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Mommer S, Keul H, Möller M. One-Pot Synthesis of Amino Acid-Based Polyelectrolytes and Nanoparticle Synthesis. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:159-168. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mommer
- Institute of Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive
Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Helmut Keul
- Institute of Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive
Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Martin Möller
- Institute of Technical and
Macromolecular Chemistry and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive
Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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Abstract
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RNA
interference (RNAi) is an endogenous process in which small
noncoding RNAs, including small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and microRNAs
(miRNAs), post-transcriptionally regulate gene expressions. In general,
siRNA and miRNA/miRNA mimics are similar in nature and activity except
their origin and specificity. Although both siRNAs and miRNAs have
been extensively studied as novel therapeutics for a wide range of
diseases, the large molecular weight, anionic surface charges, instability
in blood circulation, and intracellular trafficking to the RISC after
cellular uptake have hindered the translation of these RNAs from bench
to clinic. As a result, a great variety of delivery systems have been
investigated for safe and effective delivery of small noncoding RNAs.
Among these systems, peptides, especially cationic peptides, have
emerged as a promising type of carrier due to their inherent ability
to condense negatively charged RNAs, ease of synthesis, controllable
size, and tunable structure. In this review, we will focus on three
major types of cationic peptides, including poly(l-lysine)
(PLL), protamine, and cell penetrating peptides (CPP), as well as
peptide targeting ligands that have been extensively used in RNA delivery.
The delivery strategies, applications, and limitations of these cationic
peptides in siRNA/miRNA delivery will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi S Shukla
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri 64108, United States
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Barrett SE, Abrams MT, Burke R, Carr BA, Crocker LS, Garbaccio RM, Howell BJ, Kemp EA, Kowtoniuk RA, Latham AH, Leander KR, Leone AM, Patel M, Pechenov S, Pudvah NT, Riley S, Sepp-Lorenzino L, Walsh ES, Williams JM, Colletti SL. An in vivo evaluation of amphiphilic, biodegradable peptide copolymers as siRNA delivery agents. Int J Pharm 2014; 466:58-67. [PMID: 24607208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of amphiphilic, biodegradable polypeptide copolymers were prepared for the delivery of siRNA (short interfering ribonucleic acid). The molecular weight (or polymer chain length) of the linear polymer was controlled by reaction stoichiometry for the 11.5, 17.2, and 24.6 kDa polypeptides, and the highest molecular weight polypeptide was prepared using a sequential addition method to obtain a polypeptide having a molecular weight of 38.6 kDa. These polymers were used to prepare polymer conjugate systems designed to target and deliver an apolipoprotein B (ApoB) siRNA to hepatocyte cells and to help delineate the effect of polymer molecular weight or polymer chain length on siRNA delivery in vivo. A clear trend in increasing potency was found with increasing molecular weight of the polymers examined (at a constant polymer:siRNA (w/w) ratio), with minimal toxicity found. Furthermore, the biodegradability of these polymer conjugates was examined and demonstrates the potential of these systems as siRNA delivery vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Barrett
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Marc T Abrams
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Rob Burke
- Department of Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism RNA, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Brian A Carr
- Department of Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism RNA, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Louis S Crocker
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Robert M Garbaccio
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Bonnie J Howell
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Eric A Kemp
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Robert A Kowtoniuk
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Andrew H Latham
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Karen R Leander
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Anthony M Leone
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mihir Patel
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sergey Pechenov
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Nicole T Pudvah
- Department of Pharmacokinetics & Drug Metabolism RNA, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sean Riley
- Department of RNAi Analytical Sciences, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Laura Sepp-Lorenzino
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Eileen S Walsh
- Department of RNA Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - J Michael Williams
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Steven L Colletti
- Department of RNA Medicinal Chemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., West Point, PA 19486, USA
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