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Molliet A, Doninelli S, Hong L, Tran B, Debas M, Salentinig S, Kilbinger AFM, Casalini T. Solvent Dependent Folding of an Amphiphilic Polyaramid. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27830-27837. [PMID: 38084077 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
A series of synthetic alternating and amphiphilic aromatic amide polymers were synthesized by a step growth polymerization. Alternating meta- and para-linkages were introduced to force the polymer chain into a helical shape in the highly polar solvent water. The polymers were analyzed by 1H NMR spectroscopy and SEC in polar aprotic solvents such as DMSO and DMF. However, the polymers also showed good solubility in water. 1H NMR spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and dynamic light scattering provided clear evidence of polymer folding in water but not DMF. We employed parallel tempering metadynamics in the well-tempered ensemble (PTMetaD-WTE) to simulate the free energy surfaces of an analogous model polymer in DMF and water. The simulations gave a molecular model of an unfolded structure in DMF and a helically folded tubular structure in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Molliet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Samantha Doninelli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Linda Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Tran
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Meron Debas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Salentinig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Andreas F M Kilbinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musée 9, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Tommaso Casalini
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1-5/10, Zürich 8093, Switzerland
- Polymer Engineering Laboratory, Institute for Mechanical Engineering and Materials Technology, University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI), Via la Santa 1, Lugano 6962, Switzerland
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Pal S, Nguyen DPT, Molliet A, Alizadeh M, Crochet A, Ortuso RD, Petri-Fink A, Kilbinger AFM. A versatile living polymerization method for aromatic amides. Nat Chem 2021; 13:705-713. [PMID: 34103692 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00712-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Polycondensation polymers typically follow step-growth kinetics assuming all functional groups are equally likely to react with one another. If the reaction rates with the chain end can be selectively accelerated, living polymers can be obtained. Here we report on two chlorophosphonium iodide reagents that have been synthesized from triphenylphosphine and tri(o-methoxyphenyl)phosphine. The former activates aromatic carboxylic acids as acid chlorides in the presence of secondary aromatic amines and the latter even in the presence of primary aromatic amines. These reagents allow p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives to form solution-stable activated monomers that polymerize in a living fashion in the presence of amine initiators. Other aryl amino acids and even dimers of aryl amino acids can be polymerized in a living fashion when slowly added to the phosphonium salt in the presence of an amine initiator. Diblock copolymers and triblock terpolymers of aryl amino acids can be prepared even in the presence of electrophilic functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Pal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | | | - Angélique Molliet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Mahshid Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Crochet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Roberto D Ortuso
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alke Petri-Fink
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.,Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
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Yokozawa T, Ohta Y. Transformation of Step-Growth Polymerization into Living Chain-Growth Polymerization. Chem Rev 2015; 116:1950-68. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Department
of Material and
Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohta
- Department
of Material and
Life Chemistry, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan
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Kumazawa S, Rodriguez Castanon J, Shiotsuki M, Sato T, Sanda F. Chirality amplification in helical block copolymers. Synthesis and chiroptical properties of block copolymers of chiral/achiral acetylene monomers. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5py00743g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Block copolymers of N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-l-valine 4-ethynylanilide (1a) and N-tert-butoxycarbonylglycine 4-ethynylanilide (1b) with various compositions were synthesized by block copolymerization using a [(nbd)Rh{C(Ph)CPh2}(PPh3)]/PPh3 catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kumazawa
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Jesus Rodriguez Castanon
- Department of Polymer Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510
- Japan
| | - Masashi Shiotsuki
- Department of Chemistry and Energy Engineering
- Faculty of Engineering
- Tokyo City University
- Tokyo 158-8557
- Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- Department of Macromolecular Science
- Graduate School of Science
- Osaka University
- Toyonaka
- Japan
| | - Fumio Sanda
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Materials and Bioengineering
- Kansai University
- Suita
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Liu A, Zhao Z, Wang R, Zhang J, Wan X. Long range chirality transfer in free radical polymerization of vinylterphenyl monomers bearing chiral alkoxy groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anhua Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of MOE; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of MOE; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of MOE; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of MOE; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of MOE; College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering; Peking University; Beijing 100871 People's Republic of China
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Yokozawa T, Ohta Y. Scope of controlled synthesis via chain-growth condensation polymerization: from aromatic polyamides to π-conjugated polymers. Chem Commun (Camb) 2013; 49:8281-310. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc43603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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