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Krywko-Cendrowska A, di Leone S, Bina M, Yorulmaz-Avsar S, Palivan CG, Meier W. Recent Advances in Hybrid Biomimetic Polymer-Based Films: from Assembly to Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1003. [PMID: 32357541 PMCID: PMC7285097 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes, in addition to being a cell boundary, can host a variety of proteins that are involved in different biological functions, including selective nutrient transport, signal transduction, inter- and intra-cellular communication, and cell-cell recognition. Due to their extreme complexity, there has been an increasing interest in developing model membrane systems of controlled properties based on combinations of polymers and different biomacromolecules, i.e., polymer-based hybrid films. In this review, we have highlighted recent advances in the development and applications of hybrid biomimetic planar systems based on different polymeric species. We have focused in particular on hybrid films based on (i) polyelectrolytes, (ii) polymer brushes, as well as (iii) tethers and cushions formed from synthetic polymers, and (iv) block copolymers and their combinations with biomacromolecules, such as lipids, proteins, enzymes, biopolymers, and chosen nanoparticles. In this respect, multiple approaches to the synthesis, characterization, and processing of such hybrid films have been presented. The review has further exemplified their bioengineering, biomedical, and environmental applications, in dependence on the composition and properties of the respective hybrids. We believed that this comprehensive review would be of interest to both the specialists in the field of biomimicry as well as persons entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.-C.); (S.d.L.); (M.B.); (S.Y.-A.)
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, BPR 1096, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; (A.K.-C.); (S.d.L.); (M.B.); (S.Y.-A.)
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Seidi F, Zhao W, Xiao H, Jin Y, Saeb MR, Zhao C. Radical polymerization as a versatile tool for surface grafting of thin hydrogel films. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00787k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The surface of solid substrates is the main part that interacts with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzad Seidi
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Sci and Tech
- and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Weifeng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of New Brunswick
- Fredericton
- E3B 5A3 Canada
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Provincial Key Lab of Pulp & Paper Sci and Tech
- and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials
- Nanjing Forestry University
- Nanjing 210037
- China
| | - Mohammad Reza Saeb
- Department of Resin and Additives
- Institute for Color Science and Technology
- Tehran
- Iran
| | - Changsheng Zhao
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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3
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Polymer membranes as templates for bio-applications ranging from artificial cells to active surfaces. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang K, Gao HM, Xu D, Lu ZY. Tethering solvophilic blocks to the ends of polymer brushes: an effective method for adjusting surface patterns. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:890-900. [PMID: 30633294 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm02472c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The effect of different lengths of solvophilic A and C blocks on the assembled configuration of intermediate solvophobic B-blocks in both ABA and ABC polymer brush systems is investigated via dissipative particle dynamics simulations. For the AB diblock copolymer brush with solvophilic A-blocks being grafted to the surface, B-blocks self-assemble into spherical micelle structures that are immersed in a layer formed by the A-blocks. Tethering a very small solvophilic block A(C) at the free end of the polymer brush pulls the B-blocks toward the polymer brush/solvent interface and increases their local density which can significantly change the B-block self-assembled structure from spherical micelles to ripples. By increasing the length of the outermost solvophilic blocks, the lateral density distribution of B-blocks can be further changed, resulting in the domain size of the ripple structure first decreasing and then increasing. Compared to the ABA system, the incompatibility between the A and C blocks can effectively reduce the vertical domain separation caused by the fusion of the upper and lower A blocks. Then, based on an AB diblock copolymer brush system with self-assembled spherical micelles, we introduce extremely short free solvophilic blocks A(C) in dilute solution that can be tethered to the free ends of the polymer brush by using a reaction model [Liu et al., J. Chem. Phys., 2007, 127, 144903]. We find that the micelles' coalescence is mainly affected by the content of tethered reactive solvophilic blocks, and only weakly affected by the reaction rate of the reversible reactions. This strategy of tethering solvophilic blocks to the ends of polymer brushes can be an effective way for the fabrication of stimuli-responsive surfaces and for adjusting nanoscopic surface patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Radzevicius P, Krivorotova T, Makuska R. Synthesis by one-pot RAFT polymerization and properties of amphiphilic pentablock copolymers with repeating blocks of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl methacrylate). Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Zoppe JO, Ataman NC, Mocny P, Wang J, Moraes J, Klok HA. Surface-Initiated Controlled Radical Polymerization: State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Surface and Interface Engineering with Polymer Brushes. Chem Rev 2017; 117:1105-1318. [PMID: 28135076 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 598] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The generation of polymer brushes by surface-initiated controlled radical polymerization (SI-CRP) techniques has become a powerful approach to tailor the chemical and physical properties of interfaces and has given rise to great advances in surface and interface engineering. Polymer brushes are defined as thin polymer films in which the individual polymer chains are tethered by one chain end to a solid interface. Significant advances have been made over the past years in the field of polymer brushes. This includes novel developments in SI-CRP, as well as the emergence of novel applications such as catalysis, electronics, nanomaterial synthesis and biosensing. Additionally, polymer brushes prepared via SI-CRP have been utilized to modify the surface of novel substrates such as natural fibers, polymer nanofibers, mesoporous materials, graphene, viruses and protein nanoparticles. The last years have also seen exciting advances in the chemical and physical characterization of polymer brushes, as well as an ever increasing set of computational and simulation tools that allow understanding and predictions of these surface-grafted polymer architectures. The aim of this contribution is to provide a comprehensive review that critically assesses recent advances in the field and highlights the opportunities and challenges for future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin O Zoppe
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nariye Cavusoglu Ataman
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Piotr Mocny
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jian Wang
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - John Moraes
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères Bâtiment MXD, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , Station 12 CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Yang YL, Tsao HK, Sheng YJ. Solid-supported polymer bilayers formed by coil-coil block copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:6442-6450. [PMID: 27418114 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00741d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The formation and physical properties of solid-supported polymer bilayers (SPBs) on an adhesive substrate have been explored by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. A SPB is developed by the adsorption of vesicles formed by diblock copolymers in a selective solvent. The adsorbed vesicle can remain intact or become ruptured into a SPB, depending on the interaction between solvophobic blocks and solvent and the interaction between solvophilic blocks and the substrate. The morphological phase diagram of adsorbed vesicles is acquired. The influence of polymer adhesion strength and solvophobicity on the geometrical and mechanical properties of a SPB is systematically studied as well. It is found that vesicular disruption is easily triggered for strong adhesion strength. Moreover, for strong adhesion strength and weak solvophobicity, the fluctuation of membrane height is impeded while the area of fluctuation is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106, Republic of China.
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8
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Bansal A, Kumar A, Latha PP, Ray SS, Chatterjee AK. Expanded corn starch as a versatile material in atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of styrene and methyl methacrylate. Carbohydr Polym 2015; 130:290-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Murugan P, Krishnamurthy M, Jaisankar SN, Samanta D, Mandal AB. Controlled decoration of the surface with macromolecules: polymerization on a self-assembled monolayer (SAM). Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:3212-43. [PMID: 25839067 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00378k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer functionalized surfaces are important components of various sensors, solar cells and molecular electronic devices. In this context, the use of self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formation and subsequent reactions on the surface have attracted a lot of interest due to its stability, reliability and excellent control over orientation of functional groups. The chemical reactions to be employed on a SAM must ensure an effective functional group conversion while the reaction conditions must be mild enough to retain the structural integrity. This synthetic constraint has no universal solution; specific strategies such as "graft from", "graft to", "graft through" or "direct" immobilization approaches are employed depending on the nature of the substrate, polymer and its area of applications. We have reviewed current developments in the methodology of immobilization of a polymer in the first part of the article. Special emphasis has been given to the merits and demerits of certain methods. Another issue concerns the utility - demonstrated or perceived - of conjugated or non-conjugated macromolecules anchored on a functionally decorated SAM in the areas of material science and biotechnology. In the last part of the review article, we looked at the collective research efforts towards SAM-based polymer devices and identified major pointers of progress (236 references).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Murugan
- Polymer Division, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)-CLRI, Adyar, Chennai-600020, India.
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10
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Expanded corn starch a novel material as macroinitiator/solid support in SI and AGET ATRP: GMA polymerization. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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12
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Kowal J, Zhang X, Dinu IA, Palivan CG, Meier W. Planar Biomimetic Membranes Based on Amphiphilic Block Copolymers. ACS Macro Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/mz400590c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Kowal
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ionel Adrian Dinu
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Chemistry Department, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Elizabeth Welch
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14850
| | - Christopher K. Ober
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14850
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Baek S, Green R, Granville A, Martens P, Poole-Warren L. Thin film hydrophilic electroactive polymer coatings for bioelectrodes. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:3803-3810. [PMID: 32261133 DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20152j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hybrids of conducting polymers (CPs) and hydrogels have been explored as soft electroactive coatings for improving the mechanical and electrical performance of metallic implant electrodes. However, hydrogel fabrication methods pose a significant challenge to producing thin (sub-micron) coatings, resulting in bulky implants, which displace a large volume of tissue. To address this issue, polymer brushes of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) were covalently bound to a gold electrode using surface initiated atom-transfer radical-polymerization (SI-ATRP). The CP poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was electropolymersied through the brush layer to form a thin hydrophilic coating. The electrical properties of the hybrid were shown to be superior to homogenous CPs and the surface chemistry was varied as a function of PEDOT deposition time to present a graded composition of pHEMA and PEDOT. The resulting material was shown to support the attachment and differentiation of model neural cells, signifying the potential of these hybrid coatings for bioelectrode applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungchul Baek
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Xu J, Yin Y, Wang Z, Jiang R, Li B, Shi AC. Self-assembled morphologies of ABA triblock copolymer brushes in selective solvents. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:114905. [PMID: 23534660 DOI: 10.1063/1.4795578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A simulated annealing method is used to investigate the self-assembled morphologies of symmetric ABA triblock copolymer brushes, formed by one end of the A-blocks tethered onto a planar surface, immersed in a solvent selective for the middle B-blocks. The morphological dependences of the brushes on polymer grafting density and block lengths are investigated systematically. Phase diagrams for systems with different grafting densities are constructed. The simulation results show that the grafted amphiphilic triblock copolymers can self-assemble to form a variety of complicated morphologies which can be classified in terms of the number of A-rich layers in the morphology. In particular, the formation of the structures with one A-rich layer or called "folded" brush structures is consistent with the speculation from the experimental studies of ABA triblock copolymer brushes. More detailed structures depend on the grafting density and the lengths of the blocks. Furthermore, at a high grafting density, the effects of the lengths of blocks and the interaction energies between different species in the system on the conformation of chains are investigated to illustrate the formation mechanisms of self-assembled morphologies of the amphiphilic triblock copolymer brushes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Xu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Zhang X, Fu W, Palivan CG, Meier W. Natural channel protein inserts and functions in a completely artificial, solid-supported bilayer membrane. Sci Rep 2013; 3:2196. [PMID: 23846807 PMCID: PMC3709162 DOI: 10.1038/srep02196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstitution of membrane proteins in artificial membrane systems creates a platform for exploring their potential for pharmacological or biotechnological applications. Previously, we demonstrated amphiphilic block copolymers as promising building blocks for artificial membranes with long-term stability and tailorable structural parameters. However, the insertion of membrane proteins has not previously been realized in a large-area, stable, and solid-supported artificial membrane. Here, we show the first, preliminary model of a channel membrane protein that is functionally incorporated in a completely artificial polymer, tethered, solid-supported bilayer membrane (TSSBM). Unprecedented ionic transport characteristics that differ from previous results on protein insertion into planar, free-standing membranes, are identified. Our findings mark a change in understanding protein insertion and ion flow within natural channel proteins when inserted in an artificial TSSBM, thus holding great potential for numerous applications such as drug screening, trace analyzing, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Wangyang Fu
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Cornelia G. Palivan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Meier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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17
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Planar biomimetic aquaporin-incorporated triblock copolymer membranes on porous alumina supports for nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Zhong PS, Chung TS, Jeyaseelan K, Armugam A. Aquaporin-embedded biomimetic membranes for nanofiltration. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Liu Y, Young MC, Moshe O, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. A Membrane-Bound Synthetic Receptor that Promotes Growth of a Polymeric Coating at the Bilayer-Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201202635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Liu Y, Young MC, Moshe O, Cheng Q, Hooley RJ. A Membrane-Bound Synthetic Receptor that Promotes Growth of a Polymeric Coating at the Bilayer-Water Interface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:7748-51. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201202635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Revised: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Zhang X, Tanner P, Graff A, Palivan CG, Meier W. Mimicking the cell membrane with block copolymer membranes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gong ZL, Tang DY, Guo YD. The fabrication and self-flocculation effect of hybrid TiO2 nanoparticles grafted with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) at ambient temperature via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2jm32168h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Dorn J, Belegrinou S, Kreiter M, Sinner EK, Meier W. Planar Block Copolymer Membranes by Vesicle Spreading. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:514-25. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2010] [Revised: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Belegrinou S, Malinova V, Masciadri R, Meier W. Efficient Two-Step Synthesis of 11,11′-Dithiobis[1-(2-bromo-2-methylpropionyloxy)undecane], a Conventional Initiator for Grafting Polymer Brushes from Gold Surfaces via ATRP. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910903350008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Serena Belegrinou
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - Violeta Malinova
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolfgang Meier
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Basel , Basel, Switzerland
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Wang W, Cao H, Zhu G, Wang P. A facile strategy to modify TiO
2
nanoparticles via surface‐initiated ATRP of styrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengming Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Guojun Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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Yu YY, Tian F, Wei C, Wang CC. Facile synthesis of triple-stimuli (photo/pH/thermo) responsive copolymers of 2-diazo-1,2-naphthoquinone-mediated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-hydroxymethylacrylamide). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.23357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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