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Mass Spectrometry of Esterified Cyclodextrins. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052001. [PMID: 36903247 PMCID: PMC10003902 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides that have received special attention due to their cavity-based structural architecture that imbues them with outstanding properties, primarily related to their capacity to host various guest molecules, from low-molecular-mass compounds to polymers. Cyclodextrin derivatization has been always accompanied by the development of characterization methods, able to unfold complicated structures with increasing precision. One of the important leaps forward is represented by mass spectrometry techniques with soft ionization, mainly matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this context, esterified cyclodextrins (ECDs) benefited also from the formidable input of structural knowledge, thus allowing the understanding of the structural impact of reaction parameters on the obtained products, especially for the ring-opening oligomerization of cyclic esters. The current review envisages the common mass spectrometry approaches such as direct MALDI MS or ESI MS analysis, hyphenated liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tandem mass spectrometry, employed for unraveling the structural features and particular processes associated with ECDs. Thus, the accurate description of complex architectures, advances in the gas phase fragmentation processes, assessment of secondary reactions, and reaction kinetics are discussed in addition to typical molecular mass measurements.
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Peptu C, Blaj DA, Balan-Porcarasu M, Rydz J. Cyclodextrin-Oligocaprolactone Derivatives-Synthesis and Advanced Structural Characterization by MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1436. [PMID: 35406308 PMCID: PMC9003485 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins have previously been proven to be active in the catalysis of cyclic ester ring-opening reactions, hypothetically in a similar way to lipase-catalyzed reactions. However, the way they act remains unclear. Here, we focus on β-cyclodextrin's involvement in the synthesis and characterization of β-cyclodextrin-oligocaprolactone (CDCL) products obtained via the organo-catalyzed ring-opening of ε-caprolactone. Previously, bulk or supercritical carbon dioxide polymerizations has led to inhomogeneous products. Our approach consists of solution polymerization (dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethylformamide) to obtain homogeneous CDCL derivatives with four monomer units on average. Oligomerization kinetics, performed by a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) optimized method in tandem with 1H NMR, revealed that monomer conversion occurs in two stages: first, the monomer is rapidly attached to the secondary OH groups of β-cyclodextrin and, secondly, the monomer conversion is slower with attachment to the primary OH groups. MALDI MS was further employed for the measurement of the ring-opening kinetics to establish the influence of the solvents as well as the effect of organocatalysts (4-dimethylaminopyridine and (-)-sparteine). Additionally, the mass spectrometry structural evaluation was further enhanced by fragmentation studies which confirmed the attachment of oligoesters to the cyclodextrin and the cleavage of dimethylformamide amide bonds during the ring-opening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Peptu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (M.B.-P.)
- Polish-Romanian Laboratory ADVAPOL, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland and Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana-Andreea Blaj
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu
- Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (D.-A.B.); (M.B.-P.)
| | - Joanna Rydz
- Polish-Romanian Laboratory ADVAPOL, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland and Aleea Grigore Ghica Voda, 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, M. Curie-Skłodowska 34, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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Blaj DA, Balan-Porcarasu M, Petre BA, Harabagiu V, Peptu C. MALDI mass spectrometry monitoring of cyclodextrin-oligolactide derivatives synthesis. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Chizhov AO, Tsvetkov YE, Nifantiev NE. Gas-Phase Fragmentation of Cyclic Oligosaccharides in Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24122226. [PMID: 31207901 PMCID: PMC6631135 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24122226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern mass spectrometry, including electrospray and MALDI, is applied for analysis and structure elucidation of carbohydrates. Cyclic oligosaccharides isolated from different sources (bacteria and plants) have been known for decades and some of them (cyclodextrins and their derivatives) are widely used in drug design, as food additives, in the construction of nanomaterials, etc. The peculiarities of the first- and second-order mass spectra of cyclic oligosaccharides (natural, synthetic and their derivatives and modifications: cyclodextrins, cycloglucans, cyclofructans, cyclooligoglucosamines, etc.) are discussed in this minireview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander O Chizhov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Yury E Tsvetkov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Science, Leninskii Prosp., 47, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
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Peptu C, Danchenko M, Škultéty Ľ, Mosnáček J. Structural Architectural Features of Cyclodextrin Oligoesters Revealed by Fragmentation Mass Spectrometry Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092259. [PMID: 30189595 PMCID: PMC6225376 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins (CDs) were used in the present study for the ring-opening oligomerization (ROO) of l-lactide (LA) in order to synthesize biodegradable products with possible applications in pharmaceutical and medical fields. The practical importance of ROO reactions may reside in the possibility of synthesizing novel CD derivatives with high purity due to the dual role played by CDs, the role of the initiator through the hydroxylic groups, and the role of the catalyst by monomer inclusion in the CD cavity. The analyzed compounds were CDs modified with oligolactides obtained through ROO reactions of l-lactide in dimethylformamide. The resulting CD isomeric mixtures were investigated using classical characterization techniques such as gel permeation chromatography and nuclear magnetic resonance. Moreover, advanced mass spectrometry (MS) techniques were employed for the determination of the average number of monomer units attached to the cyclodextrin and the architecture of the derivatives (if the monomer units were attached as a single chain or as multiple chains). Thus, fragmentation studies effectuated on two different instruments (ESI Q-TOF and MALDI TOF) allowed us to correlate the size of the oligolactide chains attached to the CD with the observed fragmentation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Peptu
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania.
| | - Maksym Danchenko
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ľudovít Škultéty
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84505 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Peptu C, Balan-Porcarasu M, Šišková A, Škultéty Ľ, Mosnáček J. Cyclodextrins tethered with oligolactides - green synthesis and structural assessment. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:779-792. [PMID: 28546834 PMCID: PMC5433207 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable oligolactide derivatives based on α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) were synthesized by a green procedure in which CDs play the role of both the initiator and the catalyst. The synthetic procedure in which CDs and L-lactide (L-LA) are reacting in bulk at relatively high temperature of 110 °C was investigated considering the structural composition of the products. The obtained products were thoroughly characterized via mass spectrometry methods with soft ionization like matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and electrospray ionization (ESI). Liquid chromatography (LC) separation with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) and NMR analysis were employed in order to elucidate the structural profiles of the obtained mixtures. The results clearly demonstrate that the cyclodextrins were tethered with more than one short oligolactate chain per CD molecule, predominantly at the methylene group, through ring opening of L-LA initiated by primary OH groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Peptu
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia.,"Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Alee Grigore Gica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihaela Balan-Porcarasu
- "Petru Poni" Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Alee Grigore Gica Voda 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alena Šišková
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Ľudovít Škultéty
- Institute of Virology, Biomedical Research Center Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 84541 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Nogueira G, Favrelle A, Bria M, Prates Ramalho JP, Mendes PJ, Valente A, Zinck P. Adenine as an organocatalyst for the ring-opening polymerization of lactide: scope, mechanism and access to adenine-functionalized polylactide. REACT CHEM ENG 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6re00061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Straightforward access to a bioconjugate is reported via adenine initiated ring-opening polymerization without a co-catalyst. The mechanism is elucidated by DFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Nogueira
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)
- UMR CNRS 8181, ENSCL
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - Audrey Favrelle
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)
- UMR CNRS 8181, ENSCL
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - Marc Bria
- Centre Commun de Mesure RMN
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
| | - João P. Prates Ramalho
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química de Évora
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- 7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - Paulo J. Mendes
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química de Évora
- Escola de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade de Évora
- 7000-671 Évora
- Portugal
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Química Estrutural
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa
- 1749-016 Lisboa
- Portugal
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS)
- UMR CNRS 8181, ENSCL
- Université de Lille
- F-59000 Lille
- France
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Huin C, Eskandani Z, Badi N, Farcas A, Bennevault-Celton V, Guégan P. Anionic ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide in DMF with cyclodextrin derivatives as new initiators. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 94:323-31. [PMID: 23544545 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.12.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/13/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Anionic polymerization initiated by cyclodextrins suffers from a poor solubility of those derivatives in standard polymerization solvents. The possibility to perform ethylene oxide polymerization initiated by monofunctional initiators (allyl alcohol, 2-methoxyethanol) by living ring opening polymerization in DMF, a good solvent for any CD derivative, was demonstrated by SEC, (1)H and (13)C NMR analyses. The study was extended to the use of native CD as initiator, leading to the synthesis of ill-defined structures, explained by the reactivity scale of the various hydroxyl functions. Two selectively modified CD derivatives are then used to synthesize a new family of star-shaped poly(ethylene oxide) polymers with CD core, having 14 or 21 arms. The polymerization was found to be living and DOSY experiments confirmed the well-defined structures for the synthesized star-polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Huin
- LAMBE, UMR8587 UEVE-CNRS-CEA, Bld Fr. Mitterrand, 91000 Evry, France
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Kawalec M, Coulembier O, Gerbaux P, Sobota M, De Winter J, Dubois P, Kowalczuk M, Kurcok P. Traces do matter—Purity of 4-methyl-2-oxetanone and its effect on anionic ring-opening polymerization as evidenced by phosphazene superbase catalysis. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2012.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Normand M, Kirillov E, Carpentier JF, Guillaume SM. Cyclodextrin-Centered Polyesters: Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters from β-Cyclodextrin-Diol. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma202400e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mickael Normand
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
(UMR 6226), CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Evgueni Kirillov
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
(UMR 6226), CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Jean-François Carpentier
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
(UMR 6226), CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Sophie M. Guillaume
- Sciences Chimiques de Rennes
(UMR 6226), CNRS, Université de Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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11
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Miao Y, Zinck P. Ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters initiated by cyclodextrins. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00567k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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Access to new carbohydrate-functionalized polylactides via organocatalyzed ring-opening polymerization. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Regioselective allylation of cyclomaltoheptaose (β-cyclodextrin) leading to per(2,6-di-O-hydroxypropyl-3-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:2414-20. [PMID: 21945384 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The selective modification of cyclodextrins remains a real challenge to obtain well-defined structures. The targeted cycloheptakis-(1→4)-2,6-di-O-hydroxypropyl-3-O-methyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl [per(2,6-di-O-hydroxypropyl-3-O-methyl)-β-CD] was obtained by a three-step procedure. The selective allylation of the hydroxyl functions at the positions 2 and 6 was used as a first step. This reaction was revisited then enlarged to α and γ-CDs to determine new conditions for a one-step synthesis in high yield. The per(2,6-di-O-allyl)-β-CD derivative was then reacted with iodomethane to provide per(2,6-di-O-allyl-3-O-methyl)-β-CD. Oxidative hydroboration of the allyl functions was then carried out in order to obtain a new CD derivative with seven primary hydroxyl functions on each side of the truncated cone, having a similar reactivity.
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