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Shirase Y, Matsumoto A, Lim KL, Tryk DA, Miyatake K, Inukai J. Properties and Morphologies of Anion-Exchange Membranes with Different Lengths of Fluorinated Hydrophobic Chains. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:13577-13587. [PMID: 35559206 PMCID: PMC9088773 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An anion-exchange electrolyte membrane, QPAF(C6)-4, polymerized with hydrophobic 1,4'-bis(3-chlorophenyl)perfluorohexane and hydrophilic (6,6'-(2,7-dichloro-9H-fluorene-9.9-diyl)bis(N,N-dimethylhexan-1-amine) is physically flexible and chemically stable. The drawbacks are relatively large water swelling and lower OH- conductivity at higher water uptakes, which are considered to be due to the entanglement of the flexible hydrophobic structure of the membrane. In this study, a QPAF(C4)-4 membrane was newly synthesized with shortened hydrophobic fluoroalkyl chains. Unexpectedly, QPAF(C4)-4 showed a higher water uptake and a lower bulk/surface conductivity than QPAF(C6)-4 possibly due to the decrease in hydrophobicity with a smaller number of fluorine atoms. The thermal stability of QPAF(C4)-4 was higher than that of QAPF(C6)-4, possibly due to the rigidity of the QAPF(C4)-4 structure. A higher mechanical strength of QAPF(C6)-4 than that of QPAF(C4)-4 could be explained by the larger interactions between molecules, as shown in the ultraviolet-visible spectrum. The interactions of molecules were understood in more detail with density functional theory calculations. Both the chemical structures of the polymers and the arrangements of the polymers in the membranes were found to influence the membrane properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Shirase
- Integrated
Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4-4-37 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Akinobu Matsumoto
- Fuel
Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of
Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | - Kean Long Lim
- Fuel
Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
| | - Donald A. Tryk
- Fuel
Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of
Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Fuel
Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of
Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
- Clean
Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Junji Inukai
- Fuel
Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of
Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
- Fuel
Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor 43600, Malaysia
- Clean
Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
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Kimura T, Kawamoto T, Aoki M, Mizusawa T, Yamada NL, Miyatake K, Inukai J. Sublayered Thin Films of Hydrated Anion Exchange Ionomer for Fuel Cells Formed on SiO 2 and Pt Substrates Analyzed by Neutron Reflectometry under Controlled Temperature and Humidity Conditions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:4955-4963. [PMID: 32310665 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Anion-conductive ionomers are used for electrolyte membranes in membrane-electrode assemblies and for binders in catalyst layers in anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). The conformations of these ionomers as well as their water distribution are important for designing new efficient/durable anion-conductive ionomers for AEMFCs. For a deeper understanding of the distribution of deuterium oxide (D2O) as a function of depth, neutron reflectometry (NR) was carried out on thin films of an anion exchange ionomer, BAF-QAF, with a thickness of approximately 60 nm formed on a thermally formed SiO2 film on Si(100) and on a 20 nm Pt layer deposited on the SiO2 film at a temperature of 60 °C and relative humidities of 0, 50, 70, and 90%. Clear NR modulation was obtained under each condition. The NR data were fit very well with a three-sublayered model parallel to the substrate with different densities of BAF-QAF and D2O. The influence of the SiO2 and Pt substrates was observed not only at the BAF-QAF/substrate interface but also on the entire thin film. The D2O absorption/desorption behavior in each sublayer differed in the BAF-QAF films cast on SiO2 and Pt. The BAF-QAF/SiO2 interface was rather hydrophilic, while the BAF-QAF/Pt interface was very hydrophobic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Kimura
- Integrated Graduate School of Medicine, Engineering, and Agricultural Sciences, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8510, Japan
| | - Teppei Kawamoto
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | - Makoto Aoki
- Division of Life, Medical, Natural Sciences and Technology, Organization for Advanced and Integrated Research, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 658-8501, Japan
| | - Takako Mizusawa
- Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society Neutron Science and Technology Center, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Norifumi L Yamada
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, 203-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Kenji Miyatake
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
| | - Junji Inukai
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi, 6-43 Miyamae-cho, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4 Takeda, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
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Akiyama R, Yokota N, Otsuji K, Miyatake K. Structurally Well-Defined Anion Conductive Aromatic Copolymers: Effect of the Side-Chain Length. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Yokota
- Takahata
Precision
Co. Ltd., 390 Maemada, Sakaigawa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0843, Japan
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Hara M, Kimura T, Nakamura T, Shimada M, Ono H, Shimada S, Miyatake K, Uchida M, Inukai J, Watanabe M. Effect of Surface Ion Conductivity of Anion Exchange Membranes on Fuel Cell Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:9557-9565. [PMID: 27556745 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b01747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Anion conductivity at the surfaces of two anion-exchange membranes (AEMs), quaternized ammonium poly(arylene ether) multiblock copolymer (QPE-bl-3) and quaternized ammonium poly(arylene perfluoro-alkylene) copolymer (QPAF-1), synthesized by our group was investigated using current-sensing atomic force microscopy under purified air at various relative humidities. The anion-conducting spots were distributed inhomogeneously on the surface of QPE-bl-3, and the total areas of the anion-conducting spots and the current at each spot increased with humidity. The anion-conductive areas on QPAF-1 were found on the entire surface even at a low humidity. Distribution of the anion-conducting spots on the membrane was found to directly affect the performance of an AEM fuel cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Hara
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi , 6-43 Miyamae, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | | | | | - Manai Shimada
- Takahata Precision Japan Co., Ltd. , 390 Maemada, Sakaigawa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0843, Japan
| | | | | | - Kenji Miyatake
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi , 6-43 Miyamae, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | - Makoto Uchida
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi , 6-43 Miyamae, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | - Junji Inukai
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi , 6-43 Miyamae, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Fuel Cell Nanomaterials Center, University of Yamanashi , 6-43 Miyamae, Kofu 400-0021, Japan
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Akiyama R, Yokota N, Nishino E, Asazawa K, Miyatake K. Anion Conductive Aromatic Copolymers from Dimethylaminomethylated Monomers: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications in Alkaline Fuel Cells. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Naoki Yokota
- Takahata Precision
Japan Co. Ltd., 390 Maemada, Sakaigawa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0843, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishino
- Frontier Technology R&D Division, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd., 3000 Ryuo, Gamo, Shiga 520-2593, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asazawa
- Frontier Technology R&D Division, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd., 3000 Ryuo, Gamo, Shiga 520-2593, Japan
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Yokota N, Shimada M, Ono H, Akiyama R, Nishino E, Asazawa K, Miyake J, Watanabe M, Miyatake K. Aromatic Copolymers Containing Ammonium-Functionalized Oligophenylene Moieties as Highly Anion Conductive Membranes. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5019878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Yokota
- Takahata Precision
Japan Co. Ltd., 390 Maemada, Sakaigawa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0843, Japan
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Manai Shimada
- Takahata Precision
Japan Co. Ltd., 390 Maemada, Sakaigawa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0843, Japan
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ono
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Ryo Akiyama
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Eriko Nishino
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Frontier Technology R&D Division, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd., 3000 Ryuo, Gamo, Shiga 520-2593, Japan
| | - Koichiro Asazawa
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Frontier Technology R&D Division, Daihatsu Motor Co. Ltd., 3000 Ryuo, Gamo, Shiga 520-2593, Japan
| | - Junpei Miyake
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | | | - Kenji Miyatake
- Japan Science
and Technology Agency, CREST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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7
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Synthesis, characterization, and aqueous properties of new amphiphilic copolymer with fluorocarbon groups. Colloid Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-013-3028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Çanak TÇ, Hamuryudan E, Serhatlı İE. Synthesis and characterization of perfluorinated acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymers. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Couture G, Améduri B. Kinetics of RAFT homopolymerisation of vinylbenzyl chloride in the presence of xanthate or trithiocarbonate. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Schauer J, Hnát J, Brožová L, Žitka J, Bouzek K. Heterogeneous anion-selective membranes: Influence of a water-soluble component in the membrane on the morphology and ionic conductivity. J Memb Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2012.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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