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Vogelwaid J, Bayer M, Walz M, Hampel F, Kutuzova L, Lorenz G, Kandelbauer A, Jacob T. Optimizing Epoxy Molding Compound Processing: A Multi-Sensor Approach to Enhance Material Characterization and Process Reliability. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1540. [PMID: 38891486 PMCID: PMC11174805 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The in-line control of curing during the molding process significantly improves product quality and ensures the reliability of packaging materials with the required thermo-mechanical and adhesion properties. The choice of the morphological and thermo-mechanical properties of the molded material, and the accuracy of their determination through carefully selected thermo-analytical methods, play a crucial role in the qualitative prediction of trends in packaging product properties as process parameters are varied. This work aimed to verify the quality of the models and their validation using a highly filled molding resin with an identical chemical composition but 10 wt% difference in silica particles (SPs). Morphological and mechanical material properties were determined by dielectric analysis (DEA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), warpage analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The effects of temperature and injection speed on the morphological properties were analyzed through the design of experiments (DoE) and illustrated by response surface plots. A comprehensive approach to monitor the evolution of ionic viscosity (IV), residual enthalpy (dHrest), glass transition temperature (Tg), and storage modulus (E) as a function of the transfer-mold process parameters and post-mold-cure (PMC) conditions of the material was established. The reliability of Tg estimation was tested using two methods: warpage analysis and DMA. The noticeable deterioration in the quality of the analytical signal for highly filled materials at high cure rates is discussed. Controlling the temperature by increasing the injection speed leads to the formation of a polymer network with a lower Tg and an increased storage modulus, indicating a lower density and a more heterogeneous structure due to the high heating rate and shear heating effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Vogelwaid
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.W.); (F.H.)
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Martin Bayer
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Michael Walz
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.W.); (F.H.)
| | - Felix Hampel
- Mobility Electronics, Engineering Technology Polymer & Packaging, Robert Bosch GmbH, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (M.B.); (M.W.); (F.H.)
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Larysa Kutuzova
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Günter Lorenz
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
| | - Andreas Kandelbauer
- Fakultät für Life Sciences, Reutlingen University, 72762 Reutlingen, Germany; (L.K.); (G.L.); (A.K.)
- Department of Material Sciences and Process Engineering, Institute of Wood Technology and Renewable Materials, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria
| | - Timo Jacob
- Fakultät für Naturwissenschaften, Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
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Vidil T, Cloître M, Tournilhac F. Control of Gelation and Network Properties of Cationically Copolymerized Mono- and Diglycidyl Ethers. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vidil
- Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR 7167 CNRS ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Michel Cloître
- Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR 7167 CNRS ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
| | - Francois Tournilhac
- Matière Molle et Chimie, UMR 7167 CNRS ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University, 10 rue Vauquelin 75005 Paris, France
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Shimizu S, Okamoto A, Mizukawa F, Ogawa K, Tomita A, Takahata T, Shinada S, Wada N. Volume holographic spatial mode demultiplexer with a dual-wavelength method. APPLIED OPTICS 2018; 57:146-153. [PMID: 29328158 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Volume holographic demultiplexers (VHDMs) provide spatial mode demultiplexing using simple optical systems. However, applying VHDM to practical optical communication systems is difficult, as typical holographic media have no sensitivity in the infrared region, which includes optical transmission bands. In this paper, we propose a VHDM scheme combined with a dual-wavelength method (DWM). Using the DWM, VHDMs are able to perform mode demultiplexing in the optical transmission bands. We experimentally demonstrated the basic operation of our proposal using experiments performed at an 850-nm wavelength. In addition, we performed numerical simulations to investigate the application of VHDM to the C-band.
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Vidil T, Tournilhac F, Musso S, Robisson A, Leibler L. Control of reactions and network structures of epoxy thermosets. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Takabayashi M, Okamoto A, Eto T, Okamoto T. Recording procedures for high-quality signal readout in self-referential holographic data storage. APPLIED OPTICS 2015; 54:5167-5174. [PMID: 26192680 DOI: 10.1364/ao.54.005167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two methods are proposed to improve the readout quality of signals in self-referential holographic data storage (SR-HDS), in which no reference beam is required to record and read digital data holographically: the off-the-focus (OtF) method and the oversampling additional pattern (OsAP) method. The focal point is located outside of the recording medium in the OtF method, and the signal pattern is recorded with an additional pattern that possesses a higher spatial frequency than the signal pattern in the OsAP method. Experimental results show that both methods are effective for drastically improving the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In addition, through numerical simulation, it can be observed that the readout quality is improved by the achievement of homogeneous hologram distribution.
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Takabayashi M, Okamoto A, Eto T, Okamoto T. Shift-multiplexed self-referential holographic data storage. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:4375-4381. [PMID: 25090055 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.004375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility and the properties of shift-multiplexed self-referential holographic data storage (SR-HDS) were investigated. Although SR-HDS has attractive features as typified by referenceless holographic recording, its multiplexing properties, which are consummately important for holographic data storage, have not been clarified until now. The results of numerical and experimental evaluations of medium shift dependence in SR-HDS clarified that the shift selectivity is almost the same as in collinear holography. Furthermore, 25 datapages were successfully shift-multiplexed with the shift pitch of 8.3 μm by the numerical simulation.
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Takabayashi M, Okamoto A. Self-referential holography and its applications to data storage and phase-to-intensity conversion. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:3669-3681. [PMID: 23481823 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.003669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Holographic recording methods require the use of a reference beam that is coherent with the signal beam carrying the information to be recorded. In this paper, we propose self-referential holography (SRH) for holographic recording without the use of a reference beam. SRH can realize purely one-beam holographic recording by considering the signal beam itself as the reference beam. The readout process in SRH is based on energy transfer by inter-pixel interference in holographic diffraction, which depends on the spatial phase difference between the recorded phase and the readout phase. The phase-modulated recorded signal is converted into an intensity-modulated beam that can be easily detected using a conventional image sensor. SRH can be used effectively for holographic data storage and phase-to-intensity conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Takabayashi
- Department of Systems Design and Informatics, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan.
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