1
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Dou B, Xu Y, Wang J. Gold-Catalyzed Precise Bromination of Polystyrene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:10422-10430. [PMID: 37126502 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Modification of commodity aromatic polymers is highly desirable for accessing materials with new properties. The long-standing challenge for such approaches lies in the development of catalytic methods that can functionalize the aromatic polymers with high precision while preserving the molecular weight and distribution of the starting polymers without any alteration. Herein, we report a highly efficient AuCl3-catalyzed site-selective aromatic C-H halogenation of polystyrene. The most important feature of this method is that the degree of halogenation can be precisely controlled by simply changing the loading of the halogenating agent, thus allowing the tuning of functional group density in an accurate and predictable manner. Various functional groups, including NH2 and Bpin, can be installed through effective derivatization of the resultant brominated polystyrene, thus making the method a valuable strategy for the synthesis of value-added materials with tailored properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Dou
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Postfunctionalization of the main chain of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) via anodic C–H phosphonylation. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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3
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Isospecific Polymerization of Halide- and Amino-Substituted Styrenes Using a Bis(phenolate) Titanium Catalyst. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12040439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Isospecific polymerization of polar styrenes is a challenge of polymer science. Particularly challenging are monomers bearing electron-withdrawing substituents or bulky substituents. Here, we report the coordination polymerization of halide- and amino-functionalized styrenes including para-fluorostyrene (pFS), para-chlorostyrene (pClS), para-bromostyrene (pBrS), and para-(N,N-diethylamino)styrene (DMAS) using 2,2′-sulfur-bridged bis(phenolate) titanium precursor (1). The combination of 1 and [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] and AliBu3 provides crystalline poly(pFS)s with perfect isotacticity (mmmm > 95%) and high molecular weights (≤16.0 × 104 g mol−1). Upon activation with a large excess of DMAO, 1 reaches polymerization activity of 5.58 × 105 g molTi−1 h−1 producing isotactic poly(pFS)s featuring higher molecular weights (≤39.6 × 104 g mol−1). The distinguished performance of the 1/DMAO system has been extended to the polymerization of pClS and pBrS, both usually involve halogen abstraction during the polymerization, to produce isotactic and high molecular weight (Mn = 32.2 × 104 vs. 13.7 × 104 g mol−1) polymers in good activities (2.18 × 105 vs. 1.31 × 105 g molTi−1 h−1). Surprisingly, 1/DMAO is nearly inactive for DMAS polymerization, on contrary, the system 1/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4]/AliBu3 displays isoselectivity (mmmm > 95%) albeit in a moderate activity.
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4
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Mu X, Yu J, Leng X, Li Y. Syndioselective coordination (Co)polymerization of triphenylamine-substituted styrenes via a scandium catalyst system. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00628-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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5
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Noble KF, Troya D, Talley SJ, Ilavsky J, Moore RB. High-Resolution Comonomer Sequencing of Blocky Brominated Syndiotactic Polystyrene Copolymers Using 13C NMR Spectroscopy and Computer Simulations. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen F. Noble
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Diego Troya
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Samantha J. Talley
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
| | - Jan Ilavsky
- X-ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, United States
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6
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Wu Y, Wang Z, Liu D, Liu B, Cui D. Highly Syndioselective Coordination (Co)Polymerization of para-Chlorostyrene. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | | | - Dongtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Bo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dongmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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7
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Sánchez-Condado A, Carriedo GA, Presa Soto A, Rodríguez-Álvarez MJ, García-Álvarez J, Hevia E. Organolithium-Initiated Polymerization of Olefins in Deep Eutectic Solvents under Aerobic Conditions. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3134-3143. [PMID: 30892815 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquitous presence in synthesis, the use of polar organolithium reagents under environmentally benign conditions constitutes one of the greatest challenges in sustainable chemistry. Their high reactivity imposes the use of severely restrictive protocols (e.g., moisture- and oxygen-free, toxic organic solvents, inert atmospheres, low temperatures, etc.). Making inroads towards meeting this challenge, a new air- and moisture-compatible organolithium-mediated methodology for the anionic polymerization of different olefins (e.g., styrenes and vinylpyridines) was established by pioneering the use of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an eco-friendly reaction medium in this type of transformation. Fine-tuning of the conditions (sonication of the reaction mixture at 40 °C in the absence of protecting atmosphere) along with careful choice of components of the DES [choline chloride (ChCl) and glycerol (Gly) in a 1:2 ratio] furnished the desired organic polymers (homopolymers and random copolymers) in excellent yields (up to 90 %) and low polydispersities (IPD 1.1-1.3). Remarkably, the in situ-formed polystyril lithium intermediates exhibited a great resistance to hydrolysis in the eutectic mixture 1ChCl/2Gly (up to 1.5 h), hinting at an unexpected high stability of these otherwise highly reactive organolithium species in these unconventional reaction media. This unique stability can be exploited to create well defined block-copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sánchez-Condado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Gabino A Carriedo
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandro Presa Soto
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, (Facultad de Química/IUQOEM), Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María J Rodríguez-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Joaquín García-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Compuestos Organometálicos y Catálisis (Unidad Asociada al CSIC), Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica (IUQOEM), Centro de Innovación en Química Avanzada (ORFEO-CINQA), Facultad de Química, Universidad de Oviedo, Julián Clavería, 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eva Hevia
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
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8
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Functionalization of Syndiotactic Polystyrene via Superacid-Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Alkylation. Top Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-018-0913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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9
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Novel strategies for the synthesis of hydroxylated and carboxylated polystyrenes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-018-1490-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Noble KF, Noble AM, Talley SJ, Moore RB. Blocky bromination of syndiotactic polystyrene via post-polymerization functionalization in the heterogeneous gel state. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py01008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the successful blocky bromination of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS-co-sPS-Br) copolymers containing 6–30 mol% p-bromostyrene units, using a post-polymerization functionalization method conducted in the heterogeneous gel state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen F. Noble
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Alexandria M. Noble
- Grado Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Samantha J. Talley
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
| | - Robert B. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecules Innovation Institute
- Virginia Tech
- Blacksburg
- USA
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11
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Guo F, Jiao N, Jiang L, Li Y, Hou Z. Scandium-Catalyzed Syndiospecific Polymerization of Halide-Substituted Styrenes and Their Copolymerization with Styrene. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Guo
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Na Jiao
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
| | - Zhaomin Hou
- State Key Laboratory
of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering,
School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, China
- Organometallic
Chemistry Laboratory and Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa,
Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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12
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Massoumi B, Abbasi F, Jaymand M. Chemical and electrochemical grafting of polythiophene onto polystyrene synthesized via ‘living’ anionic polymerization. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5nj02104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel strategy for chemical and electrochemical grafting of polythiophene onto a polystyrene backbone synthesized via ‘living’ anionic polymerization is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bakhshali Massoumi
- Department of Chemistry
- Payame Noor University
- Tehran
- Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Farhang Abbasi
- Institute of Polymeric Materials
- Sahand University of Technology
- Tabriz
- Islamic Republic of Iran
- Faculty of Polymer Engineering
| | - Mehdi Jaymand
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Tabriz
- Islamic Republic of Iran
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13
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Mohanty AD, Bae C. Transition Metal-Catalyzed Functionalization of Polyolefins Containing CC, CC, and CH Bonds. ADVANCES IN ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.adomc.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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14
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Abstract
This review provides a snapshot of recent progress in the chemical modification of syndiotactic polystyrene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Jaymand
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology
- Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
- Iran
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15
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Xu M, Zhang C, Du Z, Mi J. Role of Interfacial Structure of Water in Polymer Surface Wetting. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301526a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry
of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry
of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zhongjie Du
- The Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry
of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jianguo Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic−Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing
100029, China
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16
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Tzeng FY, Tsai JC. Syndiospecific polymerization of styrene in the presence of cyclic olefins: A new approach for molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and stereoregularity controls for syndiotactic polystyrene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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