1
|
Lin JT, Lalevee J, Cheng DC. A Critical Review for Synergic Kinetics and Strategies for Enhanced Photopolymerizations for 3D-Printing and Additive Manufacturing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2325. [PMID: 34301082 PMCID: PMC8309579 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synergic features and enhancing strategies for various photopolymerization systems are reviewed by kinetic schemes and the associated measurements. The important topics include (i) photo crosslinking of corneas for the treatment of corneal diseases using UVA-light (365 nm) light and riboflavin as the photosensitizer; (ii) synergic effects by a dual-function enhancer in a three-initiator system; (iii) synergic effects by a three-initiator C/B/A system, with electron-transfer and oxygen-mediated energy-transfer pathways; (iv) copper-complex (G1) photoredox catalyst in G1/Iod/NVK systems for free radical (FRP) and cationic photopolymerization (CP); (v) radical-mediated thiol-ene (TE) photopolymerizations; (vi) superbase photogenerator based-catalyzed thiol-acrylate Michael (TM) addition reaction; and the combined system of TE and TM using dual wavelength; (vii) dual-wavelength (UV and blue) controlled photopolymerization confinement (PC); (viii) dual-wavelength (UV and red) selectively controlled 3D printing; and (ix) three-wavelength selectively controlled in 3D printing and additive manufacturing (AM). With minimum mathematics, we present (for the first time) the synergic features and enhancing strategies for various systems of multi-components, initiators, monomers, and under one-, two-, and three-wavelength light. Therefore, this review provides not only the bridging between modeling and measurements, but also guidance for further experimental studies and new applications in 3D printings and additive manufacturing (AM), based on the innovative concepts (kinetics/schemes).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Teng Lin
- New Vision Inc., 10F, No. 55, Sect.3, Xinbei Blvd, Xinzhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan
| | - Jacques Lalevee
- CNRS, IS2M UMR 7361, Université de Haute-Alsace, F-68100 Mulhouse, France;
| | - Da-Chun Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ley C, IShak A, Metral B, Brendlé J, Allonas X. Tailoring a hybrid three-component photoinitiating system for 3D printing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:20507-20514. [PMID: 32966421 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03153d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In the field of additive manufacturing DLP vat technologies are promising 3D printing techniques. The need of highly efficient photoiniating systems drives us to the development of photocyclic 3-component initiators. In order to improve the 3D printing sensitivity, we present in this paper the use of synthesized clay to tune up the photochemistry underlying the initiating radical production. Therefore, a three-component initiating system, based on a cationic dye, two coinitiators and with a clay filler suitable for DLP 3D printing of acrylate resins leading to high quality of parts and low printing time, is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ley
- LPIM, UHA, 3b rue A. Werner, 68200 Mulhouse, France.
| | - A IShak
- LPIM, UHA, 3b rue A. Werner, 68200 Mulhouse, France.
| | - B Metral
- LPIM, UHA, 3b rue A. Werner, 68200 Mulhouse, France.
| | - J Brendlé
- IS2M, CNRS UMR 7361, 15 Rue Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - X Allonas
- LPIM, UHA, 3b rue A. Werner, 68200 Mulhouse, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kabatc J, Iwińska K, Balcerak A, Kwiatkowska D, Skotnicka A, Czech Z, Bartkowiak M. Onium salts improve the kinetics of photopolymerization of acrylate activated with visible light. RSC Adv 2020; 10:24817-24829. [PMID: 35517455 PMCID: PMC9055187 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03818k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim was study the influence of onium salts on the kinetics of photopolymerization in the visible light region. Trimethylolpropane triacrylate TMPTA was selected as a monomer, and activated by 1,3-bis(phenylamino)squaraine (SQ) used as a photosensitizer in addition to tetramethylammonium n-butyltriphenylborate (B2). The iodonium salt [A–I–B]+X− functioned as a second radical initiator, bearing a different substitution pattern for the cation. The ternary system was formulated with different concentrations of both borate and diphenyliodonium salts. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to investigate the polymerization reaction over the photoactivation time carried out at 300 nm < λ < 500 nm irradiation. When the squaraine dye/borate salt was used as photoinitiator, a slow polymerization reaction was observed and a lower monomer conversion. The addition of a third component (onium salt) increased the polymerization rate and conversion. Ternary photoinitiator systems showed improvement in the polymerization rate of triacrylate leading to high conversion in a short photoactivation time. The photoinitiating ability of bi- and tri-component photoinitiators acting in the UV-Vis region for initiation polymerization of triacrylate was compared with those of some commercially used photoinitiating systems. It was also found, that, the parallel electron transfer from an excited state of the sensitizer to [A–I–B]+X−, and an electron transfer from a ground state of R(Ph)3B−N(CH3)4+ to an excited state of the sensitizer results in two types of initiating radical. The chemical mechanisms were investigated by steady state photolysis and nanosecond laser flash photolysis experiments. A mechanism for initiating polymerization using both onium salts is proposed here.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janina Kabatc
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Katarzyna Iwińska
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Alicja Balcerak
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Dominika Kwiatkowska
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Agnieszka Skotnicka
- University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering Seminaryjna 3 85-326 Bydgoszcz Poland +48 52 374 9005 +48 52 374 9112
| | - Zbigniew Czech
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Organic Technology Pułaskiego 10 70-322 Szczecin Poland
| | - Marcin Bartkowiak
- West Pomeranian University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Organic Technology Pułaskiego 10 70-322 Szczecin Poland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Highly Effective Sensitizers Based on Merocyanine Dyes for Visible Light Initiated Radical Polymerization. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061242. [PMID: 32486061 PMCID: PMC7361998 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-(4-substituted-arylidene)-1,3-dimethylpyrimidine-2,4,6-triones were tested as visible light sensitizers for phenyltrialkylborate salts applied to initiate polymerization processes. The initiation occurs as a result of photoinduced electron transfer from the borate salt to the merocyanine dye. The main factor that facilitates the step of the reaction is the free energy change for electron transfer. Its value is favorable according to the reduction properties of the dyes influenced by the type of amino groups and the oxidation potentials of the borate salts. The observed bleaching of the dyes during photopolymerization affects the yield of both the alkyl radical and sensitizer-based radical formation and thus the efficiency of the photopolymerization.
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen H, Noirbent G, Sun K, Brunel D, Gigmes D, Morlet-Savary F, Zhang Y, Liu S, Xiao P, Dumur F, Lalevée J. Photoinitiators derived from natural product scaffolds: monochalcones in three-component photoinitiating systems and their applications in 3D printing. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Design of new photoinitiators based on natural Chalcone scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Chen
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | | | - Ke Sun
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | | | | | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Yijun Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Shaohui Liu
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| | - Pu Xiao
- Research School of Chemistry
- Australian National University
- Canberra
- Australia
| | | | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse
- IS2M-UMR CNRS 7361
- UHA
- Cedex 68057 Mulhouse
- France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Metral B, Bischoff A, Ley C, Ibrahim A, Allonas X. Photochemical Study of a Three‐Component Photocyclic Initiating System for Free Radical Photopolymerization: Implementing a Model for Digital Light Processing 3D Printing. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201900167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Boris Metral
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingéniérie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute-Alsace 3b rue A. Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Adrien Bischoff
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingéniérie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute-Alsace 3b rue A. Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Christian Ley
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingéniérie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute-Alsace 3b rue A. Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Ahmad Ibrahim
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingéniérie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute-Alsace 3b rue A. Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingéniérie MacromoléculairesUniversité de Haute-Alsace 3b rue A. Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Corrigan N, Xu J, Boyer C, Allonas X. Exploration of the PET‐RAFT Initiation Mechanism for Two Commonly Used Photocatalysts. CHEMPHOTOCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cptc.201800182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD) School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
- Australian Centre for NanoMedicine School of Chemical Engineering UNSW Australia Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering University of Haute Alsace 3 bis rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Balcerak A, Kabatc J. The photooxidative sensitization of bis(p-substituted diphenyl)iodonium salts in the radical polymerization of acrylates. RSC Adv 2019; 9:28490-28499. [PMID: 35529669 PMCID: PMC9071055 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of two-component dyeing photoinitiating systems for the radical polymerization of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA) is presented. The systems under study comprised a hemicyanine dye as a sensitizer and iodonium salts that played a role of a coinitiator. The kinetic parameters of the polymerization reaction, such as the rate of polymerization (Rp) and the degree of conversion of monomer (C%), were estimated. The thermodynamic feasibility of an electron transfer process in the systems studied was verified and calculated using the Rehm–Weller equation. It was found that a benzoxazole derivative in the presence of iodonium salts effectively initiated the polymerization of acrylate monomers. The polymerization rates of about 10−7 s−1 and the degree of conversion of acrylate groups from 20% to 50% were observed. The effects of photoinitiator structures on the initiating ability and spectroscopic properties of sensitizers are described in this article. The ability of two-component dyeing photoinitiating systems for the radical polymerization of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol triacrylate (TMPTA) is presented.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Balcerak
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
| | - Janina Kabatc
- UTP University of Science and Technology
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering
- 85-326 Bydgoszcz
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Corrigan N, Shanmugam S, Xu J, Boyer C. Photocatalysis in organic and polymer synthesis. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 45:6165-6212. [PMID: 27819094 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00185h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review, with over 600 references, summarizes the recent applications of photoredox catalysis for organic transformation and polymer synthesis. Photoredox catalysts are metallo- or organo-compounds capable of absorbing visible light, resulting in an excited state species. This excited state species can donate or accept an electron from other substrates to mediate redox reactions at ambient temperature with high atom efficiency. These catalysts have been successfully implemented for the discovery of novel organic reactions and synthesis of added-value chemicals with an excellent control of selectivity and stereo-regularity. More recently, such catalysts have been implemented by polymer chemists to post-modify polymers in high yields, as well as to effectively catalyze reversible deactivation radical polymerizations and living polymerizations. These catalysts create new approaches for advanced organic transformation and polymer synthesis. The objective of this review is to give an overview of this emerging field to organic and polymer chemists as well as materials scientists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Corrigan
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao P, Zhang J, Graff B, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Rubrene‐Based Green‐Light‐Sensitive Photoinitiating Systems of Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
- Centre for Advanced Macromolecular Design School of Chemistry University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M UMR CNRS 7361 ENSCMu‐UHA 15 Rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse Cedex France
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Christmann J, Allonas X, Ley C, Ibrahim A, Croutxé-Barghorn C. Triazine-Based Type-II Photoinitiating System for Free Radical Photopolymerization: Mechanism, Efficiency, and Modeling. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Christmann
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Christian Ley
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Ahmad Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| | - Céline Croutxé-Barghorn
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; 3b rue Alfred Werner 68093 Mulhouse France
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ley C, Ibrahim A, Allonas X. Isomerization controlled photopolymerization: effect of dye photophysics on photoinitiation efficiency. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:1054-60. [PMID: 27443964 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00028b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of free radical polymerization by photoinitiating systems based on two Astrazon orange cyanine dyes was shown to be directly related to the isomerization process of the dye in the excited states. The impact of resin viscosity on photopolymerization reactions was measured and related to the overall radical quantum yields. The quantum yields were calculated according to the photocyclic behaviour of the initiating systems based on the Astrazon orange dyes. These dyes are characterized by a viscosity dependent photophysics, which leads to an isomerization-diffusion-controlled photopolymerization. Besides this demonstration, Astrazon orange dyes appeared to be very good candidates for free radical photopolymerization in the visible, presenting high absorption coefficient, low cost and good sensitivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Ley
- Laboratoire de Photochimie et d'Ingénierie Macromoléculaires, ENSCMu, Université de Haute-Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse Cedex, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zuo X, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Blanchard N, Goddard JP, Lalevée J. Fluorescent Brighteners as Visible LED-Light Sensitive Photoinitiators for Free Radical Photopolymerizations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2016; 37:840-4. [PMID: 27072016 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201600103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical and electrochemical investigations of commercially available, safe, and cheap fluorescent brighteners, namely, triazinylstilbene (commercial name: fluorescent brightener 28) and 2,5-bis(5-tert-butyl-benzoxazol-2-yl)thiophene, as well as their original use as photoinitiators of polymerization upon light emitting diode (LED) irradiation are reported. Remarkably, their excellent near-UV-visible absorption properties combined with outstanding fluorescent properties allow them to act as high-performance photoinitiators when used in combination with diaryliodonium salt. These two-component photoinitiating systems can be employed for free radical polymerizations of acrylate. In addition, this brightener-initiated photopolymerization is able to overcome oxygen inhibition even upon irradiation with low LED light intensity. The underlying photochemical mechanisms are investigated by electron-spin resonance-spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and steady-state photolysis techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Zuo
- Institut de Science des Materiaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse Cedex, France.,Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, EA4566, UHA, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Materiaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Materiaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Blanchard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Université de Strasbourg, UMR CNRS 7509, ECPM, 25 rue Becquerel, 67087, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Goddard
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bioorganique, EA4566, UHA, ENSCMu, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Materiaux de Mulhouse IS2M, UMR CNRS 7361, UHA, 15, Rue Jean Starcky, 68057, Mulhouse Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xiao P, Dumur F, Zhang J, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. New role of aminothiazonaphthalimide derivatives: outstanding photoinitiators for cationic and radical photopolymerizations under visible LEDs. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra09422h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminothiazonaphthalimide derivatives can act as photoinitiators (when combined with additives) to start the cationic polymerization or the radical polymerization upon exposure to visible LEDs or a polychromatic visible light.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Bernadette Graff
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire ICR
- UMR 7273
- F-13397 Marseille
- France
| | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M
- UMR CNRS 7361
- ENSCMu-UHA
- 68057 Mulhouse Cedex
- France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ibrahim A, Fouhaili BE, Yong AC, Ley C, Allonas X, Carré C. Optimization of a Safranine O three-component photoinitiating system for use in holographic recording. CAN J CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2014-0606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coupling between a holographic resin, combining multiple monomers and additives, with photoinitiating systems (PIS) is not straightforward. In this paper, a classic PIS based on Safranine O (SFH+) as dye, an amine (ethyl-4-(dimethylamino)benzoate) as electron donor, and a triazine derivative (2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine) as electron acceptor for holographic recording was studied using time-resolved spectroscopic experiments. By taking into account the viscosity of the matrix, a method to evaluate the overall quantum yield of radicals released is proposed and the contribution of singlet and triplet excited states of SFH+ in the formation of radicals is evaluated. Then the corresponding photopolymerization efficiencies of the PIS, studied by real-time FTIR, are compared with holographic recording experiments: this system allows the formation of a hologram with high diffraction efficiency (0.9) in 3 s of irradiation time. It is shown that besides holographic resin formulation, the photochemistry of PIS also impacts the hologram formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Bandar El Fouhaili
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Aurélie Chan Yong
- Institut MINES-TELECOM; TELECOM Bretagne; Département d’Optique, Technopôle Brest Iroise CS 83818, F 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France
- UMR FOTON, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, ENSSAT, 6 rue de Kerampont, CS 80518, F 22305 Lannion, France
| | - Christian Ley
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Christiane Carré
- UMR FOTON, CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, ENSSAT, 6 rue de Kerampont, CS 80518, F 22305 Lannion, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Morlet-Savary F, Klee JE, Pfefferkorn F, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. The Camphorquinone/Amine and Camphorquinone/Amine/Phosphine Oxide Derivative Photoinitiating Systems: Overview, Mechanistic Approach, and Role of the Excitation Light Source. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201500184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | | | | | - Jean Pierre Fouassier
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| | - Jacques Lalevée
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M; UMR CNRS 7361; UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky 68057 Mulhouse CEDEX France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Visible light sensitive photoinitiating systems: Recent progress in cationic and radical photopolymerization reactions under soft conditions. Prog Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
18
|
Cook WD, Chen F. Enhanced visible radiation photopolymerization of dimethacrylates with the three component thioxanthone (CPTXO)–amine–iodonium salt system. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01561d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The three component thioxanthone/iodonium/amine visible light photoinitiator system is four times more efficient due to irreversible oxidation of the ketyl and the amine radicals by the iodonium salt and the regeneration of the thioxanthone and produce twice as many active radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wayne D. Cook
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Wellington Road
- Monash University
- Victoria 3800
- Australia
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Materials Engineering
- Wellington Road
- Monash University
- Victoria 3800
- Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Belbakra Z, Cherkaoui ZM, Allonas X. Photocurable polythiol based (meth)acrylate resins stabilization: New powerful stabilizers and stabilization systems. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
20
|
Arbeloa EM, Porcal GV, Bertolotti SG, Previtali CM. Synthesis and characterization of latex nanoparticles using a visible-light photoinitiating system in reverse micelles. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Ley C, Christmann J, Ibrahim A, Stefano LHD, Allonas X. Tailoring of organic dyes with oxidoreductive compounds to obtain photocyclic radical generator systems exhibiting photocatalytic behavior. Beilstein J Org Chem 2014; 10:936-47. [PMID: 24991243 PMCID: PMC4077436 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.10.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of a dye which absorbs the photon, an electron acceptor and an electron donor leading to energy conversion through electron transfer, was the basis of the so called three-component systems. In this paper, an experimental work combining Rose bengal dye with a triazine derivative as electron acceptor and ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate as electron donor, will underline the benefit of the photocyclic behavior of three-component systems leading to the dye regeneration. A thermodynamic approach of the photocycle is presented, followed by a mechanistic and computational study of ideal photocycles, in order to outline the specific kinetics occuring in so called photocatalytic systems. The simple kinetic model used is enough to outline the benefit of the cyclic system and to give the basic requirements in term of chemical combination needed to be fulfilled in order to obtain a photocatalytic behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Ley
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Julien Christmann
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Ahmad Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Luciano H Di Stefano
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering, University of Haute Alsace, 3b rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Zhang J, Xiao P, Morlet-Savary F, Graff B, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. A known photoinitiator for a novel technology: 2-(4-methoxystyryl)-4,6-bis(trichloromethyl)-1,3,5-triazine for near UV or visible LED. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00770k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
23
|
Charlot V, Ibrahim A, Allonas X, Croutxé-Barghorn C, Delaite C. Photopolymerization of methyl methacrylate: effects of photochemical and photonic parameters on the chain length. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00550c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The effects of photochemical and photonic parameters are investigated on the chain length of poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) as formed by the free radical photopolymerization process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V. Charlot
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse, 80 France
| | - A. Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse, 80 France
| | - X. Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse, 80 France
| | - C. Croutxé-Barghorn
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse, 80 France
| | - C. Delaite
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering
- University of Haute Alsace
- 68093 Mulhouse, 80 France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Ibrahim A, Allonas X, Ley C, Fouhaili BE, Carr^|^eacute; C. Photocyclic Initiating System for Free Radical Photopolymerization Studied Through Holographic Recording. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2014. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.27.517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Besse V, Le Pluart L, Cook WD, Pham TN, Madec PJ. Polymerization kinetics of phosphonic acids and esters using an iodonium initiator. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Besse
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038; ENSICAEN & Université de Caen; 14050 Caen France
| | - Loïc Le Pluart
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038; ENSICAEN & Université de Caen; 14050 Caen France
| | - Wayne D. Cook
- Department of Materials Engineering; Monash University; Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
| | - Thi-Nhàn Pham
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038; ENSICAEN & Université de Caen; 14050 Caen France
| | - Pierre-Jean Madec
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Thioorganique, UMR CNRS 6507, INC3M, FR 3038; ENSICAEN & Université de Caen; 14050 Caen France
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ibrahim A, Stefano LD, Tarzi O, Tar H, Ley C, Allonas X. High-Performance Photoinitiating Systems for Free Radical Photopolymerization. Application to Holographic Recording. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 89:1283-90. [DOI: 10.1111/php.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Ibrahim
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu; Mulhouse France
| | - Luciano Di Stefano
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu; Mulhouse France
| | - Olga Tarzi
- CIHIDECAR-CONICET; Department of Organic Chemistry; FCEyN-University of Buenos Aires; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Haja Tar
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu; Mulhouse France
| | - Christian Ley
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu; Mulhouse France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace, ENSCMu; Mulhouse France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xiao P, Dumur F, Graff B, Gigmes D, Fouassier JP, Lalevée J. Red-light-induced cationic photopolymerization: perylene derivatives as efficient photoinitiators. Macromol Rapid Commun 2013; 34:1452-8. [PMID: 23922314 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201300383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nine different perylene derivatives are prepared and their ability to initiate, when combined with an iodonium salt (and optionally N-vinylcarbazole), a ring-opening cationic photopolymerization of epoxides under very soft halogen lamp irradiation is investigated. One of them is particularly efficient under a red laser diode exposure at 635 nm and belongs now to the very few systems available at this wavelength. The photochemical mechanisms are studied by steady-state photolysis, electron spin resonance spin trapping, fluorescence, cyclic voltammetry, and laser flash photolysis techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pu Xiao
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse IS2M, CNRS, UMR 7361, UHA, 15, rue Jean Starcky, Mulhouse Cedex, 68057, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Kawamura K, Schmitt J, Barnet M, Salmi H, Ley C, Allonas X. Squarylium-Triazine Dyad as a Highly Sensitive Photoradical Generator for Red Light. Chemistry 2013; 19:12853-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201300622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
29
|
Ketocoumarin/triazine/thiol as new high speed photoinitiating system for free radical polymerization under visible light in aerated media. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
30
|
Kawamura K, Ley C, Schmitt J, Barnet M, Allonas X. Relevance of linked dye-coinitiator in visible three-component photoinitiating systems: Application to red light photopolymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Kawamura
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse 68093 France
| | - Christian Ley
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse 68093 France
| | - Julien Schmitt
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse 68093 France
| | - Maxime Barnet
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse 68093 France
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry and Engineering; University of Haute Alsace; 3b rue Alfred Werner Mulhouse 68093 France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Photopolymerization Reactions: On the Way to a Green and Sustainable Chemistry. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/app3020490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
32
|
Tar H, Sevinc Esen D, Aydin M, Ley C, Arsu N, Allonas X. Panchromatic Type II Photoinitiator for Free Radical Polymerization Based on Thioxanthone Derivative. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma302641d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haja Tar
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry
and Engineering, Université de Haute Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Duygu Sevinc Esen
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Christian Ley
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry
and Engineering, Université de Haute Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| | - Nergis Arsu
- Department of Chemistry, Yildiz Technical University, 34220 Davutpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Xavier Allonas
- Laboratory of Macromolecular Photochemistry
and Engineering, Université de Haute Alsace, 3 rue Alfred Werner, 68093 Mulhouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Porcal GV, Arbeloa EM, Chesta CA, Bertolotti SG, Previtali CM. Visible light photopolymerization in BHDC reverse micelles. Laser flash photolysis study of the photoinitiating mechanism. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2013.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
34
|
Investigation of termination reactions in free radical photopolymerization of UV powder formulations. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
35
|
|
36
|
Pierre Fouassier J, Lalevée J. Three-component photoinitiating systems: towards innovative tailor made high performance combinations. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra00892k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
37
|
Ibrahim A, Ley C, Allonas X, Tarzi OI, Chan Yong A, Carré C, Chevallier R. Optimization of a photopolymerizable material based on a photocyclic initiating system using holographic recording. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1682-90. [DOI: 10.1039/c2pp25099c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
38
|
Cook WD, Chen F. Enhanced photopolymerization of dimethacrylates with ketones, amines, and iodonium salts: The CQ system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
39
|
Allonas X, Ibrahim A, Ley C, Saimi H, Bugnet J, Kawamura K. Borate Salts as Coinitiators in Photoinitiating Systems for Laser Imaging. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2011. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.24.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|