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Desgranges A, D'Agosto F, Boisson C. Rare-Earth Metallocenes for Polymerization of Olefins and Conjugated Dienes: From Fundamental Studies to Olefin Block Copolymers. Chempluschem 2024:e202400262. [PMID: 38853764 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The various steps in the mechanism of olefin polymerizations mediated by neutral rare-earth metallocene complexes are discussed. The complexes are either trivalent hydride and alkyl rare-earth compounds or divalent metallocenes that are activated by the monomer via an oxidation step. The stereospecific polymerizations of conjugated dienes based on the association of a cationic metallocene complex and an alkylaluminum and the polymerization mechanism based on monomer insertion into an aluminum-carbon bond are also discussed. The exploitation of metallocene complexes for the copolymerization of olefins with conjugated dienes is the subject of a third part of this review. The synthesis of new elastomers called ethylene butadiene rubber (EBR) is highlighted. Finally, the use of rare-earth metallocenes in macromolecular engineering is detailed. This includes the synthesis of functional polyolefins and block copolymers including thermoplastic elastomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Desgranges
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- ChemistLab, Michelin CP2 M ICBMS joint Laboratory, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- Manufacture des Pneumatiques Michelin, 23 place Carmes Déchaux, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Franck D'Agosto
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- ChemistLab, Michelin CP2 M ICBMS joint Laboratory, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Boisson
- CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5128, Catalysis, Polymerization, Processes and Materials (CP2M), Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
- ChemistLab, Michelin CP2 M ICBMS joint Laboratory, 69616, Villeurbanne, France
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2
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Mundil R, Bravo C, Merle N, Zinck P. Coordinative Chain Transfer and Chain Shuttling Polymerization. Chem Rev 2024; 124:210-244. [PMID: 38085864 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Coordinative chain transfer polymerization, CCTP, is a degenerative chain transfer polymerization process that has a wide range of applications. It allows a highly controlled synthesis of polyolefins, stereoregular polydienes, and stereoregular polystyrene, including (stereo)block as well as statistical copolymers thereof. It also shows a green character by allowing catalyst economy during the synthesis of such polymers. CCTP notably allows the end functionalization of both the commodity and stereoregular specialty polymers aforementionned, control of the composition of statistical copolymers without adjusting the feed, and quantitative formation of 1-alkenes from ethene. A one-pot one-step synthesis of the original multiblock microstructures and architectures by chain shuttling polymerization (CSP) is also an asset of CCTP. This methodology takes advantage of the simultaneous presence of two catalysts of different selectivity toward comonomers that produce blocks of different composition/microstructure, while still allowing the chain transfer. This affords the production of highly performant functional polymers, such as thermoplastic elastomers and adhesives, among others. This approach has been extended to cyclic esters' and ethers' ring-opening polymerization, providing new types of multiblock microstructure. The present Review provides the state of the art in the field with a focus on the last 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Mundil
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova, 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Catarina Bravo
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Nicolas Merle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philippe Zinck
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181 - UCCS - Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
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3
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Dau H, Jones GR, Tsogtgerel E, Nguyen D, Keyes A, Liu YS, Rauf H, Ordonez E, Puchelle V, Basbug Alhan H, Zhao C, Harth E. Linear Block Copolymer Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:14471-14553. [PMID: 35960550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Block copolymers form the basis of the most ubiquitous materials such as thermoplastic elastomers, bridge interphases in polymer blends, and are fundamental for the development of high-performance materials. The driving force to further advance these materials is the accessibility of block copolymers, which have a wide variety in composition, functional group content, and precision of their structure. To advance and broaden the application of block copolymers will depend on the nature of combined segmented blocks, guided through the combination of polymerization techniques to reach a high versatility in block copolymer architecture and function. This review provides the most comprehensive overview of techniques to prepare linear block copolymers and is intended to serve as a guideline on how polymerization techniques can work together to result in desired block combinations. As the review will give an account of the relevant procedures and access areas, the sections will include orthogonal approaches or sequentially combined polymerization techniques, which increases the synthetic options for these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Dau
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Glen R Jones
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Enkhjargal Tsogtgerel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Dung Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Anthony Keyes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Yu-Sheng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hasaan Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Estela Ordonez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Valentin Puchelle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Hatice Basbug Alhan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Chenying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
| | - Eva Harth
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Center for Excellence in Chemistry, CEPC, Houston, Texas 77004, United States
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4
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Fortuin L, Leshabane M, Pfukwa R, Coertzen D, Birkholtz LM, Klumperman B. Facile Route to Targeted, Biodegradable Polymeric Prodrugs for the Delivery of Combination Therapy for Malaria. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6217-6227. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Fortuin
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Meta Leshabane
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Rueben Pfukwa
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Dina Coertzen
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Lyn-Marie Birkholtz
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
| | - Bert Klumperman
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag
X1, Matieland 7602, South Africa
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5
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Goring PD, Morton C, Scott P. End-functional polyolefins for block copolymer synthesis. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:3521-3530. [PMID: 30762061 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt00087a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polyolefins that contain polar functionalities are highly desired because they could extend the range of applications of these low production cost materials by modifying surface and other interfacial properties. Block copolymers containing polyolefin and polar segments are among the most sought-after architectures because of their ability to span the phase boundaries. This review focusses on the end-functionalisation of polyolefins by catalytic olefin polymerisation processes, almost invariably by metal-catalysed routes, followed by the growth polar blocks by various polymerisation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Goring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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6
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Moreira G, Fedeli E, Ziarelli F, Capitani D, Mannina L, Charles L, Viel S, Gigmes D, Lefay C. Synthesis of polystyrene-grafted cellulose acetate copolymers via nitroxide-mediated polymerization. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00752f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose acetate-g-polystyrene grafted copolymers have been synthesized by NMP under homogeneous conditions by using the 1,2-intermolecular radical addition methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Moreira
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Elisabetta Fedeli
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Fabio Ziarelli
- Aix Marseille Université
- Centrale Marseille
- CNRS
- Fédération des Sciences Chimiques FR 1739
- F-13397 Marseille
| | - Donatella Capitani
- Laboratorio NMR “Annalaura Segre”
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche
- Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche
- I-00015 Monterotondo
- Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Laboratorio NMR “Annalaura Segre”
- Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche
- Centro Nazionale delle Ricerche
- I-00015 Monterotondo
- Italy
| | - Laurence Charles
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Stéphane Viel
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
| | - Catherine Lefay
- Aix Marseille Université
- CNRS
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273
- 13397 Marseille Cedex 20
- France
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Themistou E, Battaglia G, Armes SP. Facile synthesis of thiol-functionalized amphiphilic polylactide–methacrylic diblock copolymers. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01446k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Dommanget C, Boisson C, Charleux B, D’Agosto F, Monteil V, Boisson F, Junkers T, Barner-Kowollik C, Guillaneuf Y, Gigmes D. Enhanced Spin Capturing Polymerization of Ethylene. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3014806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Dommanget
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse
Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), LCPP Team, Université de Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265,
Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Boisson
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse
Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), LCPP Team, Université de Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265,
Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Bernadette Charleux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse
Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), LCPP Team, Université de Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265,
Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Franck D’Agosto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse
Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), LCPP Team, Université de Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265,
Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Vincent Monteil
- Laboratoire de Chimie Catalyse
Polymères et Procédés (C2P2), LCPP Team, Université de Lyon 1, CPE Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5265,
Bat 308F, 43 Bd du 11 novembre 1918, F-69616 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fernande Boisson
- Service de RMN Polymères
de l’ICL, Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5223, INSA-Lyon, F-69621, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Tanja Junkers
- Institute for Materials Research,
Polymer Reaction Design Group, Universiteit Hasselt, Agoralaan, Gebouw D, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr.
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Yohann Guillaneuf
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire,
UMR 7273, Av. Esc. Normandie Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Institut de Chimie Radicalaire,
UMR 7273, Av. Esc. Normandie Niemen, 13397 Marseille Cedex 20, France
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9
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Schmid C, Falkenhagen J, Beskers TF, Nguyen LTT, Wilhelm M, Du Prez FE, Barner-Kowollik C. Multi-Block Polyurethanes via RAFT End-Group Switching and Their Characterization by Advanced Hyphenated Techniques. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301117k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse
11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo F. Beskers
- Polymeric Materials, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
- PSS Polymer Standards Service GmbH, In der Dalheimer Wiese 5, D-55120 Mainz,
Germany
| | - Le-Thu T. Nguyen
- Polymer Chemistry
Research Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manfred Wilhelm
- Polymeric Materials, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Filip E. Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry
Research Group,
Department of Organic Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry,
Institut für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse
18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
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10
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SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF OPTICALLY ACTIVE POLY(PHENYLACETYLENE) WITH POLYLACTIDE SIDE CHAINS. ACTA POLYM SIN 2012. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1105.2012.11177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Dorff G, Hahn M, Laschewsky A, Lieske A. Optimization of the property profile of poly-L-lactide by synthesis of PLLA-polystyrene-block copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Gregory A, Stenzel MH. Complex polymer architectures via RAFT polymerization: From fundamental process to extending the scope using click chemistry and nature's building blocks. Prog Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2011.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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13
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Moad G, Rizzardo E, Thang SH. Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process – A Third Update. Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 825] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper provides a third update to the review of reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) achieved with thiocarbonylthio compounds (ZC(=S)SR) by a mechanism of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) that was published in June 2005 (Aust. J. Chem. 2005, 58, 379). The first update was published in November 2006 (Aust. J. Chem. 2006, 59, 669) and the second in December 2009 (Aust. J. Chem. 2009, 62, 1402). This review cites over 700 publications that appeared during the period mid 2009 to early 2012 covering various aspects of RAFT polymerization which include reagent synthesis and properties, kinetics and mechanism of polymerization, novel polymer syntheses, and a diverse range of applications. This period has witnessed further significant developments, particularly in the areas of novel RAFT agents, techniques for end-group transformation, the production of micro/nanoparticles and modified surfaces, and biopolymer conjugates both for therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
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14
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Mazzolini J, Boyron O, Monteil V, D’Agosto F, Boisson C, Sanders GC, Heuts JPA, Duchateau R, Gigmes D, Bertin D. Polyethylene end functionalization using thia-Michael addition chemistry. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py20199b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Schmid C, Weidner S, Falkenhagen J, Barner-Kowollik C. In-Depth LCCC-(GELC)-SEC Characterization of ABA Block Copolymers Generated by a Mechanistic Switch from RAFT to ROP. Macromolecules 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ma2022452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schmid
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Steffen Weidner
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Falkenhagen
- BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter-Strasse 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Preparative Macromolecular Chemistry, Institut
für Technische Chemie und Polymerchemie, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 18, 76128
Karlsruhe, Germany
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16
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Roth PJ, Boyer C, Lowe AB, Davis TP. RAFT Polymerization and Thiol Chemistry: A Complementary Pairing for Implementing Modern Macromolecular Design. Macromol Rapid Commun 2011; 32:1123-43. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201100127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Harvison MA, Roth PJ, Davis TP, Lowe AB. End Group Reactions of RAFT-Prepared (Co)Polymers. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch11152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights the chemistry of thiocarbonylthio groups with an emphasis on chemistry conducted at ω or α and ω chain-ends in copolymers prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) radical polymerization. We begin by giving a general overview of reactions associated with the thiocarbonylthio groups, followed by examples associated with macromolecular thiols.
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