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Synthesis, photophysical properties, and computational studies of benzothiadiazole and/or phenothiazine based donor/acceptor π-conjugated copolymers. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02621-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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El-Shehawy AA, Attia AM, Abdallah ARIA, El-Hendawy MM. Synthesis, characterization, photophysical properties, and computational studies on N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine based π-conjugated copolymers. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320988757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, π-conjugated copolymers, namely N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine/phenyl/benzothiadiazole, N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine/phenyl/9,9-dihexylfluorene, and N-hexylphenothiazine/cyanopyridine/phenyl/9,9-diethylhexylfluorene were readily synthesized via Pd-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The polymer structures and their photophysical properties were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, GPC, TGA, XRD, UV-vis absorption and PL spectroscopy measurements. The coupling agent effect on photophysical properties of copolymers was investigated to rationally design polymers with particular physical properties to be employed in optoelectronic devices. The UV-vis absorption spectroscopy of copolymers showed λmax at a range of ∼334–474 nm and red-shifted in their films to a range of ∼342–381 nm. These copolymers displayed highly intense fluorescence in their solutions and films. The PL spectra of copolymers indicated red and near-infrared light, rendering them a prospect for being red and near-infrared light-emitting materials for PLEDs. XRD analysis demonstrated a d-spacing range of ∼3.79–4.32 Å, reflecting π-π stacking and some degree of crystallinity in some polymers, and only P1 and P2 showed peaks in the small-angle region, indicating lamellar structures. To understand the relationship between molecular structures of target materials and their photophysical and photovoltaic properties, density functional theory (DFT) and its time-dependent form (TD-DFT) were employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf A El-Shehawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Adel M Attia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | | | - Morad M El-Hendawy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Kharga, Egypt
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Mansourian SH, Shahhosseini S, Maleki A. A Deep Analytical Study in the Oxidation Polymerization Desulfurization Process Using a Keggin-Type Polyoxometalate Catalyst: Characterization of Solid and Liquid Products. RUSS J APPL CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070427219090155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bishnoi S, Milton MD, Paul TK, Pal AK, Taraphder S. Small Nonplanar Phenothiazine-5
-oxide-Based Molecules: Structural Characterization, Photophysical, Thermal and Computational Studies. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Swati Bishnoi
- Department of Chemistry; University of Delhi; Delhi 110 007 India
| | | | - Tanmoy Kumar Paul
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
| | - Arun Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
| | - Srabani Taraphder
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology; Kharagpur 721 302 India
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Ghorpade RV, Thorave AK, Rajan CR, Chavan NN, Ponrathnam S. Synthesis and characterization of thermally stable polyimides with a pendent phenothiazine unit based on new diamine 10-(3,5-diaminobenzoyl)phenothiazine. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008314568877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A novel diamine 10-(3,5-diaminobenzoyl)phenothiazine (DBPT) with a side chain containing phenothiazine unit was synthesized. A new family of polyimides (PIs) containing phenothiazine unit in the side chains has been successfully synthesized by direct polycondensation of DBPT with pyromellitic dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′-benzophenone tertacarboxylic dianhydride, and 4,4′-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODA) via a conventional two-step chemical imidization process. The yield of polymers was good enough, which were soluble in most organic solvents. The molecular orbital energy gaps, thermal stability, and crystallinity of PIs were investigated by molecular modeling, thermogravimetric analysis, and wide-angle X-ray scattering, respectively. Thermal properties of polymers were good enough to permit the use of these PIs in various applications; only 49% weight loss is detected at 900°C in nitrogen atmosphere. X-Ray diffraction clearly reveals the amorphous nature of PIs. A quantum modeling study (density functional theory) has shown the influence of dianhydride structure on the energy difference of highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra V. Ghorpade
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Asmita K. Thorave
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - C. R. Rajan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nayaku N. Chavan
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - S. Ponrathnam
- Polymer Science and Engineering Division, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Yun DH, Yoo HS, Seong KH, Lim JH, Park YS, Wo JW. Synthesis, Photovoltaic Properties and Side-chain Effect of Copolymer Containing Phenothiazine and 2,1,3-Benzothiadiazole. APPLIED CHEMISTRY FOR ENGINEERING 2014. [DOI: 10.14478/ace.2014.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ogaki T, Ohta E, Yamamoto A, Sato H, Mizuno K, Ikeda H. One-pot photochemical synthesis of novel thienobis[1]benzothiophene with an angularly-fused structure that promotes unique intermolecular S⋯S contacts in the crystalline state. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.05.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thériault KD, Sutherland TC. Optical and electrochemical properties of ethynylaniline derivatives of phenothiazine, phenothiazine-5-oxide and phenothiazine-5,5-dioxide. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:12266-74. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp00678j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Modifications in the sulfur oxidation state of phenothiazine results in dramatic changes to the excited-state geometry with little effect on the HOMO energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim D. Thériault
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Calgary
- Calgary Alberta, Canada
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Golriz AA, Kaule T, Untch MB, Kolman K, Berger R, Gutmann JS. Redox active polymer brushes with phenothiazine moieties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:2485-2494. [PMID: 23406201 DOI: 10.1021/am302869d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated two different concepts to synthesize redox active polymer brushes using surface initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). This polymerization technique allows the synthesis of well-defined grafted polymer brushes. In the initial step the surface was functionalized with a self-assembling monolayer of the SI-ATRP starter. Then, polymer brushes carrying phenothiazine moieties were grafted from the surface via SI-ATRP. The first concept consists of polymerizing monomers with phenothiazine pendant moieties to directly incorporate the redox functionality as side group in the growing polymer brush. The second concept consists of using grafted activated ester brushes which are functionalized with phenothiazine redox moieties in a successive reaction step. The electrochemical properties of the grafted redox active brushes were examined by cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the surface morphology and the chemical composition of the polymer brushes were characterized using scanning force microscopy (SFM), X-ray techniques, and UV/vis spectroscopy. Apart from their redox behavior, the synthesized brushes revealed increased mechanical stability on the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Golriz
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
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Elkassih SA, Sista P, Magurudeniya HD, Papadimitratos A, Zakhidov AA, Biewer MC, Stefan MC. Phenothiazine Semiconducting Polymer for Light-Emitting Diodes. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim CY, Park JG, Lee MJ, Kwon SK, Kim JH, Shin SC, Kim YH. Poly(1,4-bis((E)-2-(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)vinyl)benzene) for Solution Processable Organic Thin Film Transistor. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2012.33.5.1659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou W, Wen Y, Ma L, Liu Y, Zhan X. Conjugated Polymers of Rylene Diimide and Phenothiazine for n-Channel Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3005058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yugeng Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lanchao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences and CAS Key Laboratory
of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Stagnaro P, Panizza M, Gandini A, Prevosto D, Lucchesi M. Unravelling the detailed microstructure of a semiconducting (quasi-metal) soluble polymer incorporating conjugated thienylene methine sequences. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Choi YS, Lee WH, Kim JR, Lee SK, Shin WS, Moon SJ, Park JW, Kang IN. Synthesis and Characterization of Quinoxaline-Based Thiophene Copolymers as Photoactive Layers in Organic Photovoltaic Cells. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.2.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee MJ, Kang MS, Shin MK, Park JW, Chung DS, Park CE, Kwon SK, Kim YH. Synthesis and characterization of poly(1,4-bis((E)-2-(3-dodecylthiophen-2-yl)vinyl)benzene) derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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