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Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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Okabayashi R, Ohta Y, Yokozawa T. Synthesis of Block Copolymers of Polyester and Polystyrene by Means of Cross-Metathesis of Cyclic Unsaturated Polyester and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryouichi Okabayashi
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department of Materials and Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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4
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Allı A, Arı Y, Gökçen M. Novel Poly(linolenic acid) Graft Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterization and Electrical Properties. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-016-2834-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Öztürk T, Yavuz M, Göktaş M, Hazer B. One-step synthesis of triarm block copolymers by simultaneous atom transfer radical and ring-opening polymerization. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1558-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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6
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Ren Y, Wei Z, Leng X, Wang Y, Li Y. Boric acid as biocatalyst for living ring-opening polymerization of ε -caprolactone. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.09.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Ren Y, Gao Q, Zhou C, Wei Z, Zhang Y, Li Y. Facile synthesis of well-defined linear-comb highly branched poly(ε-caprolactone) using hydroxylated polybutadiene and organocatalyst. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra17276k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple method was proposed to synthesize well-defined linear-comb highly branched poly(ε-caprolactone) with high molecular weight and narrow polydispersity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Cheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
| | - Yang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals
- Department of Polymer Materials
- School of Chemical Engineering
- Dalian University of Technology
- Dalian 116024
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8
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Application of two-dimensional chromatography to the characterization of macromolecules and biomacromolecules. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:193-215. [PMID: 25404163 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8266-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Modern polymeric materials are heterogeneous with respect to different structural features, for instance molar mass, composition, and architecture. One-dimensional separation methods such as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) are insufficient to fully resolve the multidimensional distributions of such complex materials. Therefore, two-dimensional separation methods are increasingly employed to characterize macromolecules. The present article describes in detail the advantages and experimental aspects of two-dimensional macromolecular separations. Selected examples will be discussed to explain the strategies used to separate macromolecules with respect to specific structural features.
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Göktaş M, Öztürk T, Atalar MN, Tekeş AT, Hazer B. One-Step Synthesis of Triblock Copolymers via Simultaneous Reversible-Addition Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) and Ring-Opening Polymerization Using a Novel Difunctional Macro-RAFT Agent Based on Polyethylene Glycol. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2014.953366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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10
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One-Pot Synthesis of Poly(linoleic acid)-g-Poly(styrene)-g-Poly(ε-caprolactone) Graft Copolymers. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-014-2418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Themistou E, Battaglia G, Armes SP. Facile synthesis of thiol-functionalized amphiphilic polylactide–methacrylic diblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Application of the evaporative light scattering detector to analytical problems in polymer science. J Chromatogr A 2013; 1310:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Šišková A, Macová E, Corradini D, Berek D. Liquid chromatography of synthetic polymers under critical conditions of enthalpic interactions 4: Sample recovery. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:2979-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201300545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alena Šišková
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Eva Macová
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Danilo Corradini
- Institute of Chemical Methodologies; National Research Council; Rome Italy
| | - Dušan Berek
- Polymer Institute; Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
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14
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Zhang C, Yang Y, He J. Direct Transformation of Living Anionic Polymerization into RAFT-Based Polymerization. Macromolecules 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ma4006457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- The State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of
Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuliang Yang
- The State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of
Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junpo He
- The State
Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of
Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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15
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Schmid C, Falkenhagen J, Beskers TF, Nguyen LTT, Wilhelm M, Du Prez FE, Barner-Kowollik C. Multi-Block Polyurethanes via RAFT End-Group Switching and Their Characterization by Advanced Hyphenated Techniques. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo F. Beskers
- Polymeric Materials, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, D-55120 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Le-Thu T. Nguyen
- Polymer Chemistry
Research Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Polymeric Materials, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry
Research Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Recent developments in the detailed characterization of polymers by multidimensional chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1240:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Revised: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Zorn AM, Barner-Kowollik C. Transformation of macromonomers into ring-opening polymerization macroinitiators: A detailed initiation efficiency study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature's building blocks. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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19
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Schmid C, Weidner S, Falkenhagen J, Barner-Kowollik C. In-Depth LCCC-(GELC)-SEC Characterization of ABA Block Copolymers Generated by a Mechanistic Switch from RAFT to ROP. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2022452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
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20
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Baumgaertel A, Weber C, Fritz N, Festag G, Altuntaş E, Kempe K, Hoogenboom R, Schubert US. Characterization of poly(2-oxazoline) homo- and copolymers by liquid chromatography at critical conditions. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:8370-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2011] [Revised: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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Zorn AM, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C. A Detailed Investigation of the Free Radical Copolymerization Behavior of n-Butyl Acrylate Macromonomers. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma201345m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Marie Zorn
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Institute for Materials Research
(IMO), Polymer Reaction Design Group, Universiteit Hasselt, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, BE-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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22
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Harvison MA, Roth PJ, Davis TP, Lowe AB. End Group Reactions of RAFT-Prepared (Co)Polymers. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the chemistry of thiocarbonylthio groups with an emphasis on chemistry conducted at ω or α and ω chain-ends in copolymers prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We begin by giving a general overview of reactions associated with the thiocarbonylthio groups, followed by examples associated with macromolecular thiols.
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23
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Lefay C, Glé D, Rollet M, Mazzolini J, Bertin D, Viel S, Schmid C, Boisson C, D'Agosto F, Gigmes D, Barner-Kowollik C. Block copolymers via macromercaptan initiated ring opening polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.24496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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