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Chenab KK, Malektaj H, Nadinlooie AAR, Mohammadi S, Zamani-Meymian MR. Intertumoral and intratumoral barriers as approaches for drug delivery and theranostics to solid tumors using stimuli-responsive materials. Mikrochim Acta 2024; 191:541. [PMID: 39150483 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-024-06583-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The solid tumors provide a series of biological barriers in cellular microenvironment for designing drug delivery methods based on advanced stimuli-responsive materials. These intertumoral and intratumoral barriers consist of perforated endotheliums, tumor cell crowding, vascularity, lymphatic drainage blocking effect, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, hypoxia, and acidosis. Triggering opportunities have been drawn for solid tumor therapies based on single and dual stimuli-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) that not only improved drug targeting in deeper sites of the tumor microenvironments, but also facilitated the antitumor drug release efficiency. Single and dual stimuli-responsive materials which are known for their lowest side effects can be categorized in 17 main groups which involve to internal and external stimuli anticancer drug carriers in proportion to microenvironments of targeted solid tumors. Development of such drug carriers can circumvent barriers in clinical trial studies based on their superior capabilities in penetrating into more inaccessible sites of the tumor tissues. In recent designs, key characteristics of these DDSs such as fast response to intracellular and extracellular factors, effective cytotoxicity with minimum side effect, efficient permeability, and rate and location of drug release have been discussed as core concerns of designing paradigms of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khanmohammadi Chenab
- Department of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Iran
- Department of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Malektaj
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
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Dang LH, Vu NQ, Nguyen TT, Do THT, Pham TKT, Tran NQ. Thermally-responsive and reduced glutathione-sensitive folate-targeted nanocarrier based on alginate and pluronic F127 for on-demand release of methotrexate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130227. [PMID: 38378121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
A specific rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-microenvironment-triggered nanocarrier for RA treatment of a first-line antirheumatic drug (Methotrexate, MTX) has been proposed. Reduced glutathione (GSH) responsivity, cystamine, was first introduced on the alginate backbone, which was then used as the bridge to connect pluronic F127 (temperature-responsive factor) and folic acid (targeting factor for active immune cells), resulting in dual-responsive triggered targeting carrier, PCAC-FA. In vitro study demonstrated that PCAC-FA was preferentially taken up by activated macrophage cells rather than normal ones, suggesting the targeting of PCAC-FA to inflamed tissue. The loading capacity of the designed carrier was 21.23 ± 0.91 %. MTX from the PCAC-FA carrier was significantly accelerated release in the presentation of glutathione or in cold shock condition, proposing the efficacy-controlled release. MTX@PCAC-FA showed excellent hemocompatibility, confirming a suitable application with parenteral administration. Notably, the acute and subacute toxicity in the mice model showed that the toxicity of MTX had significantly reduced after encapsulating in the PCAC-FA carrier. These nanoplatforms not only provide an alternative safe strategy for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with MTX but also deliver MTX selectively and provide on-demand drug release via external and internal signals, thus emerging as a promising therapeutic option for precise RA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Hang Dang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam; Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam.
| | - Nhu Quynh Vu
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam; School of Medicine -, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy Tien Nguyen
- Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam; School of Medicine -, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Hong Tuoi Do
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thi Kim Tram Pham
- Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc Quyen Tran
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam; Institute of Applied Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, HCMC, Viet Nam.
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Isaacson KJ, Jensen MM, Steinhauff DB, Kirklow JE, Mohammadpour R, Grunberger JW, Cappello J, Ghandehari H. Location of stimuli-responsive peptide sequences within silk-elastinlike protein-based polymers affects nanostructure assembly and drug-polymer interactions. J Drug Target 2020; 28:766-779. [PMID: 32306773 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2020.1757099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs) self-assemble into nanostructures when designed with appropriate silk-to-elastin ratios. Here, we investigate the effect of insertion of a matrix metalloproteinase-responsive peptide sequence, GPQGIFGQ, into various locations within the SELP backbone on supramolecular self-assembly. Insertion of the hydrophilic, enzyme-degradable sequence into the elastin repeats allows the formation of dilution-stable nanostructures, while insertion into the hydrophobic silk motifs inhibited self-assembly. The SELP assemblies retained their lower critical solution temperature (LCST) thermal response, allowing up to eightfold volumetric changes due to temperature-induced size change. A model hydrophobic drug was incorporated into SELP nanoassemblies utilising a combination of precipitation, incubation and tangential flow filtration. While the nanoconstructs degraded in response to MMP activity, drug release kinetics was independent of MMP concentration. Drug release modelling suggests that release is driven by rates of water penetration into the SELP nanostructures and drug dissolution. In vitro testing revealed that SELP nanoassemblies reduced the immunotoxic and haemolytic side effects of doxorubicin in human blood while maintaining its cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Isaacson
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - M Martin Jensen
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Douglas B Steinhauff
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - James E Kirklow
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Raziye Mohammadpour
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jason W Grunberger
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Joseph Cappello
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Hamidreza Ghandehari
- Utah Center for Nanomedicine, Nano Institute of Utah, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Petruš J, Kučera F, Jančář J. Online monitoring of reactive compatiblization of poly(lactic acid)/polyamide 6 blend with different compatibilizers. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Petruš
- Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials ChemistryBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - František Kučera
- Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials ChemistryBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
| | - Josef Jančář
- Central European Institute of TechnologyBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova 656/123 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Materials ChemistryBrno University of Technology, Purkyňova 464/118 612 00 Brno Czech Republic
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Zhao M, Liu N, Zhao RH, Zhang PF, Li SN, Yue Y, Deng KL. Facile Synthesis and Properties of Multifunctionalized Polyesters by Passerini Reaction as Thermosensitive, Biocompatible, and Triggerable Drug Release Carriers. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1714-1723. [PMID: 35026906 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Rong-Hui Zhao
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Peng-Fei Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Sheng-Nan Li
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ying Yue
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Kui-Lin Deng
- College of Chemistry & Environmental Science, Affiliated Hospital, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
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El-Sawy HS, Al-Abd AM, Ahmed TA, El-Say KM, Torchilin VP. Stimuli-Responsive Nano-Architecture Drug-Delivery Systems to Solid Tumor Micromilieu: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10636-10664. [PMID: 30335963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment characteristics of solid tumors, renowned as barriers that harshly impeded many drug-delivery approaches, were precisely studied, investigated, categorized, divided, and subdivided into a complex diverse of barriers. These categories were further studied with a particular perspective, which makes all barriers found in solid-tumor micromilieu turn into different types of stimuli, and were considered triggers that can increase and hasten drug-release targeting efficacy. This review gathers data concerning the nature of solid-tumor micromilieu. Past research focused on the treatment of such tumors, the recent efforts employed for engineering smart nanoarchitectures with the utilization of the specified stimuli categories, the possibility of combining more than one stimuli for much-greater targeting enhancement, examples of the approved nanoarchitectures that already translated clinically as well as the obstacles faced by the use of these nanostructures, and, finally, an overview of the possible future implementations of smart-chemical engineering for the design of more-efficient drug delivery and theranostic systems and for making nanosystems with a much-higher level of specificity and penetrability features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S El-Sawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Cairo 63514 , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Gulf Medical University , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division , National Research Centre , Giza 12622 , Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11651 , Egypt
| | - Khalid M El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11651 , Egypt
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , 140 The Fenway, Room 211/214, 360 Huntington Aveue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Gandhi A, Paul A, Sen SO, Sen KK. Studies on thermoresponsive polymers: Phase behaviour, drug delivery and biomedical applications. Asian J Pharm Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2014.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Espeel P, Du Prez FE. One-pot multi-step reactions based on thiolactone chemistry: A powerful synthetic tool in polymer science. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ma Y, Jiang X, Zhuo R. Biodegradable and thermosensitive micelles of amphiphilic polyaspartamide derivatives containing aromatic groups for drug delivery. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Xulin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
| | - Renxi Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry, Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 People's Republic of China
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Dual and multi-stimuli responsive polymeric nanoparticles for programmed site-specific drug delivery. Biomaterials 2013; 34:3647-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 999] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Goldmann AS, Glassner M, Inglis AJ, Barner-Kowollik C. Post-Functionalization of Polymers via Orthogonal Ligation Chemistry. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:810-49. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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12
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Cheng R, Meng F, Deng C, Zhong Z. Reduction-sensitive Nanosystems for Active Intracellular Drug Delivery. SMART MATERIALS FOR DRUG DELIVERY 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849736800-00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The past several years have witnessed explosive progress in reduction-sensitive nanosystems that are stable under physiological conditions, but rapidly destabilized under a reducing environment for “active” intra-cellular drug delivery. The uniqueness of the disulfide chemistry has enabled versatile design of smart nanosystems ranging from reduction-sensitive degradable micelles, polymersomes, nanogels and capsules to nanoparticles. This superior intra-cellular drug release approach has been shown to significantly enhance drug efficacy, overcome multi-drug resistance (MDR) and/or reduce drug- and carrier-associated side effects. In vivo studies have demonstrated that reduction-sensitive reversibly cross-linked nanosystems result in enhanced stability, longer circulation time, improved tumor-targetability and better therapeutic outcomes as compared to the non-cross-linked controls as well as to free drugs. It is anticipated that reduction-sensitive nanosystems will play a relevant role in the arena of targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Cheng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
| | - Fenghua Meng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
| | - Chao Deng
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhong
- Biomedical Polymers Laboratory, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 P. R. China
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Wei H, Zhuo RX, Zhang XZ. Design and development of polymeric micelles with cleavable links for intracellular drug delivery. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 409] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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14
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Huang X, Jiang X, Yang Q, Chu Y, Zhang G, Yang B, Zhuo R. Triple-stimuli (pH/thermo/reduction) sensitive copolymers for intracellular drug delivery. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:1860-1868. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb00424d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Jin R, Lou B, Lin C. Tyrosinase-mediated in situ
forming hydrogels from biodegradable chondroitin sulfate-tyramine conjugates. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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16
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Jiang X, Li L, Liu J, Hennink WE, Zhuo R. Facile Fabrication of Thermo-Responsive and Reduction-Sensitive Polymeric Micelles for Anticancer Drug Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2012; 12:703-11. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Delaittre G, Pauloehrl T, Bastmeyer M, Barner-Kowollik C. Acrylamide-Based Copolymers Bearing Photoreleasable Thiols for Subsequent Thiol–Ene Functionalization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202670d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Delaittre
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell-
und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Thomas Pauloehrl
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Martin Bastmeyer
- Zoologisches Institut, Zell-
und Neurobiologie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Haid-und-Neu-Str. 9, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative
Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Center for Functional Nanostructures
(CFN), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Wolfgang-Gaede-Str. 1a, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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Glutathione-responsive nano-vehicles as a promising platform for targeted intracellular drug and gene delivery. J Control Release 2011; 152:2-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1050] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 01/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Verheyen E, Delain-Bioton L, van der Wal S, el Morabit N, Barendregt A, Hennink WE, van Nostrum CF. Conjugation of methacrylamide groups to a model protein via a reducible linker for immobilization and subsequent triggered release from hydrogels. Macromol Biosci 2010; 10:1517-26. [PMID: 20824693 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201000168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2010] [Revised: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient strategy is reported to introduce methacrylamide groups on the lysine residues of a model protein (lysozyme) for immobilization and triggered release from a hydrogel network. A novel spacer unit was designed, containing a disulfide bond, such that the release of the protein can be triggered by reduction. The modified proteins were characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, titration of free NH(2) residues and spectral analysis. The modification reaction is well controlled, and the number of introduced functions can be tailored by changing the reaction conditions. Gel electrophoresis experiments showed that the methacrylamide modified protein can be immobilized in a polyacrylamide hydrogel and subsequently released by reduction of the spacer by which the protein was grafted to the polymeric network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Verheyen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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