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Zheng P, Wang R, Peng X, Sun J, Liu H, Li J, Liu C, Jiang L, Liu Q, Zhang Y. Halogen-free and phosphorus-free flame retardants endow epoxy resin with high flame retardancy through crosslinking strategy. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221085170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resin (EPs) has been widely used in many fields in recent years, such as electronics, adhesives, coatings, and so on, which mainly benefiting from its excellent mechanical and chemical properties, low price and easy preparation. However, conventional EPs tend to be flammable, which significantly prevents their applications especially in high flame-resistance required areas. In this work, we introduce nitrile groups and the benzoxazine ring into the flame-retardant, followed by a simple heat treatment for a multiple cross-linking reaction in EPs. The resultant halogen/phosphorus-free and environmentally friendly network not only suppress the migration of the functional flame retardants from the substrate, but also shows much enhanced flame-retardant property, including the UL-94 rate, total heat release and reduced peak heat release rate. As a result, the thermosets can pass the UL-94 V-0 rate and reach a LOI value at 32.7% at a very low addition amount (10 wt%) of this cross-linked flame retardant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoliang Peng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Jichang Sun
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Huaiyin Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Junwei Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Chuanbang Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Lan Jiang
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China, Guanghan, China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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2
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Haubold TS, Hartwig A, Koschek K. Synthesis and Application Studies of DOPO-Based Organophosphorous Derivatives to Modify the Thermal Behavior of Polybenzoxazine. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:606. [PMID: 35160595 PMCID: PMC8840307 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The DOPO-based flame-retardant additives DOPO-HQ, DOPO-AP and DOPO-Van were synthesized in varying numbers of phenolic hydroxyl groups and amine groups. Moreover, their influence on the polymerization of a bisphenol F-based benzoxazine, as well as the thermal properties of the resulting materials, were studied. All DOPO-based derivatives influenced the polymerization temperature onset with a reduction of up to 20 °C, while thermo-mechanical properties remained high. Surprisingly, phosphorous content below 0.4 wt% significantly improved the reaction against small flames yielding an increase in the limited oxygen index by 2% and a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test. DOPO-HQ proved to be the most effective additive regarding the reaction against small flames at an astonishingly low phosphorous concentration of below 0.1 wt%, whereas DOPO-AP and DOPO-Van simultaneously lowered the polymerization temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Sören Haubold
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (T.S.H.); (A.H.)
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartwig
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (T.S.H.); (A.H.)
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Strasse 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Katharina Koschek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany; (T.S.H.); (A.H.)
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3
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Haubold TS, Puchot L, Adjaoud A, Verge P, Koschek K. Bio-Based Bisbenzoxazines with Flame Retardant Linker. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4330. [PMID: 34960884 PMCID: PMC8707438 DOI: 10.3390/polym13244330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work explores the strategy of incorporating a highly substituted reactive flame retardant into a benzoxazine moiety. For this purpose, a DOPO-based flame retardant received a chain extension via reaction with ethylene carbonate. It was then reacted with phloretic acid to obtain a diphenol end-capped molecule, and further reacted with furfurylamine and paraformaldehyde to obtain a benzoxazine monomer via a Mannich-like ring closure reaction. This four-step synthesis yielded a partly bio-based halogen-free flame retardant benzoxazine monomer (DOPO-PA-fa). The successful synthesis was proven via NMR, IR and MS analysis. The polymerization behavior was monitored by DSC and rheological analysis both showing the polymerization starts at 200 °C to yield pDOPO-PA-fa. pDOPO-PA-fa has a significant thermal stability with a residual mass of 30% at 800 °C under ambient atmosphere. Furthermore, it reached a V-0 rating against small flames and an OI of 35%. Blended with other benzoxazines, it significantly improves their thermal stability and fire resistance. It emphasizes its potential as flame retardant agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorben Sören Haubold
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
- Department 2 Biology/Chemistry, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 7, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Laura Puchot
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (L.P.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Antoine Adjaoud
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (L.P.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, 2, Avenue de l’Université, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Pierre Verge
- Materials Research and Technology Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Avenue des Hauts-Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (L.P.); (A.A.); (P.V.)
| | - Katharina Koschek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials IFAM, Wiener Strasse 12, 28359 Bremen, Germany;
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4
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Wang X, Niu H, Huang J, Song L, Hu Y. A desoxyanisoin- and furfurylamine-derived high-performance benzoxazine thermoset with high glass transition temperature and excellent anti-flammability. Polym Degrad Stab 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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5
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Sulfathiazole derivative with phosphaphenanthrene group: Synthesis, characterization and its high flame-retardant activity on epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Toughening effect and mechanism of polyamide 12 and modified montmorillonite in polybenzoxazine resin. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2018-0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The mechanical properties of polybenzoxazine (PBa) resins were improved by adding polyamide 12 (PA12) and modified montmorillonite (OMMT) as additives. The mechanical properties and thermal stability of PBa and resulting PBa composites were investigated using an Instron universal material testing instrument and dynamic mechanical analysis. The morphologies of the fracture surfaces were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The results of morphological studies showed that PBa/PA12/OMMT composites exhibit significantly improved mechanical properties and thermal stability compared with that of the pristine PBa. When the OMMT content increased to 1 wt%, the fracture toughness (1.36 MPa·m1/2) and the fracture energy (G
IC, 315.76 J·m−2) of PBa/PA12/OMMT-1 composites increased by 67.9% and 181.4%, respectively, compared with those of the pristine PBa. The thermal stability properties demonstrated that the storage modulus and glass transition temperature (T
g) of PBa/PA12/OMMT composites gradually increased with the addition of OMMT particles. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated that PBa/PA12/OMMT composites possess a toughening mechanism of crack deflection, with a large bulk of voids and debonding induced by PA12 and OMMT clay particles. Moreover, the OMMT might provide microvoid nucleating sites at its surface to release constrains for shear yielding.
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7
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Huang S, Hou X, Li J, Tian X, Yu Q, Wang Z. A novel curing agent based on diphenylphosphine oxide for flame-retardant epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317745957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A phosphorous/nitrogen-containing diphenylphosphine oxide (DPO) derivative (DPO-SS) was designed and synthesized via a two-step reaction of 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulfone, 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, and DPO. The structure of DPO-SS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). DPO-SS was used as a flame retardant and curing agent for copolymerizing with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A. Thermal and flame-retardant properties of the obtained flame-retardant epoxy resin (F-EP) were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic thermomechanical analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, vertical burning test (UL-94), and cone calorimeter test. Results indicated that all F-EP samples exhibited excellent thermal stability and flame-retardant property. Especially for F-EP with P content of 0.7 wt% (denoted as EP/P-0.7), it achieved high LOI values (32.4%) and UL-94 V-0 rating. Compared with pure EP, all F-EP samples showed lower heat release rate, total heat release, total smoke produce, and little Tg fluctuation. In order to study the flame-retardant mechanism, the char residues were investigated by FTIR, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis. The results manifested that DPO-SS acted as flame retardant in both gas phase and condensed phase. Water absorption properties of pure EP and F-EP were also compared through immersion experiments. Results showed that EP/P-0.7 sample had apparently lower water absorptivity than pure EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Hou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiujuan Tian
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qing Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhongwei Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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8
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Liu Y, Wang R, An Q, Su X, Li C, Shen S, Huo G. The F···H Hydrogen Bonding Effect on the Dynamic Mechanical and Shape-Memory Properties of a Fluorine-Containing Polybenzoxazine. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Qin An
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Xuehui Su
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Cuiyun Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Shen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
| | - Guoyan Huo
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Baoding 071002 P. R. China
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9
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Abstract
A novel halogen-free flame retardant (6,6′-(((methylenebis(4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis((4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)methylene))bis(6H-dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinine 6-oxide)(DP-DDM))) was synthesized via a one-pot procedure based on the Pudovik reaction between 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide and imine directly resulting from 3-methoxy-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 4,4′-methylenedianiline (DDM). The thermal curing behaviors of epoxy resins with different contents of DP-DDM were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry under a nonisothermal condition, aimed to suggest an optimized curing procedure in accordance with the property of DP-DDM. These DP-DDM-modified epoxy thermosets under optimized curing procedure showed high glass transition temperature and thermal degradation activation energy. Moreover, their high flame-retarding performance has been found: the epoxy thermosets with a relatively low addition amount of DP-DDM (on account of the phosphorus content of 0.75 wt%) can reach UL 94 V-0 (Instrumental analysis and measurements) rating with limiting oxygen index value of 34.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiang Gu
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Jianhui Qiu
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
| | - Eiichi Sakai
- Department of Machine Intelligence and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Systems Science and Technology, Akita Prefectural University, Yurihonjo, Japan
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10
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Dumas L, Bonnaud L, Olivier M, Poorteman M, Dubois P. Chavicol benzoxazine: Ultrahigh Tg biobased thermoset with tunable extended network. Eur Polym J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Hamciuc C, Vlad-Bubulac T, Serbezeanu D, Carja ID, Hamciuc E, Lisa G, Pérez VF. Environmentally friendly fire-resistant epoxy resins based on a new oligophosphonate with high flame retardant efficiency. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra27451f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
New fire resistant epoxy resins were prepared. The kinetic processing of thermogravimetric data was performed using Friedman and Vyazovkin methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corneliu Hamciuc
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 700487 Iasi
- Romania
| | | | - Diana Serbezeanu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 700487 Iasi
- Romania
| | | | - Elena Hamciuc
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- 700487 Iasi
- Romania
| | - Gabriela Lisa
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi
- 700050 Iasi
- Romania
| | - Vicente Forrat Pérez
- Technological Institute of Construction Marble Technical Unit (AIDICO)
- 03660 Novelda-Alicante
- Spain
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12
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Bio-based high performance thermosets: Stabilization and reinforcement of eugenol-based benzoxazine networks with BMI and CNT. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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13
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Xu G, Shi T, Wang Q, Liu J, Yi Y. A facile way to prepare two novel dopo-containing liquid benzoxazines and their graphene oxide composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guomei Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 People's Republic of China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering of West Anhui University; Anhui Lu'an 237012 People's Republic of China
| | - Tiejun Shi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 People's Republic of China
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14
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Xiao L, Sun DC, Niu TL, Yao YW. Syntheses of Two Dopo-Based Reactive Additives as Flame Retardants and Co-Curing Agents for Epoxy Resins. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2014.884092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - De-chao Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-li Niu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - You-wei Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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15
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Two novel phosphorus–nitrogen-containing halogen-free flame retardants of high performance for epoxy resin. Polym Degrad Stab 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2014.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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High performance benzoxazine/CNT nanohybrid network – An easy and scalable way to combine attractive properties. Eur Polym J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2014.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Liu Y, Liao C, Hao Z, Luo X, Jing S, Run M. The polymerization behavior and thermal properties of benzoxazine based on o-allylphenol and 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Lin SC, Wu CS, Yeh JM, Liu YL. Reaction mechanism and synergistic anticorrosion property of reactive blends of maleimide-containing benzoxazine and amine-capped aniline trimer. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00274a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Reaction mechanism and synergistic effect on anticorrosion for reactive blends of a maleimide-containing benzoxazine and aniline trimer have been explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Chen Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shao Wu
- Department of Materials and Fiber & Graduate School of Materials Applied Technology
- Taoyuan Institute of Innovation Technology
- Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ming Yeh
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Nanotechnology
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Chungli, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ling Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Tsing Hua University
- Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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19
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Synthesis, thermal properties and curing kinetics of fluorene diamine-based benzoxazine containing ester groups. Eur Polym J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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20
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Xiao L, Sun D, Niu T, Yao Y. Syntheses and characterization of two novel 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-based flame retardants for epoxy resin. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008313495064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two novel phosphrous–nitrogen-containing flame retardants (3) and (4) were successfully synthesized from two steps: condensation reaction between 4-aminopenol and 1,4-phthaladehyde (or 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxaldehyde) and addition reaction between the above condensation compounds and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide. The structures of (3) and (4) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy methods. The results show that (3) and (4) can serve as co-curing agents of diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) for the curing reaction of epoxy resin. The epoxy thermosets-containing DDM and (3) or (4) exhibit moderate changes in glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and show improvement in flame retardancy: UL94 V-0 grade can be obtained when phosphorus content of the epoxy thermoset is only 1.0%; the limiting oxygen index of epoxy resin system containing (4) reaches 40.9 when phosphorus content is up to 1.5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiao
- Advanced Materials Institution, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, People’s Repbulic of China
| | - Dechao Sun
- Advanced Materials Institution, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, People’s Repbulic of China
| | - Tianli Niu
- Advanced Materials Institution, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, People’s Repbulic of China
| | - Youwei Yao
- Advanced Materials Institution, Tsinghua Campus, The University Town, Shenzhen, People’s Repbulic of China
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21
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Zhang K, Zhuang Q, Liu X, Cai R, Yang G, Han Z. Synthesis and copolymerization of benzoxazines with low-dielectric constants and high thermal stability. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra22471f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Wang J, He XY, Liu JT, Liu WB, Yang L. Investigation of the Polymerization Behavior and Regioselectivity of Fluorene Diamine-Based Benzoxazines. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201200531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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23
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Synthesis and characterization of polybenzoxazine containing phosphorus. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-012-1115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Chang HC, Lin CH, Lin HT, Dai SA. Deprotection-free preparation of propargyl ether-containing phosphinated benzoxazine and the structure-property relationship of the resulting thermosets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.25857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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Lin CH, Lin HT, Tian YW, Dai SA, Su WC. Preparation of phosphinated bisphenol from acid‐fragmentation of 1,1,1‐tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethane and its application in high‐performance cyanate esters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching Hsuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hung Tse Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu Wei Tian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shenghong A. Dai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chiung Su
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chung Shan Institute and Technology, Lungtan, Tauyuan, Taiwan
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