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Yan X, Du M, Li J, Xue Y, Wu Y, Zhang H, Wang X, Xu D. A theoretical study of the mechanism of cationic polymerization of isobutylene catalysed by EtAlCl 2/ t-BuCl with bis(2-chloroethyl)ether in hexanes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6763-6773. [PMID: 38323624 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05337g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism of cationic polymerization of isobutylene catalyzed by t-BuCl/ethylaluminum dichloride (EADC) combined with bis(2-chloroethyl)ether (CEE) in n-hexane solvent has been investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) and metadynamics (MTD) simulations. The results indicated that the polyisobutylene (PIB) initiation stage involves a clear two-step mechanism. Calculation of the free energy landscapes of the other two ether reactions reveals that the energy barriers of diisopropyl ether (i-Pr2O) and 2-chloroethyl ethyl ether (CEEE) are much higher than those of CEE, which is consistent with the experimental results. During the chain propagation phase, the required free energy barrier gradually decreases and tends to reach equilibrium as the chain length increases. Finally, the oxonium mechanism during the chain initiation stage was investigated by calculating the 1H NMR spectra and MTD simulation. Our calculations can confirm that the existence of tert-butyloxonium ions during the reaction is possible. Their contribution to the whole reaction is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Yan
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Meng Du
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Jiwei Li
- Chengdu Migersi Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610219, P. R. China
| | - Ying Xue
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Yibo Wu
- The College of New Materials and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Key Lab of Special Elastomer Composite Materials, Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology, Beijing, 102617, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Chengdu Migersi Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610219, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Dingguo Xu
- College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610064, P. R. China.
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Nifant’ev IE, Korchagina SA, Chinova MS, Tavtorkin AN. Polyisobutylenes with Controlled Molecular Weight and Chain-End Structure: Synthesis and Actual Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3415. [PMID: 37631472 PMCID: PMC10460079 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The polymerization of isobutylene allows us to obtain a wide spectrum of polyisobutylenes (PIBs) which differ in their molecular weight characteristics and the chemical structure of chain-end groups. The bulk of the PIBs manufactured worldwide are highly reactive polyisobutylenes (HRPIBs) with -C(Me)=CH2 end-groups and low-molecular weights (Mn < 5 kDa). HRPIBs are feedstocks that are in high demand in the manufacturing of additives for fuels and oils, adhesives, detergents, and other fine chemicals. In addition, HRPIBs and CMe2Cl-terminated PIBs are intensively studied with the aim of finding biomedical applications and for the purpose of developing new materials. Both chain control (molecular weight and dispersity) and chemoselectivity (formation of exo-olefinic or -CMe2Cl groups) should be achieved during polymerization. This review highlights the fundamental issues in the mechanisms of isobutylene polymerization and PIB analysis, examines actual catalytic approaches to PIBs, and describes recent studies on the functionalization and applications of HRPIBs and halogen-terminated PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya E. Nifant’ev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis RAS, 29 Leninsky Pr., 119991 Moscow, Russia; (S.A.K.); (M.S.C.); (A.N.T.)
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3
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Cai L, Wang QY, Liu XL, Cui DM. Phenols/Al(C6F5)3 Initiation Systems for Cationic Polymerizations of Isobutylene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2828-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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4
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Zhao CL, Gao YZ, Wu MY, Zhang HT, Wu YX. Biocompatible, Hemocompatible and Antibacterial Acylated Dextran-g-polyisobutylene Graft Copolymers with Silver Nanoparticles. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2621-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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5
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Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV. Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene: discovery, development and perspectives. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1956332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Minsk, Belarus
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Berezianko IA, Nikishau PA, Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV. Liquid coordination complexes as a new class of catalysts for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Prudnikau A, Shiman DI, Ksendzov E, Harwell J, Bolotina EA, Nikishau PA, Kostjuk SV, Samuel IDW, Lesnyak V. Design of cross-linked polyisobutylene matrix for efficient encapsulation of quantum dots. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:1443-1454. [PMID: 36132870 PMCID: PMC9418506 DOI: 10.1039/d0na01012j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoluminescent quantum dots (QDs) are a prominent example of nanomaterials used in practical applications, especially in light-emitting and light-converting devices. Most of the current applications of QDs require formation of thin films or their incorporation in solid matrices. The choice of an appropriate host material capable of preventing QDs from degradation and developing a process of uniform incorporation of QDs in the matrix have become essential scientific and technological challenges. In this work, we developed a method of uniform incorporation of Cu-Zn-In-S (CZIS) QDs into a highly protective cross-linked polyisobutylene (PIB) matrix with high chemical resistance and low gas permeability. Our approach involves the synthesis of a methacrylate-terminated three-arm star-shaped PIB oligomeric precursor capable of quick formation of a robust 3D polymer network upon exposure to UV-light, as well as the design of a special ligand introducing short PIB chains onto the surface of the QDs, thus providing compatibility with the matrix. The obtained cross-linked QDs-in-polymer composites underwent a complex photostability test in air and under vacuum as well as a chemical stability test. These tests found that CZIS QDs in a cross-linked PIB matrix demonstrated excellent photo- and chemical stability when compared to identical QDs in widely used polyacrylate-based matrices. These results make the composites developed excellent materials for the fabrication of robust, stable and durable transparent light conversion layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatol Prudnikau
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Dmitriy I Shiman
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University Leningradskaya Str. 14 220006 Minsk Belarus
| | - Evgenii Ksendzov
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University Leningradskaya Str. 14 220006 Minsk Belarus
| | - Jonathon Harwell
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Ekaterina A Bolotina
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University Leningradskaya Str. 14 220006 Minsk Belarus
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University Leningradskaya Str. 14 220006 Minsk Belarus
| | - Pavel A Nikishau
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University Leningradskaya Str. 14 220006 Minsk Belarus
| | - Sergei V Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University Leningradskaya Str. 14 220006 Minsk Belarus
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University 119991 Moscow Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Belarusian State University Leningradskaya Str. 14 220006 Minsk Belarus
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St. Andrews North Haugh St Andrews Fife KY16 9SS UK
| | - Vladimir Lesnyak
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden Zellescher Weg 19 01069 Dresden Germany
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Pásztói B, Trötschler TM, Szabó Á, Szarka G, Kerscher B, Mülhaupt R, Iván B. Synthesis of Tosyl- and Nosyl-Ended Polyisobutylenes with High Extent of Functionalities: The Effect of Reaction Conditions. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2504. [PMID: 33126434 PMCID: PMC7692378 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Endfunctional polymers possess significant industrial and scientific importance. Sulfonyl endgroups, such as tosyl and nosyl endfunctionalities, due their ease of substitution are highly desired for a variety of polymer structures. The sulfonylation of hydroxyl-terminated polyisobutylene (PIB-OH), a chemically and thermally stable, biocompatible, fully saturated polymer, with tosyl chloride (TsCl) and nosyl chloride (NsCl) is presented in this study. PIB-OHs derived from commercial exo-olefin-ended PIB (PIBexo-OH) and allyl-terminated polymer made via quasiliving carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene (PIBall-OH) were tosylated and nosylated in the presence of 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), pyridine and 1-methylimidazole (1-MI) catalysts and triethylamine (TEA). Our systematic investigations revealed that the end product distribution strongly depends on the relative amount of the components, especially that of TEA. While PIBexo-OTs with quantitative endfunctionality is readily formed from PIBexo-OH, its nosylation is not as straightforward. During sulfonylation of PIBall-OH, the formed tosyl and nosyl endgroups are easily substituted with chloride ions, formed in the first step of sulfonylation, leading to chloride termini. We found that decreased amounts of TEA afford the synthesis of PIBall-OTs and PIBall-ONs with higher than 90% endfunctionalities. These sulfonyl-ended PIBs open new ways for utilizing PIB in various fields and in the synthesis of novel PIB-containing macromolecular architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Pásztói
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.S.); (G.S.)
- George Hevesy PhD School of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tobias M. Trötschler
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.T.); (B.K.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ákos Szabó
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Györgyi Szarka
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.S.); (G.S.)
| | - Benjamin Kerscher
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.T.); (B.K.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Mülhaupt
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 31, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.T.); (B.K.)
- Freiburg Materials Research Center, University of Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 21, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 105, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Béla Iván
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environment Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary; (Á.S.); (G.S.)
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9
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Xie D, Zhu S, Lu Y. Tailoring the AlCl 3/iPr 2O/Et 2O initiation system for highly reactive polyisobutylene synthesis in pure n-hexane. RSC Adv 2020; 10:5183-5190. [PMID: 35498282 PMCID: PMC9049001 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra11003h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the flow synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylenes (HRPIBs) in pure n-hexane using properly prepared AlCl3·Et2O crystals in conjunction with AlCl3·iPr2O solution as coinitiators. By preparing AlCl3·iPr2O solution and AlCl3·Et2O crystals separately, the cationic polymerization of isobutylene proceeded smoothly under a wide range of monomer concentrations (0.33-1.30 M) in the presence of H2O as an initiator, affording a high yield (∼89%) and a moderate exo-olefin terminal group content (60-75%) in 10 min. The various functions of iPr2O and Et2O in the initiator solution were comprehensively revealed from the polymerization results, attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and density functional theory simulations. AlCl3·iPr2O was confirmed to be the key component that stabilized carbenium ions. The AlCl3·Et2O complex was the key component to promote proton elimination. Free Et2O should be removed to inhibit its negative effect on isomerization. This new strategy may lead to high commercial interest in HRPIB synthesis in pure green solvent and could potentially be extended to other initiation systems containing solid Lewis acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China +86 10 62773017 +86 10 62773017
| | - Shan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China +86 10 62773017 +86 10 62773017
| | - Yangcheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China +86 10 62773017 +86 10 62773017
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Cationic polymerization of isobutylene co-initiated by chloroferrate imidazole-based ionic liquid: The advantageous effect of initiator and aromatic compounds. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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11
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Jin Y, Dong K, Xu L, Guo X, Cheng R, Liu B. Facile synthesis of medium molecular weight polyisobutylene with remarkable efficiency employing the complexed BF3·EtOH/TiCl4·H2O initiating system. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Gao YZ, Chang TX, Wu YX. In-situ synthesis of acylated sodium alginate-g-(tetrahydrofuran5-b-polyisobutylene) terpolymer/Ag-NPs nanocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 219:201-209. [PMID: 31151517 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhuang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North 3th-Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Tian-Xiao Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North 3th-Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
| | - Yi-Xian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Material Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 15 North 3th-Ring East Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100029, PR China.
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Yang SX, Fan ZY, Zhang FY, Li SH, Wu YX. Functionalized Copolymers of Isobutylene with Vinyl Phenol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Property. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2329-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene and C4 Mixed Feed Using Complexes of Lewis Acids with Ethers: A Comparative Study. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-019-2290-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Shiman DI, Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV. Alkoxy aluminum chlorides in the cationic polymerization of isobutylene: a co-initiator, carbocation stabilizer and chain-transfer agent. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01317b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alkoxy aluminum chlorides are efficient catalysts for the preparation of well-defined exo-olefin terminated PIBs of low (Mn ∼ 1000 g mol−1) to medium (Mn up to 50 000 g mol−1) molecular weight under mild experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy I. Shiman
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- Minsk
- Belarus
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine
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Liu X, Bai X, Li J, Wang C, Ren Q. Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic graft copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) as the hydrophilic backbone and poly(butyl methacrylate) as the hydrophobic graft chain. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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17
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Berezianko IA, Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV. Acidic imidazole-based ionic liquids in the presence of diisopropyl ether as catalysts for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene: Effect of ionic liquid nature, catalyst aging, and sonication. POLYMER 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2018.04.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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18
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Rajasekhar T, Emert J, Wolf LM, Faust R. Controlled Catalytic Chain Transfer Polymerization of Isobutylene in the Presence of tert-Butanol as Exo-Enhancer. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jack Emert
- Infineum USA, 1900 E. Linden Avenue, Linden, New Jersey 07036, United States
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Rajasekhar T, Emert J, Faust R. Synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene by catalytic chain transfer in hexanes at elevated temperatures; determination of the kinetic parameters. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00415j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rate constants of activation/deactivation for dormant oxonium/active carbenium ions have been measured and related to the increasing polymerization rate with increasing temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tota Rajasekhar
- Polymer Science Program
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
| | | | - Rudolf Faust
- Polymer Science Program
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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Shiman DI, Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV. Cationic polymerization of isobutylene catalyzed by iBuAlCl2 in the presence of ethers: Effect of catalyst pre-activation and mixture of two ethers. POLYMER 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Fan X, Li Z, Loh XJ. Recent development of unimolecular micelles as functional materials and applications. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01006g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Unimolecular micelles have high functionalities, encapsulation capabilities and site specific confinement abilities in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Fan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Normal University
- China
| | - Zibiao Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- A*STAR
- Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE)
- A*STAR
- Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- National University of Singapore
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Vasilenko IV, Berezianko IA, Shiman DI, Kostjuk SV. New catalysts for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene: chloroaluminate imidazole-based ionic liquids in the presence of diisopropyl ether. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01325b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The use of [emim]Cl–AlCl3 in combination with iPr2O allowed the synthesis of HR PIB with high exo-olefin end group content (≥90%) and a relatively narrow MWD (Mw/Mn ≤ 2.0) at a high reaction temperature (>0 °C) and monomer concentration (5.2 M–7.8 M).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Ivan A. Berezianko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Dmitriy I. Shiman
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220006 Minsk
- Belarus
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Yang X, Cao C, Chen Z, Liu J, Bassindale AR, Lai G. Preparation and characterization of a type of ladder-like poly(phenyl silsesquioxane) based hybrid star-shaped copolymer of ε-caprolactone. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiongfa Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education Ministry; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Cheng Cao
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education Ministry; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Zhonghong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education Ministry; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Jia Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education Ministry; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Alan R. Bassindale
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education Ministry; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 311121 China
- The Chemistry Department; The Open University; Walton Hall Milton Keynes. Buckinghamshire UK MK 7 6 A A United Kingdom
| | - Guoqiao Lai
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Education Ministry; Hangzhou Normal University; Hangzhou 311121 China
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Kostjuk SV. Recent progress in the Lewis acid co-initiated cationic polymerization of isobutylene and 1,3-dienes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15313h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This article reviews recent approaches towards the synthesis of exo-olefin terminated polyisobutylenes and well-defined poly(1,3-diene)s based on their scientific and industrial relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220030 Minsk
- Belarus
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25
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Kumar R, De P, Zheng B, Huang KW, Emert J, Faust R. Synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene with FeCl3/ether complexes in hexane; kinetic and mechanistic studies. Polym Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py01039f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the kinetics and mechanism of the polymerization of isobutylene catalyzed by FeCl3·ether complexes in hexane at 0 °C were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Kumar
- Polymer Science Program
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
| | - Priyadarsi De
- Polymer Research Centre
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Nadia
- India
| | - Bin Zheng
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 2355-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | - Kuo-Wei Huang
- KAUST Catalysis Center and Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- Thuwal 2355-6900
- Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Rudolf Faust
- Polymer Science Program
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Massachusetts Lowell
- Lowell
- USA
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26
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Lichtenthaler MR, Maurer S, Mangan RJ, Stahl F, Mönkemeyer F, Hamann J, Krossing I. Univalent Gallium Complexes of Simple andansa-Arene Ligands: Effects on the Polymerization of Isobutylene. Chemistry 2014; 21:157-65. [PMID: 25382015 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201404833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Lichtenthaler
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
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27
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Lichtenthaler MR, Maurer S, Mangan RJ, Stahl F, Mönkemeyer F, Hamann J, Krossing I. Univalent Gallium Complexes of Simple and ansa-Arene Ligands: Effects on the Polymerization of Isobutylene. Chemistry 2014:n/a-n/a. [PMID: 25376094 DOI: 10.1002/chem.404833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Using [Ga(C6 H5 F)2 ]+ [Al(ORF )4 ]- (1) (RF =C(CF3 )3 ) as starting material, we isolated bis- and tris-η6 -coordinated gallium(I) arene complex salts of p-xylene (1,4-Me2 C6 H4 ), hexamethylbenzene (C6 Me6 ), diphenylethane (PhC2 H4 Ph), and m-terphenyl (1,3-Ph2 C6 H4 ): [Ga(1,4-Me2 C6 H4 )2.5 ]+ (2+ ), [Ga(C6 Me6 )2 ]+ (3+ ), [Ga(PhC2 H4 Ph)]+ (4+ ) and [(C6 H5 F)Ga(μ-1,3-Ph2 C6 H4 )2 Ga(C6 H5 F)]2+ (52+ ). 4+ is the first structurally characterized ansa-like bent sandwich chelate of univalent gallium and 52+ the first binuclear gallium(I) complex without a GaGa bond. Beyond confirming the structural findings by multinuclear NMR spectroscopic investigations and density functional calculations (RI-BP86/SV(P) level), [Ga(PhC2 H4 Ph)]+ [Al(ORF )4 ]- (4) and [(C6 H5 F)Ga(μ-1,3-Ph2 C6 H4 )2 Ga(C6 H5 F)]2+ {[Al(ORF )4 ] - }2 (5), featuring ansa-arene ligands, were tested as catalysts for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene (HR-PIB). In comparison to the recently published 1 and the [Ga(1,3,5-Me3 C6 H3 )2 ]+ [Al(ORF )4 ]- salt (6) (1,3,5-Me3 C6 H3 =mesitylene), 4 and 5 gave slightly reduced reactivities. This allowed for favorably increased polymerization temperatures of up to +15 °C, while yielding HR-PIB with high contents of terminal olefinic double bonds (α-contents=84-93 %), low molecular weights (Mn =1000-3000 g mol-1 ) and good monomer conversions (up to 83 % in two hours). While the chelate complexes delivered more favorable results than 1 and 6, the reaction kinetics resembled and thus concurred with the recently proposed coordinative polymerization mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Lichtenthaler
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF), Albertstr. 21, 79104 Freiburg (Germany)
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28
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Shiman DI, Vasilenko IV, Kostjuk SV. Cationic polymerization of isobutylene by complexes of alkylaluminum dichlorides with diisopropyl ether: An activating effect of water. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitriy I. Shiman
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems; Belarusian State University; 14 Leningradskaya St. 220030 Minsk Belarus
| | - Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems; Belarusian State University; 14 Leningradskaya St. 220030 Minsk Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems; Belarusian State University; 14 Leningradskaya St. 220030 Minsk Belarus
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29
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Vasilenko IV, Shiman DI, Kostjuk SV. Alkylaluminum dichloride–ether complexes which are fully soluble in hydrocarbons as catalysts for the synthesis of exo-olefin terminated polyisobutylene at room temperature. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00069b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Highly reactive polyisobutylenes with a desirable low Mn were obtained with RAlCl2 × OiPr2 initiating systems with high monomer concentrations at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina V. Vasilenko
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Dmitriy I. Shiman
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220030 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Sergei V. Kostjuk
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University
- 220030 Minsk, Belarus
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