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Liu L, Ma H, Khan M, Hsiao BS. Recent Advances and Challenges in Anion Exchange Membranes Development/Application for Water Electrolysis: A Review. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:85. [PMID: 38668113 PMCID: PMC11051812 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14040085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, anion exchange membranes (AEMs) have aroused widespread interest in hydrogen production via water electrolysis using renewable energy sources. The two current commercial low-temperature water electrolysis technologies used are alkaline water electrolysis (AWE) and proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. The AWE technology exhibited the advantages of high stability and increased cost-effectiveness with low hydrogen production efficiency. In contrast, PEM water electrolysis exhibited high hydrogen efficiency with low stability and cost-effectiveness, respectively. Unfortunately, the major challenges that AEMs, as well as the corresponding ion transportation membranes, including alkaline hydrogen separator and proton exchange membranes, still face are hydrogen production efficiency, long-term stability, and cost-effectiveness under working conditions, which exhibited critical issues that need to be addressed as a top priority. This review comprehensively presented research progress on AEMs in recent years, providing a thorough understanding of academic studies and industrial applications. It focused on analyzing the chemical structure of polymers and the performance of AEMs and established the relationship between the structure and efficiency of the membranes. This review aimed to identify approaches for improving AEM ion conductivity and alkaline stability. Additionally, future research directions for the commercialization of anion exchange membranes were discussed based on the analysis and assessment of the current applications of AEMs in patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Madani Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
| | - Benjamin S. Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-3400, USA
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2
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Salazar‐Gastélum LJ, Beltrán‐Gastélum M, Calva‐Yañez JC, Lin SW, Chávez‐Velasco D, Salazar‐Gastélum MI, Pérez‐Sicairos S. Synthesis and ex‐situ evaluation of quaternized polysulfone as an anion exchange ionomer for AEM technologies. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Salazar‐Gastélum
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química Tijuana Mexico
| | - Mara Beltrán‐Gastélum
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química Tijuana Mexico
| | - Julio C. Calva‐Yañez
- CONACyT‐Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química Tijuana Mexico
| | - Shui Wai Lin
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química Tijuana Mexico
| | - Daniel Chávez‐Velasco
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química Tijuana Mexico
| | - Moisés I. Salazar‐Gastélum
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química Tijuana Mexico
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Posgrado en Ciencias de la Ingeniería Tijuana Mexico
| | - Sergio Pérez‐Sicairos
- Tecnológico Nacional de México/IT de Tijuana/Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química Tijuana Mexico
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Vinodh R, Atchudan R, Kim HJ, Yi M. Recent Advancements in Polysulfone Based Membranes for Fuel Cell (PEMFCs, DMFCs and AMFCs) Applications: A Critical Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:300. [PMID: 35054706 PMCID: PMC8777856 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, ion electrolyte membranes (IEMs) preparation and properties have attracted fabulous attention in fuel cell usages owing to its high ionic conductivity and chemical resistance. Currently, perfluorinatedsulfonicacid (PFSA) membrane has been widely employed in the membrane industry in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs); however, NafionTM suffers reduced proton conductivity at a higher temperature, requiring noble metal catalyst (Pt, Ru, and Pt-Ru), and catalyst poisoning by CO. Non-fluorinated polymers are a promising substitute. Polysulfone (PSU) is an aromatic polymer with excellent characteristics that have attracted membrane scientists in recent years. The present review provides an up-to-date development of PSU based electrolyte membranes and its composites for PEMFCs, alkaline membrane fuel cells (AMFCs), and direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) application. Various fillers encapsulated in the PEM/AEM moiety are appraised according to their preliminary characteristics and their plausible outcome on PEMFC/DMFC/AMFC. The key issues associated with enhancing the ionic conductivity and chemical stability have been elucidated as well. Furthermore, this review addresses the current tasks, and forthcoming directions are briefly summarized of PEM/AEMs for PEMFCs, DMFCs, AMFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajangam Vinodh
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
| | - Raji Atchudan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea;
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
| | - Moonsuk Yi
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea;
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New amphiphilic semi-interpenetrating networks based on polysulfone for anion-exchange membrane fuel cells with improved alkaline and mechanical stabilities. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Swaby S, Ureña N, Pérez-Prior MT, Várez A, Levenfeld B. Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Anion Exchange Membranes Based on Semi-Interpenetrating Networks of Functionalized Polysulfone: Effect of Ionic Crosslinking. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13060958. [PMID: 33804734 PMCID: PMC8003843 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, anion exchange membranes based on polymer semi-interpenetrating networks were synthesized and characterized for the first time. The networks are composed of sulfonated polysulfone and 1-methylimidazolium-functionalized polysulfone crosslinked covalently with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (degree of crosslinking of 5%). In these membranes, sulfonic groups interact electrostatically with cationic groups to form an ionic crosslinking structure with improved alkaline stability. The effect of the ionic crosslinking on the thermal, chemical, mechanical, and electrochemical behavior of membranes was studied. These crosslinked membranes containing sulfonated polysulfone showed higher thermal stability, with a delay of around 20 °C in the onset decomposition temperature value of the functional groups than the crosslinked membranes containing free polysulfone. The tensile strength values were maintained above 44 MPa in all membranes with a degree of chloromethylation (DC) below 100%. The maximum ionic conductivity value is reached with the membrane with the highest degree of chloromethylation. The chemical stability in alkaline medium of the conducting membranes also improved. Thus, the ionic conductivity variation of the membranes after 96 h in a 1 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution is less pronounced when polysulfone is replaced by sulfonated polysulfone. So, the ionic crosslinking which joins both components of the blends together, improves the material’s properties making progress in the development of new solid electrolyte for polymeric fuel cells.
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Li J, Cui Z, Tao R, Yang S, Hu M, Matindi C, Gumbi NN, Ma X, Hu Y, Fang K, Li J. Tailoring polyethersulfone/quaternary ammonium polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with positive charge for dye and salt selective separation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Mengyang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Christine Matindi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Nozipho N. Gumbi
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Yunxia Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
| | - Kuanjun Fang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Textiles of Shandong Province Qingdao People's Republic of China
| | - Jianxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes National Center for International Joint Research on Membrane Science and Technology, Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Tiangong University Tianjin People's Republic of China
- Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability Research Unit, College of Science Engineering and Technology University of South Africa, Science Campus, Florida Johannesburg South Africa
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Luque Di Salvo J, De Luca G, Cipollina A, Micale G. Effect of ion exchange capacity and water uptake on hydroxide transport in PSU-TMA membranes: A DFT and molecular dynamics study. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pei H, Yan F, Ma X, Li X, Liu C, Li J, Cui Z, He B. In situ one-pot formation of crown ether functionalized polysulfone membranes for highly efficient lithium isotope adsorptive separation. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Teresa Pérez-Prior M, Ureña N, Tannenberg M, del Río C, Levenfeld B. DABCO-functionalized polysulfones as anion-exchange membranes for fuel cell applications: Effect of crosslinking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.24390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Pérez-Prior
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; IAAB. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Avda. Universidad, 30 Leganés E-28911 Spain
| | - Nieves Ureña
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; IAAB. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Avda. Universidad, 30 Leganés E-28911 Spain
| | - Monika Tannenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; IAAB. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Avda. Universidad, 30 Leganés E-28911 Spain
| | - Carmen del Río
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC); Madrid Spain
| | - Belén Levenfeld
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; IAAB. Universidad Carlos III de Madrid; Avda. Universidad, 30 Leganés E-28911 Spain
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Chen Y, Tao Y, Wang J, Yang S, Cheng S, Wei H, Ding Y. Comb-shaped guanidinium functionalized poly(ether sulfone)s for anion exchange membranes: Effects of the spacer types and lengths. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
| | - Yanping Tao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
| | - Jinlei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
| | - Shanzhong Yang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
| | - Sheng Cheng
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
| | - Haibing Wei
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
| | - Yunsheng Ding
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices; Hefei University of Technology; Hefei 230009 China
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Gu L, Dong H, Sun Z, Li Y, Yan F. Spirocyclic quaternary ammonium cations for alkaline anion exchange membrane applications: an experimental and theoretical study. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22313c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Spirocyclic quaternary ammonium cation based alkaline anion exchange membranes were synthesized and studied by both experimental and theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Huilong Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Zhe Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Youyong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM)
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou 215123
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