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Onita K, Onishi M, Omura T, Wakiya T, Suzuki T, Minami H. Preparation of Monodisperse Bio-Based Polymer Particles via Dispersion Polymerization. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7341-7345. [PMID: 35652571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monodisperse bio-based polymer particles were successfully prepared through the dispersion polymerization of tulip-derived α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) in N,N-dimethylformamide/ethanol (7/3, w/w) at 65 °C with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) as a colloidal stabilizer. The diameter of the polymer particles was well controlled by changing the composition of the reaction medium or PVP concentration. Furthermore, 100% bio-based poly(MBL) (PMBL) particles were prepared via the dispersion polymerization of MBL in water using hydrolyzed PMBL as a colloidal stabilizer, which was synthesized by hydrolysis of PMBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhiro Onita
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Miku Onishi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Taro Omura
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Takeshi Wakiya
- High Performance Plastics Company Research & Development Institute, Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., 2-1 Hyakuyama, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-0021, Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Hideto Minami
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Rokko, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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2
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Chen Y, Chen Z, Jiang L, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhu H, Roesky HW. One- and Two-Electron Transfer Oxidation of 1,4-Disilabenzene with Formation of Stable Radical Cations and Dications. Chemistry 2021; 28:e202103715. [PMID: 34837718 PMCID: PMC9299862 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202103715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Electron‐transferable oxidants such as B(C6F5)3/nBuLi, B(C6F5)3/LiB(C6F5)4, B(C6F5)3/LiHBEt3, Al(C6F5)3/(o‐RC6H4)AlH2 (R=N(CMe2CH2)2CH2), B(C6F5)3/AlEt3, Al(C6F5)3, Al(C6F5)3/nBuLi, Al(C6F5)3/AlMe3, (CuC6F5)4, and Ag2SO4, respectively were employed for reactions with (L)2Si2C4(SiMe3)2(C2SiMe3)2 (L=PhC(NtBu)2, 1). The stable radical cation [1]+. was formed and paired with the anions [nBuB(C6F5)3]− (in 2), [B(C6F5)4]− (in 3), [HB(C6F5)3]− (in 4), [EtB(C6F5)3]− (in 5), {[(C6F5)3Al]2(μ‐F)]− (in 6), [nBuAl(C6F5)3]− (in 7), and [Cu(C6F5)2]− (in 8), respectively. The stable dication [1]2+ was also generated with the anions [EtB(C6F5)3]− (9) and [MeAl(C6F5)3]− (10), respectively. In addition, the neutral compound [(L)2Si2C4(SiMe3)2(C2SiMe3)2][μ‐O2S(O)2] (11) was obtained. Compounds 2–11 are characterized by UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy, X‐ray crystallography, and elemental analysis. Compounds 2–8 are analyzed by EPR spectroscopy and compounds 9–11 by NMR spectroscopy. The structure features are discussed on the central Si2C4‐rings of 1, [1]+., [1]2+, and 11, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zhikang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Liuyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Jiancheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yiling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Hongping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, National Engineering Laboratory for Green Chemical Productions of Alcohols-Ethers-Esters, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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3
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Roy MMD, Omaña AA, Wilson ASS, Hill MS, Aldridge S, Rivard E. Molecular Main Group Metal Hydrides. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12784-12965. [PMID: 34450005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This review serves to document advances in the synthesis, versatile bonding, and reactivity of molecular main group metal hydrides within Groups 1, 2, and 12-16. Particular attention will be given to the emerging use of said hydrides in the rapidly expanding field of Main Group element-mediated catalysis. While this review is comprehensive in nature, focus will be given to research appearing in the open literature since 2001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M D Roy
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Alvaro A Omaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Andrew S S Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Michael S Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Aldridge
- Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QR, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rivard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, 11227 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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4
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Mousa M, Bergenudd H, Kron AL, Malmström E. Biobased Lactones—Exploring Their Free-Radical Polymerization and Polymer Properties. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mousa
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Division of Coating Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Bergenudd
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, Box
13000, Sundsvall SE-850 13, Sweden
| | - Anna Larsson Kron
- Nouryon Pulp and Performance Chemicals AB, Box
13000, Sundsvall SE-850 13, Sweden
| | - Eva Malmström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, School of Engineering Science in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, Division of Coating Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden
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5
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Fouilloux H, Thomas CM. Production and Polymerization of Biobased Acrylates and Analogs. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2000530. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Fouilloux
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
| | - Christophe M. Thomas
- PSL University Chimie ParisTech CNRS Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris Paris 75005 France
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6
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Bai Y, Wang H, He J, Zhang Y. Living polymerization of naturally renewable butyrolactone-based vinylidenes mediated by a frustrated Lewis pair. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00924a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The frustrated Lewis pair composed of an organophosphorus(iii) superbase and a bulky organoaluminum Lewis acid promoted the living/controlled polymerization of naturally renewable butyrolactone-based vinylidenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Huaiyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Jianghua He
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, China
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L. McGraw
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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8
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Kollár J, Danko M, Pippig F, Mosnáček J. Functional Polymers and Polymeric Materials From Renewable Alpha-Unsaturated Gamma-Butyrolactones. Front Chem 2019; 7:845. [PMID: 31921769 PMCID: PMC6923188 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustainable chemistry requires application of green processes and often starting materials originate from renewable resources. Biomass-derived monomers based on five-membered γ-butyrolactone ring represent suitable candidates to replace sources of fossil origin. α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone, β-hydroxy-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone, and β- and γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactones bearing exocyclic double bond are available directly by isolation from plants or derived from itaconic or levulinic acids available from biomass feedstock. Exocyclic double bond with structural similarity with methacrylates is highly reactive in chain-growth polymerization. Reaction involves the linking of monomer molecules through vinyl double bonds in the presence of initiators typical for radical, anionic, zwitterionic, group-transfer, organocatalytic, and coordination polymerizations. The formed polymers containing pendant ring are characterized by high glass transition temperature (T g > 195°C) and render decent heat, weathering, scratch, and solvent resistance. The monomers can also be hydrolyzed to open the lactone ring and form water-soluble monomers. Subsequent radical copolymerization in the presence of cross-linker can yield to hydrogels with superior degree of swelling and highly tunable characteristics, depending on the external stimuli. The five-membered lactone ring allows copolymerization of these compounds by ring opening polymerization to provide polyesters with preserved methylene functionality. In addition, both the lactone ring and the methylene double bond can be attacked by amines. Polyaddition with di- or multi-amines leads to functional poly(amidoamines) with properties tunable by structure of the amines. In this mini-review, we summarize the synthetic procedures for preparation of polymeric materials with interesting properties, including thermoplastic elastomers, acrylic latexes, stimuli-sensitive superabsorbent hydrogels, functional biocompatible polyesters, and poly(amidoamines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jozef Kollár
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Martin Danko
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Falko Pippig
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Department of Synthesis and Characterization of Polymers, Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Centre for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
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9
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Wang Z, Poli R, Detrembleur C, Debuigne A. Organometallic-Mediated Radical (Co)polymerization of γ-Methylene-γ-Butyrolactone: Access to pH-Responsive Poly(vinyl alcohol) Derivatives. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqun Wang
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Rinaldo Poli
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination) and Université de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, 205 route de Narbonne, BP 44099, 31077 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 1, rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Christophe Detrembleur
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Debuigne
- Center for Education and Research on Macromolecules (CERM), CESAM Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, University of Liege, Allée de la Chimie B6A, 4000 Liège, Belgium
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10
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Danko M, Basko M, Ďurkáčová S, Duda A, Mosnáček J. Functional Polyesters with Pendant Double Bonds Prepared by Coordination–Insertion and Cationic Ring-Opening Copolymerizations of ε-Caprolactone with Renewable Tulipalin A. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Danko
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Malgorzata Basko
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Slávka Ďurkáčová
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Andrzej Duda
- Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslav Mosnáček
- Polymer Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 41 Bratislava, Slovakia
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11
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12
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Trotta JT, Jin M, Stawiasz KJ, Michaudel Q, Chen WL, Fors BP. Synthesis of methylene butyrolactone polymers from itaconic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob T. Trotta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Mengyuan Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Katherine J. Stawiasz
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Quentin Michaudel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Wei-Liang Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Brett P. Fors
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
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13
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Tang X, Hong M, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. The Quest for Converting Biorenewable Bifunctional α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone into Degradable and Recyclable Polyester: Controlling Vinyl-Addition/Ring-Opening/Cross-Linking Pathways. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:14326-14337. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b07974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Miao Hong
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Laura Falivene
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa
Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Physical
Sciences and Engineering Division, Kaust Catalysis Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia, Università di Salerno, Via Papa
Paolo Giovanni II, I-84084, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department
of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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14
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Miyake GM, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Polymerizability of Exo
-methylene-lactide toward vinyl addition and ring opening. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523
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15
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Tang J, Chen EYX. Organopolymerization of naturally occurring Tulipalin B: a hydroxyl-functionalized methylene butyrolactone. Org Chem Front 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5qo00262a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Naturally occurring, OH-containing, tri-functional Tulipalin B has been successfully polymerized by N-heterocyclic carbene and phosphazene superbase catalysts into polymers with Mn up to 13.2 kg mol−1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- Department of Chemistry
- Colorado State University
- Fort Collins
- USA
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16
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Isikgor FH, Becer CR. Lignocellulosic biomass: a sustainable platform for the production of bio-based chemicals and polymers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00263j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1492] [Impact Index Per Article: 165.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The ongoing research activities in the field of lignocellulosic biomass for production of value-added chemicals and polymers that can be utilized to replace petroleum-based materials are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Remzi Becer
- School of Engineering and Materials Science
- Queen Mary University of London
- E1 4NS London
- UK
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18
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Higaki Y, Okazaki R, Ishikawa T, Kikuchi M, Ohta N, Takahara A. Chain stiffness and chain conformation of poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) in dilute solutions. POLYMER 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2014.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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19
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Hillmyer MA, Tolman WB. Aliphatic polyester block polymers: renewable, degradable, and sustainable. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:2390-6. [PMID: 24852135 DOI: 10.1021/ar500121d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all polymers are derived from nonrenewable fossil resources, and their disposal at their end of use presents significant environmental problems. Nonetheless, polymers are ubiquitous, key components in myriad technologies and are simply indispensible for modern society. An important overarching goal in contemporary polymer research is to develop sustainable alternatives to "petro-polymers" that have competitive performance properties and price, are derived from renewable resources, and may be easily and safely recycled or degraded. Aliphatic polyesters are particularly attractive targets that may be prepared in highly controlled fashion by ring-opening polymerization of bioderived lactones. However, property profiles of polyesters derived from single monomers (homopolymers) can limit their applications, thus demanding alternative strategies. One such strategy is to link distinct polymeric segments in an A-B-A fashion, with A and B chosen to be thermodynamically incompatible so that they can self-organize on a nanometer-length scale and adopt morphologies that endow them with tunable properties. For example, such triblock copolymers can be useful as thermoplastic elastomers, in pressure sensitive adhesive formulations, and as toughening modifiers. Inspired by the tremendous utility of petroleum-derived styrenic triblock copolymers, we aimed to develop syntheses and understand the structure-property profiles of sustainable alternatives, focusing on all renewable and all readily degradable aliphatic polyester triblocks as targets. Building upon oxidation chemistry reported more than a century ago, a constituent of the peppermint plant, (-)-menthol, was converted to the ε-caprolactone derivative menthide. Using a diol initiator and controlled catalysis, menthide was polymerized to yield a low glass transition temperature telechelic polymer (PM) that was then further functionalized using the biomass-derived monomer lactide (LA) to yield fully renewable PLA-PM-PLA triblock copolymers. These new materials were microphase-separated and could be fashioned as high-performing thermoplastic elastomers, with properties comparable to commercial styrenic triblock copolymers. Examination of their hydrolytic degradation (pH 7.4, 37 °C) revealed retention of properties over a significant period, indicating potential utility in biomedical devices. In addition, they were shown to be useful in pressure-sensitive adhesives formulations and as nucleating agents for crystallization of commercially relevant PLA. More recently, new triblocks have been prepared through variation of each of the segments. The natural product α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL) was used to prepare triblocks with poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (PMBL) end blocks, PMBL-PM-PMBL. These materials exibited impressive mechanical properties that were largely retained at 100 °C, thus offering application advantages over triblock copolymers comprising poly(styrene) end blocks. In addition, replacements for PM were explored, including the polymer derived from 6-methyl caprolactone (MCL). In sum, success in the synthesis of fully renewable and degradable ABA triblock copolymers with useful properties was realized. This approach has great promise for the development of new, sustainable polymeric materials as viable alternatives to nonrenewable petroleum-derived polymers in numerous applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Hillmyer
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - William B. Tolman
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant
Street Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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20
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Hong M, Chen EYX. Coordination Ring-Opening Copolymerization of Naturally Renewable α-Methylene-γ-butyrolactone into Unsaturated Polyesters. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5007717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
| | - Eugene Y.-X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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21
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Schmitt M, Falivene L, Caporaso L, Cavallo L, Chen EYX. High-speed organocatalytic polymerization of a renewable methylene butyrolactone by a phosphazene superbase. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3py01579c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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22
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Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Polymerization of nonfood biomass-derived monomers to sustainable polymers. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 353:185-227. [PMID: 24699900 DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The development of sustainable routes to fine chemicals, liquid fuels, and polymeric materials from natural resources has attracted significant attention from academia, industry, the general public, and governments owing to dwindling fossil resources, surging energy demand, global warming concerns, and other environmental problems. Cellulosic material, such as grasses, trees, corn stover, or wheat straw, is the most abundant nonfood renewable biomass resources on earth. Such annually renewable material can potentially meet our future needs with a low carbon footprint if it can be efficiently converted into fuels, value added chemicals, or polymeric materials. This chapter focuses on various renewable monomers derived directly from cellulose or cellulose platforms and corresponding sustainable polymers or copolymers produced therefrom. Recent advances related to the polymerization processes and the properties of novel biomass-derived polymers are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130012, People's Republic of China,
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He J, Zhang Y, Chen EYX. Anionic polymerization of biomass-derived furfuryl methacrylate: Controlling polymer tacticity and thermoreversibility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianghua He
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872
| | - Eugene Y. X. Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Colorado State University; Fort Collins Colorado 80523-1872
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24
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Xu S, Huang J, Xu S, Luo Y. RAFT ab initio emulsion copolymerization of γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone and styrene. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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Shin J, Lee Y, Tolman WB, Hillmyer MA. Thermoplastic elastomers derived from menthide and tulipalin A. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:3833-40. [PMID: 23062206 DOI: 10.1021/bm3012852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Renewable ABA triblock copolymers were prepared by sequential polymerization of the plant-based monomers menthide and α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone (MBL or tulipalin A). Ring-opening transesterification polymerization of menthide using diethylene glycol as an initiator gave α,ω-dihydroxy poly(menthide) (HO-PM-OH), which was converted to α,ω-dibromo end-functionalized poly(menthide) (Br-PM-Br) by esterification with excess 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide. The resulting 100 kg mol(-1) Br-PM-Br macroinitiator was used for the atom transfer radical polymerization of MBL. Four poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone)-b-poly(menthide)-b-poly(α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone) (PMBL-PM-PMBL) triblock copolymers were prepared containing 6-20 wt % PMBL, as determined by NMR spectroscopy. Small-angle X-ray scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, and atomic force microscopy experiments supported microphase separation in the four samples. The mechanical behavior of the triblocks was investigated by tensile and elastic recovery experiments. The tensile properties at both ambient and elevated temperature show that these materials are useful candidates for high-performance and renewable thermoplastic elastomer materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Shin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Polymers, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455-0431, USA
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26
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Ménard G, Stephan DW. H2 Activation and Hydride Transfer to Olefins by Al(C6F5)3-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:8272-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201203362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Ménard G, Stephan DW. H2 Activation and Hydride Transfer to Olefins by Al(C6F5)3-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201203362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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28
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Hu Y, Miyake GM, Wang B, Cui D, Chen EYX. ansa-Rare-Earth-Metal Catalysts for Rapid and Stereoselective Polymerization of Renewable Methylene Methylbutyrolactones. Chemistry 2012; 18:3345-54. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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Agarwal S, Jin Q, Maji S. Biobased Polymers from Plant-Derived Tulipalin A. ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2012-1105.ch013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seema Agarwal
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Qiao Jin
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Samarendra Maji
- Philipps-Universität Marburg, Fachbereich Chemie, Hans-Meerwein Strasse, D-35032, Marburg, Germany
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30
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Tschan MJL, Brulé E, Haquette P, Thomas CM. Synthesis of biodegradable polymers from renewable resources. Polym Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2py00452f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 360] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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31
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Dagorne S, Fliedel C. Organoaluminum Species in Homogeneous Polymerization Catalysis. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2012_35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Zhang Y, Gustafson LO, Chen EYX. Dinuclear silylium-enolate bifunctional active species: remarkable activity and stereoselectivity toward polymerization of methacrylate and renewable methylene butyrolactone monomers. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:13674-84. [PMID: 21819049 DOI: 10.1021/ja2053573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Novel dinuclear silylium-enolate active species, consisting of an electrophilic silylium catalyst site and a nucleophilic silicon enolate initiating site that are covalently linked as single molecules, and their unique polymerization characteristics and kinetics are reported. Such unimolecular, bifunctional propagating species are conveniently generated from activation of ethyl- and oxo-bridged disilicon enolate (i.e., disilyl ketene acetal, di-SKA) compounds with [Ph(3)C][B(C(6)F(5))(4)]. Both the ethyl- and oxo-bridged dinuclear species are much more active for the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) than the mononuclear SKA-based active species, exhibiting an approximate rate enhancement by a factor of 12 and 44, respectively. The oxo-bridged silylium-enolate species is considerably more active and controlled than the ethyl-bridged one, with their differences being even more pronounced in polymerizing a renewable monomer, γ-methyl-α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone. The polymerization by the oxo-bridged silylium-enolate active species follows first-order kinetics in both monomer and silylium catalyst concentrations, indicating a unimolecular propagation mechanism which involves an intramolecular delivery of the polymeric enolate nucleophile to the monomer activated by the silylium ion electrophile being placed in proximity in the same catalyst molecule. Highly stereoregular poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), with a syndiotacticity up to 92% rr, can be produced in quantitative yield using the oxo-bridged propagator at low temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1872, United States
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