1
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Efficient and sustainable electro-sorption of rare earth by laser-induced graphene film. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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2
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Zhu Y, Egap E. Light-Mediated Polymerization Induced by Semiconducting Nanomaterials: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives. ACS POLYMERS AU 2021; 1:76-99. [PMID: 36855427 PMCID: PMC9954404 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.1c00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Direct capture of solar energy for chemical transformation via photocatalysis proves to be a cost-effective and energy-saving approach to construct organic compounds. With the recent growth in photosynthesis, photopolymerization has been established as a robust strategy for the production of specialty polymers with complex structures, precise molecular weight, and narrow dispersity. A key challenge in photopolymerization is the scarcity of effective photomediators (photoinitiators, photocatalysts, etc.) that can provide polymerization with high yield and well-defined polymer products. Current efforts on developing photomediators have mainly focused on organic dyes and metal complexes. On the other hand, nanomaterials (NMs), particularly semiconducting nanomaterials (SNMs), are suitable candidates for photochemical reactions due to their unique optical and electrical properties, such as high absorption coefficients, large charge diffusion lengths, and broad absorption spectra. This review provides a comprehensive insight into SNMs' photomediated polymerizations and highlights the roles SNMs play in photopolymerizations, types of polymerizations, applications in producing advanced materials, and the future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhu
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Eilaf Egap
- †Department
of Materials Science and Nanoengineering and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States,
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3
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An Z, Zhu S, An Z. Heterogeneous photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00130b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Photocatalytic reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) permits the use of sustainable solar light for spatiotemporal regulation of radical polymerization under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Shilong Zhu
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
| | - Zesheng An
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
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4
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Doerr AM, Burroughs JM, Gitter SR, Yang X, Boydston AJ, Long BK. Advances in Polymerizations Modulated by External Stimuli. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c03802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Doerr
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Justin M. Burroughs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
| | - Sean R. Gitter
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Xuejin Yang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Andrew J. Boydston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Brian K. Long
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996-1600, United States
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5
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Xia L, Cheng B, Zeng T, Nie X, Chen G, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Hong C, You Y. Polymer Nanofibers Exhibiting Remarkable Activity in Driving the Living Polymerization under Visible Light and Reusability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1902451. [PMID: 32195082 PMCID: PMC7080551 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201902451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Visible light-driving syntheses have emerged as a powerful tool for organic synthesis and for the preparation of macromolecules under mild and environmentally benign conditions. However, precious but nonreusable photosensitizers or photocatalysts are often required to activate the reaction, limiting its practicality. Here, it is reported that poly(1,4-diphenylbutadiyne) (PDPB) nanofibers exhibit remarkable activity in driving the living free radical polymerization under visible light. Moreover, PDPB nanofibers are very stable under irradiation of visible light and can be reused without appreciable loss of activity even after repeated cycling. The nanofiber will be a promising photocatalyst with excellent reusability and stability for the reactions driven by visible light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xia
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Bo‐Fei Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Tian‐You Zeng
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Xuan Nie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Guang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Jian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Yan Hong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
| | - Ye‐Zi You
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the MicroscaleCAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter ChemistryDepartment of Polymer Science and EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026P. R. China
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6
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Zhou YN, Li JJ, Wu YY, Luo ZH. Role of External Field in Polymerization: Mechanism and Kinetics. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2950-3048. [PMID: 32083844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The past decades have witnessed an increasing interest in developing advanced polymerization techniques subjected to external fields. Various physical modulations, such as temperature, light, electricity, magnetic field, ultrasound, and microwave irradiation, are noninvasive means, having superb but distinct abilities to regulate polymerizations in terms of process intensification and spatial and temporal controls. Gas as an emerging regulator plays a distinctive role in controlling polymerization and resembles a physical regulator in some cases. This review provides a systematic overview of seven types of external-field-regulated polymerizations, ranging from chain-growth to step-growth polymerization. A detailed account of the relevant mechanism and kinetics is provided to better understand the role of each external field in polymerization. In addition, given the crucial role of modeling and simulation in mechanisms and kinetics investigation, an overview of model construction and typical numerical methods used in this field as well as highlights of the interaction between experiment and simulation toward kinetics in the existing systems are given. At the end, limitations and future perspectives for this field are critically discussed. This state-of-the-art research progress not only provides the fundamental principles underlying external-field-regulated polymerizations but also stimulates new development of advanced polymerization methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin-Ning Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Jin Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Yang Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hong Luo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P. R. China
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7
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Zhang W, Zhang X, Ma Y, Chen D, Yang W. Visible Light–Induced RAFT Polymerization of Methacrylate with 4‐(
N
,
N
‐diphenylamino)benzaldehyde as Organophotoredox Catalyst and the Effect of Temperature on the Polymerization. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201900022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xianhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yuhong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Dong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Wantai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional PolymersMinistry of EducationBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
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8
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Pan X, Tasdelen MA, Laun J, Junkers T, Yagci Y, Matyjaszewski K. Photomediated controlled radical polymerization. Prog Polym Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2016.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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9
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Chen M, Zhong M, Johnson JA. Light-Controlled Radical Polymerization: Mechanisms, Methods, and Applications. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10167-211. [PMID: 26978484 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 688] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The use of light to mediate controlled radical polymerization has emerged as a powerful strategy for rational polymer synthesis and advanced materials fabrication. This review provides a comprehensive survey of photocontrolled, living radical polymerizations (photo-CRPs). From the perspective of mechanism, all known photo-CRPs are divided into either (1) intramolecular photochemical processes or (2) photoredox processes. Within these mechanistic regimes, a large number of methods are summarized and further classified into subcategories based on the specific reagents, catalysts, etc., involved. To provide a clear understanding of each subcategory, reaction mechanisms are discussed. In addition, applications of photo-CRP reported so far, which include surface fabrication, particle preparation, photoresponsive gel design, and continuous flow technology, are summarized. We hope this review will not only provide informative knowledge to researchers in this field but also stimulate new ideas and applications to further advance photocontrolled reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jeremiah A Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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10
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Dadashi-Silab S, Doran S, Yagci Y. Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions for Macromolecular Syntheses. Chem Rev 2016; 116:10212-75. [PMID: 26745441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 546] [Impact Index Per Article: 68.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical reactions, particularly those involving photoinduced electron transfer processes, establish a substantial contribution to the modern synthetic chemistry, and the polymer community has been increasingly interested in exploiting and developing novel photochemical strategies. These reactions are efficiently utilized in almost every aspect of macromolecular architecture synthesis, involving initiation, control of the reaction kinetics and molecular structures, functionalization, and decoration, etc. Merging with polymerization techniques, photochemistry has opened up new intriguing and powerful avenues for macromolecular synthesis. Construction of various polymers with incredibly complex structures and specific control over the chain topology, as well as providing the opportunity to manipulate the reaction course through spatiotemporal control, are one of the unique abilities of such photochemical reactions. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of the fundamentals and applications of photoinduced electron transfer reactions in polymer synthesis. Besides traditional photopolymerization methods, namely free radical and cationic polymerizations, step-growth polymerizations involving electron transfer processes are included. In addition, controlled radical polymerization and "Click Chemistry" methods have significantly evolved over the last few decades allowing access to narrow molecular weight distributions, efficient regulation of the molecular weight and the monomer sequence and incredibly complex architectures, and polymer modifications and surface patterning are covered. Potential applications including synthesis of block and graft copolymers, polymer-metal nanocomposites, various hybrid materials and bioconjugates, and sequence defined polymers through photoinduced electron transfer reactions are also investigated in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Dadashi-Silab
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sean Doran
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Yagci
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University , 34469 Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.,Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) and Department of Chemistry, King Abdulaziz University , 21589 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Chen T, Xu Y, Peng Z, Li A, Liu J. Simultaneous utilization of a bifunctional ruthenium complex as an efficient catalyst for RAFT controlled photopolymerization and a sensing probe for the facile fabrication of an ECL platform. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01016d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The ruthenium complex played simultaneous bifunctional roles as an efficient catalyst for RAFT-controlled photopolymerization and a sensing probe for the facile fabrication of an ECL platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Center for Micro/Nano Luminescent and Electrochemical Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province
| | - Yuanhong Xu
- Center for Micro/Nano Luminescent and Electrochemical Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province
| | - Zhi Peng
- Center for Micro/Nano Luminescent and Electrochemical Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province
| | - Aihua Li
- Center for Micro/Nano Luminescent and Electrochemical Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province
| | - Jingquan Liu
- Center for Micro/Nano Luminescent and Electrochemical Materials
- College of Materials Science and Engineering
- Institute for Graphene Applied Technology Innovation; Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Modern Textiles
- the Growing Base for State Key Laboratory
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Biomass Fibers Materials and Textiles of Shandong Province
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12
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McKenzie TG, Costa LPDM, Fu Q, Dunstan DE, Qiao GG. Investigation into the photolytic stability of RAFT agents and the implications for photopolymerization reactions. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py00808a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The photolytic stability of RAFT agents under blue LED irradiation has been investigated with regard to photopolymerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. G. McKenzie
- Polymer Science Group
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - L. P. da M. Costa
- Polymer Science Group
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - Q. Fu
- Polymer Science Group
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - D. E. Dunstan
- Polymer Science Group
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
| | - G. G. Qiao
- Polymer Science Group
- Dept. of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Melbourne
- Parkville
- Australia
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron J. Teator
- Department
of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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14
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Melker A, Fors BP, Hawker CJ, Poelma JE. Continuous flow synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) via a light-mediated controlled radical polymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.27765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Melker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Brett P. Fors
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca New York 14853
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- California NanoSystems Institute; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Justin E. Poelma
- Materials Research Laboratory; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Department; University of California; Santa Barbara California 93106
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15
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Shanmugam S, Xu J, Boyer C. Exploiting Metalloporphyrins for Selective Living Radical Polymerization Tunable over Visible Wavelengths. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:9174-85. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b05274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaprakash Shanmugam
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian
Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Cyrille Boyer
- Centre
for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
- Australian
Centre for NanoMedicine, School of Chemical Engineering, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
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16
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McKenzie TG, Fu Q, Wong EHH, Dunstan DE, Qiao GG. Visible Light Mediated Controlled Radical Polymerization in the Absence of Exogenous Radical Sources or Catalysts. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G. McKenzie
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edgar H. H. Wong
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Dave E. Dunstan
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Greg G. Qiao
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
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17
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Cao Y, Xu Y, Zhang J, Yang D, Liu J. Well-controlled atom transfer radical polymerizations of acrylates using recyclable niobium complex nanoparticle as photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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