technology; Hauz Khas New Delhi 110016 India
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Bučinskas A, Volyniuk D, Danyliv Y, Grazulevicius JV, Baryshnikov G, Minaev B, Ivaniuk K, Cherpak V, Stakhira P. N-annelated perylenes as effective green emitters for OLEDs. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15075b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New carbazole-substituted N-annelated perylenes with different linking topologies of the chromophores were synthesized and their physical properties were studied with various experimental techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bučinskas
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Department of Organic Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- LT-50254 Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - D. Volyniuk
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Department of Organic Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- LT-50254 Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - Y. Danyliv
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Department of Organic Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- LT-50254 Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - J. V. Grazulevicius
- Department of Polymer Chemistry and Technology
- Department of Organic Technology
- Kaunas University of Technology
- LT-50254 Kaunas
- Lithuania
| | - G. Baryshnikov
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- 18031 Cherkassy
- Ukraine
| | - B. Minaev
- Bohdan Khmelnytsky National University
- 18031 Cherkassy
- Ukraine
| | - K. Ivaniuk
- Lviv Polytechnic National University
- 79013 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - V. Cherpak
- Lviv Polytechnic National University
- 79013 Lviv
- Ukraine
| | - P. Stakhira
- Lviv Polytechnic National University
- 79013 Lviv
- Ukraine
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Marzano G, Ciasca CV, Babudri F, Bianchi G, Pellegrino A, Po R, Farinola GM. Organometallic Approaches to Conjugated Polymers for Plastic Solar Cells: From Laboratory Synthesis to Industrial Production. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Bian L, Yang D, Yin L, Zhang J, Tang W. Carbazole-Substituted Triphenylamine and Diketopyrrolopyrrole Alternating Copolymer for Photovoltaic Cells. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Liangming Yin
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy; Zhongshan Road 457 Dalian 116023 China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials, Ministry of Education; Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing 210094 P.R. China
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Bian L, Sun G, Sun Y, Tang W. Synthesis of sterically hindered antipyrines for intramolecularcharge transfer facilitated sensing. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.2948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Linyi Bian
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China); Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing; 210094; China
| | - Gang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Chemistry (Shandong Province), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu; 273165; China
| | - Yuxi Sun
- Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Chemistry (Shandong Province), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Qufu Normal University; Qufu; 273165; China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Key Laboratory of Soft Chemistry and Functional Materials (Ministry of Education of China); Nanjing University of Science and Technology; Nanjing; 210094; China
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Data P, Lapkowski M, Motyka R, Suwinski J. Influence of alkyl chain on electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of polyselenophenes. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Bian L, Zhu E, Tang J, Tang W, Zhang F. Recent progress in the design of narrow bandgap conjugated polymers for high-efficiency organic solar cells. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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13
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Carbazole-linked porphyrin dimers for organic light emitting diodes: synthesis and initial photophysical studies. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.08.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhou J, Wan X, Liu Y, Wang F, Long G, Li C, Chen Y. Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of a Poly(2,7-carbazole) Derivative Based on Dithienosilole and Benzothiadiazole. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Xu X, Cai W, Chen J, Cao Y. Conjugated polyelectrolytes and neutral polymers with poly(2,7‐carbazole) backbone: Synthesis, characterization, and photovoltaic application. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Xu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials of MoE, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Wanzhu Cai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials of MoE, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Junwu Chen
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials of MoE, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Materials of MoE, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Reghu RR, Bisoyi HK, Grazulevicius JV, Anjukandi P, Gaidelis V, Jankauskas V. Air stable electron-transporting and ambipolar bay substituted perylene bisimides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1jm11091h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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17
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Chen H, Hu X, Ng SC. Synthesis and characterization of soluble conjugated polymers having pyrene moiety in the main chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Tsai JH, Chueh CC, Chen WC, Yu CY, Hwang GW, Ting C, Chen EC, Meng HF. New thiophene-phenylene-thiophene acceptor random conjugated copolymers for optoelectronic applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Sasano T, Sogawa H, Tamura K, Shiotsuki M, Masuda T, Sanda F. Synthesis and properties of conjugated polymers containing 3,9‐carbazolylene and silylenevinylene moieties in the main chain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Sasano
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Sogawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510, Japan
| | - Kosaku Tamura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiotsuki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510, Japan
| | - Toshio Masuda
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Fukui University of Technology, 3‐6‐1 Gakuen, Fukui 910‐8505, Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura Campus, Nishikyo‐ku, Kyoto 615‐8510, Japan
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Tang W, Singh SP, Ong KH, Chen ZK. Synthesis of thieno[3,2-b]thiophene derived conjugated oligomers for field-effect transistors applications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/b920112b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Michinobu T, Kumazawa H, Otsuki E, Usui H, Shigehara K. Synthesis and properties of nitrogen-linked poly(2,7-carbazole)s as hole-transport material for organic light emitting diodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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