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Butnaru I, Damaceanu MD. The Synergistic Effect of Triazine and Phosphaphenanthrene Units on the Physico-Chemical Behavior of Polyimides. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104072. [PMID: 37241813 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
With the aim to develop polymers with appealing, multifunctional characteristics, a series of polyimides were designed by anchoring 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO) units on the main polymer chains containing 1,3,5-triazine and several flexible moieties, such as ether, hexafluoroisopropylidene, or isopropylidene. A detailed study was conducted to establish structure-property correlations, with a focus on the synergistic effectiveness of triazine and DOPO moieties on the overall features of polyimides. The results evidenced good solubility of the polymers in organic solvents, their amorphous nature with short-range regular-packed polymer chains, and high thermal stability with no glass transition temperature below 300 °C. Spectrophotometric measurements revealed the existence of a strong charge transfer complex in these polymers that led to a "black" appearance, which generated broad absorption bands spanning on the overall visible range. Nevertheless, these polymers displayed green light emission associated with 1,3,5-triazine emitter. The electrochemical characteristics of the polyimides in solid state demonstrated their strong n-type doping character induced by three different structural elements with electron-acceptance capability. The useful properties of these polyimides, including optical, thermal, electrochemical, aesthetics, and opaqueness, endow them with several possible applications in the microelectronic field, such as protecting layers for the inner circuits against UV light deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Butnaru
- Electroactive Polymers and Plasmochemistry Laboratory, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana-Dana Damaceanu
- Electroactive Polymers and Plasmochemistry Laboratory, "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Aleea Gr. Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
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Ghorai A, Roy S, Das S, Komber H, Ghangrekar MM, Voit B, Banerjee S. Preparation of Sulfonated Polytriazoles with a Phosphaphenanthrene Unit via Click Polymerization: Fabrication of Membranes and Properties Thereof. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.1c00600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hartmut Komber
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Strasse. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Butnaru I, Bruma M, Gaan S. Phosphine oxide based polyimides: structure–property relationships. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI flame retardance has been influenced by the variation of flexible segments leading to a reduction of THR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Butnaru
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers
- Empa
| | - Maria Bruma
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | - Sabyasachi Gaan
- Laboratory for Advanced Fibers
- Empa
- Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology
- St. Gallen 9014
- Switzerland
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Hsiao SH, Hsiao YH, Kung YR. Synthesis and characterization of new redox-active and electrochromic polyimides with (4-morpholinyl)triphenylamine units. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Hsiao SH, Lin JY. Synthesis and electrochromic properties of novel aromatic fluorinated poly(ether-imide)s bearing anthraquinone units. J Fluor Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Reaction of arylenedioxytrihalophosphoranes with acetylenes 12. Alkylacetylenes in the reaction with 2,2,2-trihalobenzo-1,3,2-dioxaphospholes. Russ Chem Bull 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-014-0409-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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7
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Nasibullin IO, Nemtarev AV, Mironov VF. Chemoselectivity of the reaction of 2-chloro-4(5)-(dichlorophosphoryloxy)-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphole 2-oxides with phosphorus pentachloride. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428014040289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Toiserkani H. Synthesis and Characterization of Soluble and Thermally Stable Poly(ether–imide–urea)s. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2014. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20130330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Toiserkani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences and College of Oil Engineering, Hormozgan University
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Synthesis and optoelectronic properties of polyimides with naphthyldiphenylamine chromophores. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-014-0407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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10
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Wang HM, Hsiao SH. Substituent effects on electrochemical and electrochromic properties of aromatic polyimides with 4-(carbazol-9-yl)triphenylamine moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei 10608 Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology; National Taipei University of Technology; Taipei 10608 Taiwan
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11
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Lin CH, Huang CM, Wang MW, Dai SA, Chang HC, Juang TY. Synthesis of a phosphinated acetoxybenzoic acid and its application in enhancing T
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and flame retardancy of poly(ethylene terephthalate). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Chu Ming Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Meng Wei Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Shenghong A. Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Hou Chien Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Chung Hsing University; Taichung Taiwan
| | - Tzong Yuan Juang
- Department of Applied Chemistry; National Chiayi University; Chiayi Taiwan
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12
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Synthesis and electrochromic properties of aromatic polyetherimides based on a triphenylamine-dietheramine monomer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Lin CH, Chang SL, Fang YT, Chou MH. Electron-withdrawing/donating effects of substituents on the preparation of phosphinated 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane for soluble, anti-oxidative, and high-Tg polyimides. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008311429875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we reveal a strategy to prepare a phosphinated 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 1,1-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1-(6-oxido-6H-dibenz <c, e<,2> oxaphosphorin-6-yl)methane (3). During the preparation, it was found that the effect of the electron withdrawing/donating characteristic of substituents is crucial to the synthesis. A reaction mechanism including nucleophilic addition, reduction, and electrophilic substitution is proposed. Based on diamine (3), a series of polyimides (4a–4d) were prepared. Polyimides 4 are readily soluble in some organic solvents, and can be solution cast into flexible and foldable films. They show high Tg (310–390°C), high moduli (3.34–4.63 GPa), moderate coefficient of thermal expansion (46–58 ppm °C−1), good anti-oxidative stability ( Td 5%: 480–537°C (N2); 456–504°C (air)), and good flame retardancy (VTM V-0 rating).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng Lung Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Ting Fang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ming Hsien Chou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Chang HC, Chang SL, Lin CH, Chen SW. Design and synthesis of unsymmetric phosphinated diamines for high-Tg, transparent polyimides. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Wang PJ, Lin CH, Chang SL, Shih SJ. Facile, efficient synthesis of a phosphinated hydroxyl diamine and properties of its high-performance poly(hydroxyl imides) and polyimide–SiO2 hybrids. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Toiserkani H. Synthesis and evaluation of properties of novel aromatic poly(ether-imide) with benzazole pendent groups and flexible ether linkages. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008311421988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Three types of new bis(ether-amine) monomers such as 5-(2-benzimidazole)-1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (3), 5-(2-benzoxazole)-1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (4), and 5-(2-benzothiazole)-1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (5) were prepared in three steps, starting from the reaction of 3,5-dihydroxybenzioc acid with 4-fluronitrobenzene in N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by catalytic reduction of the intermediate dinitro-carboxylic acids, and subsequent condensation of the resulting diamino-carboxylic acids and 1,2-phenylenediamine, 2-aminophenol or 2-aminothiophenol in polyphosphoric acid (PPA), respectively. Three series of modified poly(ether-imide)s (PEIs) bearing pendent benzimidazole, benzoxazole or benzothiazole groups were prepared from the bis(ether-amine)s with dianhydrides by a conventional two-stage process that included ring-opening polycondensation forming the poly(amic acid)s (PAA) and further thermal or chemical imidization forming poly(ether-imide)s. For comparative purposes, reference poly(ether-imide)s were also prepared by reacting bis(ether-amine) lacking pendent groups namely 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene (6) with the same dianhydrides under similar conditions. The modified polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities between 0.52 and 0.83 dL g−1. Experimental results indicated that all the PEIs had glass transition temperature between 221 and 283 °C, the decomposition temperature at 10% weight loss between 480 and 572 °C under nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojjat Toiserkani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
- College of Oil Engineering, Hormozgan University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Hsiao SH, Wang HM, Chen WJ, Lee TM, Leu CM. Synthesis and properties of novel triptycene-based polyimides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kung Y, Lee W, Hsiao S, Liou G. New polyimides incorporated with diphenylpyrenylamine unit as fluorophore and redox‐chromophore. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Chun Kung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen‐Fu Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sheng‐Huei Hsiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guey‐Sheng Liou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Lin CH, Chang SL, Cheng PW. Dietheramine from an alkaline-stable phosphinated bisphenol for soluble polyetherimides. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Soluble high-T
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polyetherimides with good flame retardancy based on an asymmetric phosphinated etherdiamine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hsiao SH, Guo W, Chung CL, Chen WT. Synthesis and characterization of novel fluorinated polyimides derived from 1,3-bis(4-amino-2-trifluoromethylphenoxy)naphthalene and aromatic dianhydrides. Eur Polym J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2010.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lin CH, Chang SL, Peng LA, Peng SP, Chuang YH. Organo-soluble phosphinated polyimides from asymmetric diamines. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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