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Jamaluddin NAN, Jasmani L, Md Pisar M, Adnan S, Rusli R, Zakaria S. Hydrophobization of nanofibrillated cellulose from Macaranga gigantea for binding of curcumin. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 342:122405. [PMID: 39048240 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) has found extensive potential and existing utilizations across various industries. Nonetheless, a notable constraint of NFC lies in its inherent hydrophilic nature, which restricts its suitability for non-aqueous application. This study aims at synthesising hydrophobic NFC through a two-step surface modification by reacting NFC with tannic acid and amine group. The study also investigated the effect of using various alkylamines on the properties of modified NFC. The hydrophobic NFC was characterized using various analytical techniques namely Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), X-Ray Diffraction analysis (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, and contact angle measurements. The present study also looked into the possible use of modified NFC as a pharmaceutical excipient for the delivery of water insoluble curcumin. The analysis of curcumin binding onto the modified NFC was conducted using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The findings from the study indicated that the modified NFC effectively bound a substantial quantity of curcumin (80 % - 87 %) and the binding varied for samples of different degree of substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul Ain Nadirah Jamaluddin
- Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia; Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Latifah Jasmani
- Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Mazura Md Pisar
- Natural Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharmiza Adnan
- Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rafeadah Rusli
- Forest Products Division, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM), 52109 Kepong, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sarani Zakaria
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, UKM, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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2
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Rader C, Fritz PW, Ashirov T, Coskun A, Weder C. One-Component Nanocomposites Made from Diblock Copolymer Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1637-1648. [PMID: 38381566 PMCID: PMC10934803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bio-based, rod-like, high-aspect-ratio nanoparticles with high stiffness and strength and are widely used as a reinforcing nanofiller in polymer nanocomposites. However, due to hydrogen-bond formation between the large number of hydroxyl groups on their surface, CNCs are prone to aggregate, especially in nonpolar polymer matrices. One possibility to overcome this problem is to graft polymers from the CNCs' surfaces and to process the resulting "hairy nanoparticles" (HNPs) into one-component nanocomposites (OCNs) in which the polymer matrix and CNC filler are covalently connected. Here, we report OCNs based on HNPs that were synthesized by grafting gradient diblock copolymers onto CNCs via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The inner block (toward the CNCs) is composed of poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), and the outer block comprises a gradient copolymer rich in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). The OCNs based on such HNPs microphase separate into a rubbery poly(methyl acrylate) phase that dissipates mechanical energy and imparts toughness, a glassy PMMA phase that provides strength and stiffness, and well-dispersed CNCs that further reinforce the materials. This design afforded OCNs that display a considerably higher stiffness and strength than reference diblock copolymers without the CNCs. At the same time, the extensibility remains high and the toughness is increased up to 5-fold relative to the reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rader
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patrick W. Fritz
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe
Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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3
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Rader C, Fritz PW, Ashirov T, Coskun A, Weder C. One-Component Nanocomposites Made from Diblock Copolymer Grafted Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:1637-1648. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris Rader
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patrick W. Fritz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Timur Ashirov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ali Coskun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fribourg, Chemin de Musee 9, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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4
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Guo M, Hsieh YL. Tunable poly(lauryl methacrylate) surface grafting via SI-ATRP on a one-pot synthesized cellulose nanofibril macroinitiator core as a shear-thinning rheology modifier and drag reducer. RSC Adv 2023; 13:26089-26101. [PMID: 37664202 PMCID: PMC10472512 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04610a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The optimally one-pot synthesized 2-bromoproponyl esterified cellulose nanofibril (Br-CNF) has been validated as a robust macroinitiator for self-surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of lauryl methacrylate (LMA) in tunable graft lengths and high conversions of up to 92.7%. SI-ATRP of LMA surface brushes on Br-CNF followed first order kinetics in lengths at up to 46 degree of polymerization (DP) based on mass balance or 31 DP by solution-state 1H NMR in DMSO-d6. With increasing PLMA graft lengths, Br-CNF-g-PLMA cast films exhibited increasing hydrophobicity with water contact angles from 80.9° to 110.6°. The novel Br-CNF-g-PLMA exhibited dual shear thinning behavior of the Br-CNF core as evident by n < 1 flow behavior index and drag reducing properties of PLMA grafts with increased viscosity at up to 21 071×. Br-CNF-g-PLMA with 46 DP could be fully dispersed in silicon pump oil to function as a drag reducer to enhance viscosity up to 5× at 25, 40, and 55 °C. The novel macroinitiator capability of Br-CNF in SI-ATRP of vinyl monomers and the bottlebrush-like LMA surface grafted Br-CNF as highly effective viscosity modifier and drag reducer further demonstrate the versatile functionality of Br-CNF beyond hydrophobic coatings and reactive polyols previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA +1 530 752 084
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California at Davis Davis California 95616-8722 USA
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5
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Sofiah AGN, Pasupuleti J, Samykano M, Kadirgama K, Koh SP, Tiong SK, Pandey AK, Yaw CT, Natarajan SK. Harnessing Nature's Ingenuity: A Comprehensive Exploration of Nanocellulose from Production to Cutting-Edge Applications in Engineering and Sciences. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3044. [PMID: 37514434 PMCID: PMC10385464 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary material supply is the heart of engineering and sciences. The depletion of natural resources and an increase in the human population by a billion in 13 to 15 years pose a critical concern regarding the sustainability of these materials; therefore, functionalizing renewable materials, such as nanocellulose, by possibly exploiting their properties for various practical applications, has been undertaken worldwide. Nanocellulose has emerged as a dominant green natural material with attractive and tailorable physicochemical properties, is renewable and sustainable, and shows biocompatibility and tunable surface properties. Nanocellulose is derived from cellulose, the most abundant polymer in nature with the remarkable properties of nanomaterials. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the methods used for nanocellulose preparation, structure-property and structure-property correlations, and the application of nanocellulose and its nanocomposite materials. This article differentiates the classification of nanocellulose, provides a brief account of the production methods that have been developed for isolating nanocellulose, highlights a range of unique properties of nanocellulose that have been extracted from different kinds of experiments and studies, and elaborates on nanocellulose potential applications in various areas. The present review is anticipated to provide the readers with the progress and knowledge related to nanocellulose. Pushing the boundaries of nanocellulose further into cutting-edge applications will be of particular interest in the future, especially as cost-effective commercial sources of nanocellulose continue to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jagadeesh Pasupuleti
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Samykano
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Kumaran Kadirgama
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Siaw Paw Koh
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sieh Kieh Tiong
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Adarsh Kumar Pandey
- Research Centre for Nano-Materials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Bandar Sunway, Petaling Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Center for Transdiciplinary Research (CFTR), Saveetha University, Chennai 602105, India
| | - Chong Tak Yaw
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Kajang 43000, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sendhil Kumar Natarajan
- Solar Energy Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Puducherry, University of Puducherry, Karaikal 609609, India
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6
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Guo M, Hsieh YL. 2-Bromopropionyl Esterified Cellulose Nanofibrils as Chain Extenders or Polyols in Stoichiometrically Optimized Syntheses of High-Strength Polyurethanes. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:4574-4585. [PMID: 36200931 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
2-Bromopropionyl bromide esterified cellulose nanofibrils (Br-CNFs) facilely synthesized from one-pot esterification of cellulose and in situ ultrasonication exhibited excellent N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) dispersibility and reactivity to partially replace either chain extender or soft segment diol in the stoichiometrically optimized syntheses of polyurethanes (PUs). PUs polymerized with Br-CNF to replace either 11 mol% 1,4-butadiol chain extender OHs or 1.8 mol% polytetramethylene ether glycol OHs, i.e., 1.5 or 0.3 wt% Br-CNF in PUs, exhibited an over 3 times increased modulus, nearly 4 times higher strength, and a 50% increase in strain. In either role, the experimental modulus exceeding those predicted by the Halpin-Tsai model gave evidence of the stoichiometrically optimized covalent bonding with Br-CNF, while the improved strain was attributed to increased hydrogen-bonding interactions between Br-CNF and the soft segment. These new Br-CNFs not only offer novel synthetic strategies to incorporate nanocelluloses in polyurethanes but also maximize their reinforcing effects via their versatile polyol reactant and cross-linking roles, demonstrating promising applications in the synthesis of other polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California95616-8722, United States
| | - You-Lo Hsieh
- Biological and Agricultural Engineering and Chemical Engineering, University of California at Davis, Davis, California95616-8722, United States
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7
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Wohlhauser S, Rader C, Weder C. Facile Method to Determine the Molecular Weight of Polymer Grafts Grown from Cellulose Nanocrystals. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:699-707. [PMID: 35029986 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the main challenges associated with the modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with polymers by surface-initiated polymerization is the characterization of the resulting products, notably the molecular weight of the grafts. The solid nature of the (modified) CNC nanoparticles limits the possibility to apply solution-based characterization techniques, and the cleavage of the macromolecules from the surface of the CNCs to enable their characterization using solution-based techniques is intricate. Here, we report that 1H NMR spectroscopy of the supernatant of the heterogeneous reaction mixture can be used to approximate the molecular weight of poly(hexyl methacrylate) grafts grown from the surface of CNCs via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. This was achieved using 1H NMR spectra to determine the monomer conversion from the change of the relative ratio of monomer and solvent signals in the 1H NMR spectra, which in turn allowed determining the weight of PHMA produced. The number-average molecular weight of the grafted polymer was then estimated by assuming that standard atom transfer radical polymerization kinetics are at play and using the initiator concentration on the CNC surface determined by elemental analysis. The method was validated by comparing the results with the gravimetric data and the data of free polymers that were synthesized with a sacrificial initiator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wohlhauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Chris Rader
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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8
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Torres‐Rocha OL, Campbell S, Woodcock N, Pinaud J, Lacroix‐Desmazes P, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Non‐Covalent Polymer Surface Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals Using Block Copolymers. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.202100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lidia Torres‐Rocha
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University 19 Division Street Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Sophie Campbell
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University 19 Division Street Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
| | - Nicole Woodcock
- Department of Civil Engineering Queen's University 58 University Avenue Kingston Ontario K7M 9H7 Canada
| | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM University Montpellier CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | | | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University 19 Division Street Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering Queen's University 58 University Avenue Kingston Ontario K7M 9H7 Canada
| | - Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University 19 Division Street Kingston Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
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9
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Chen S, Zhang ZL, Song F, Wang XL, Wang YZ. Rapid Synthesis of Polymer-Grafted Cellulose Nanofiber Nanocomposite via Surface-Initiated Cu(0)-Mediated Reversible Deactivation Radical Polymerization. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ze-Lian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Fei Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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10
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Kiriakou MV, Berry RM, Hoare T, Cranston ED. Effect of Reaction Media on Grafting Hydrophobic Polymers from Cellulose Nanocrystals via Surface-Initiated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:3601-3612. [PMID: 34252279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrophobic polymer-grafted cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were produced via surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) in two different solvents to examine the role of reaction media on the extent of surface modification. Poly(butyl acrylate)-grafted CNCs were synthesized in either dimethylformamide (DMF) (D-PBA-g-CNCs) or toluene (T-PBA-g-CNCs) alongside a free polymer from a sacrificial initiator. The colloidal stability of unmodified CNCs, initiator-modified CNCs, and PBA-g-CNCs in water, DMF, and toluene was evaluated by optical transmittance. The enhanced colloidal stability of initiator-modified CNCs in DMF led to improved accessibility to initiator groups during polymer grafting; D-PBA-g-CNCs had 30 times more grafted chains than T-PBA-g-CNCs, determined by thermogravimetric and elemental analysis. D-PBA-g-CNCs dispersed well in toluene and were hydrophobic with a water contact angle of 124° (for polymer grafts > 13 kDa) compared to 25° for T-PBA-g-CNCs. The cellulose crystal structure was preserved, and individual nanoparticles were retained when grafting was carried out in either solvent. This work highlights that optimizing CNC colloidal stability prior to grafting is more crucial than solvent-polymer compatibility to obtain high graft densities and highly hydrophobic CNCs via SI-ATRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Kiriakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Richard M Berry
- CelluForce Inc., 570 boulevard Saint-Jean, Pointe-Claire, Quebec H9R 3J9, Canada
| | - Todd Hoare
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Emily D Cranston
- Departments of Wood Science and Chemical & Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z2, Canada
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11
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Garcia‐Valdez O, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Perspective on the controlled polymer‐modification of chitosan and cellulose nanocrystals: Towards the design of functional materials. CAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Garcia‐Valdez
- Department of Chemical Engineering Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering Queen's University Kingston Ontario Canada
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique, Centre Eau, Terre, Environment Québec City Québec Canada
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12
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Oberlintner A, Likozar B, Novak U. Hydrophobic functionalization reactions of structured cellulose nanomaterials: Mechanisms, kinetics and in silico multi-scale models. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117742. [PMID: 33674002 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.117742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nanoscale-interfaced cellulose nanomaterials are extracted from polysaccharides, which are widely available in nature, biocompatible and biodegradable. Moreover, the latter have a potential to be recycled, upcycled, and formulate therefore a great theoretical predisposition to be used in a number of applications. Nanocrystals, nano-fibrils and nanofibers possess reactive functional groups that enable hydrophobic surface modifications. Analysed literature data, concerning mechanisms, pathways and kinetics, was screened, compared and assessed with regard to the demand of a catalyst, different measurement conditions and added molecule reactions. There is presently only a scarce technique description for carbonOH bond functionalization, considering the elementary chemical steps, sequences and intermediates of these (non)catalytic transformations. The overview of the prevailing basic research together with in silico modelling approach methodology gives us a deeper physical understanding of processes. Finally, to further highlight the applicability of such raw materials, the review of the development in several multidisciplinary fields was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Oberlintner
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova Cesta 39, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Blaž Likozar
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Uroš Novak
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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13
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Highly Hydrophobic, Homogeneous Suspension and Resin by Graft Copolymerization Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystal (CNC). JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs4040186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a nanoscale colloid with superior potential for coatings, liquid crystal displays, and optoelectronics. However, to date, the presence of hydrophilicity still limits its application. Multifunction via graft copolymerization modification of CNC appears to be breaking into a new direction. In this study, we used the residual hydroxyl groups on the CNC to react with 2-bromoisobu-tyryl bromide, and the initiator was therefore anchored on the CNC surface. Through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), CNC was successfully grafted to azobenzene monomer, i.e., 9-[4-[2-[4-(trifluorometh) phenyl] diazenyl] phenoxy] nonayl acrylate (FAZO). After a series of characterization methods, such as FTIR, NMR and XRD, it was found that the surface water contact angle of the CNC-PFAZO prepared by the modification was as high as 134.4°, and the high hydrophilicity of this material could be maintained for up to one month, even longer.
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14
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Chu Y, Sun Y, Wu W, Xiao H. Dispersion Properties of Nanocellulose: A Review. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 250:116892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Park SH, Shin SS, Park CH, Jeon S, Gwon J, Lee SY, Kim SJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH. Poly(acryloyl hydrazide)-grafted cellulose nanocrystal adsorbents with an excellent Cr(VI) adsorption capacity. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 394:122512. [PMID: 32200239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we prepared poly(acryloyl hydrazide) (PAH)-grafted cellulose nanocrystal (CNC-PAH) particles via the atom transfer radical polymerization method for application to Cr(VI) adsorption. The closely-packed PAH chains grafted on the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) surface provide a high density of amine groups that can adsorb Cr(VI) through strong electrostatic, hydrogen bonding and chelating interactions. CNC-PAH exhibited the optimum Cr(VI) adsorption capacity at the solution pH = 3, where its electrostatic attraction with Cr(VI) was maximized. Cr(VI) was chemisorbed in CNC-PAH by following the Langmuir isotherm mechanism (homogeneous monolayer adsorption). The Cr(VI) adsorption kinetics of CNC-PAH was controlled predominantly by intra-particle diffusion resistance imparted by the PAH shell layer. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that Cr(VI) adsorption of CNC-PAH is a spontaneous and endothermic process. Importantly, CNC-PAH grafted with the higher Mw (∼50 kg mol-1) PAH exhibited a rapid Cr(VI) adsorption rate and remarkably high Cr(VI) adsorption capacity (∼457.6 mg g-1 at 298.15 K), exceeding those of previously reported adsorbents owing to its numerous Cr(VI)-adsorptive amine groups provided by the closely-packed grafted PAH polymers. Furthermore, CNC-PAH showed excellent reusability to maintain its high adsorption ability during repeated adsorption-desorption cycles owing to the covalently binding nature of the PAH polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hee Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Su Shin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Hyung Park
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwon Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaegyoung Gwon
- Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Science, Seoul, 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Jun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea; Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Ju Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, 34057, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Chen W, Yuan Y, Chen Y. Visualized Bond Scission in Mechanochemiluminescent Polymethyl Acrylate/Cellulose Nanocrystals Composites. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:438-442. [PMID: 35648498 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of nanocomposites based on cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and polymethyl acrylate (PMA) with covalently incorporated 1,2-dioxetane as a luminescent mechanophore were prepared. Through surface-initiated single-electron transfer radical polymerization, the CNCs nanofiller offers good compatibility with polymer matrix. As a consequence, all the composite materials exhibit reinforced mechanical properties with increased stiffness and strength. Most importantly, 1,2-dioxetane is demonstrated as a sensitive platform to characterize the dissipation pathway of fracture energy, as well as the polymer chain scission in the Mullins effect within these polymer nanocomposites. The combined use of mechanical macroscopic testing and molecular bond scission data herein provides detailed information on how force distributes and failure occurs in complex soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300354, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Luo R, Dong J, Li X, Luo Y. Coassembly behavior and kinetics of cellulose nanocrystals and pH-responsive diblock copolymers PMMA-b-PDEAEMA at oil/water interfaces and applied on the liquid tubule formation. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04631-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Chen S, Hori N, Kajiyama M, Takemura A. Graft modification of methyl acrylate onto chicken feather via surface initiated Cu(0)‐mediated reversible‐deactivation radical polymerization. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Chen
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo, 1‐1‐1 Yayoi, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐8657 Japan
| | - Naruhito Hori
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo, 1‐1‐1 Yayoi, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐8657 Japan
| | - Mikio Kajiyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tennodai, Tsukuba Ibaraki 305‐8577 Japan
| | - Akio Takemura
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of Tokyo, 1‐1‐1 Yayoi, Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo 113‐8657 Japan
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19
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Zhang J, Zhang X, Li MC, Dong J, Lee S, Cheng HN, Lei T, Wu Q. Cellulose nanocrystal driven microphase separated nanocomposites: Enhanced mechanical performance and nanostructured morphology. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 130:685-694. [PMID: 30826401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The interest in the modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) lies in the potential to homogenously disperse CNCs in hydrophobic polymer matrices and to promote interfacial adhesion. In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) were grafted onto CNCs, thereby imparting their hydrophobic traits. The successful grafting modification led to the increased thermal stability of modified CNCs (MCNCs), and the hydrophobic surface modification was integrated with crystalline structure and morphology of CNCs. The nanocomposites with 7 wt% MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA had an increase in Young's modulus of >25-fold and in tensile strength at about 3 times compared to these of neat PBA-co-PMMA copolymer. In addition, a micro-phase separated morphology (PBA soft domains, and PMMA and CNC hard domains) of MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA nanocomposites was observed. The large increase in the storage moduli (glass transition temperatures) and organized morphology of MCNCs/PBA-co-PMMA nanocomposites also elucidated the relationship between mechanical properties and micro-phase separated morphology. Therefore, the MCNCs are effective reinforcing agents for the PBA-co-PMMA thermoplastic elastomers, opening up opportunities for their wide-spread applications in polymer composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlong Zhang
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Xiuqiang Zhang
- Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China
| | - Mei-Chun Li
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Ju Dong
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Sunyoung Lee
- Department of Forest Products, National Institute of Forest Research, Seoul 130-712, Republic of Korea
| | - H N Cheng
- US Department of Agriculture, Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 1100 Robert E Lee Blvd, New Orleans, LA 70124, United States
| | - Tingzhou Lei
- Key Biomass Energy Laboratory of Henan Province, Zhengzhou 450008, Henan, China.
| | - Qinglin Wu
- School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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20
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Farnia F, Fan W, Dory Y, Zhao Y. Making Nanocomposites of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers Using Gas‐Responsive Cellulose Nanocrystals. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900114. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Farnia
- Département de chimieUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Weizheng Fan
- Département de chimieUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Yves Dory
- Département de chimieUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Canada
| | - Yue Zhao
- Département de chimieUniversité de Sherbrooke Sherbrooke J1K 2R1 Canada
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21
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Zhang Z, Wang X, Tam KC, Sèbe G. A comparative study on grafting polymers from cellulose nanocrystals via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and activator re-generated by electron transfer ATRP. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 205:322-329. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Rheological behavior of hybrid suspensions of chitin nanorods and siloxane oligomers. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2018.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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23
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Thomas B, Raj MC, B AK, H RM, Joy J, Moores A, Drisko GL, Sanchez C. Nanocellulose, a Versatile Green Platform: From Biosources to Materials and Their Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11575-11625. [PMID: 30403346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 559] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
With increasing environmental and ecological concerns due to the use of petroleum-based chemicals and products, the synthesis of fine chemicals and functional materials from natural resources is of great public value. Nanocellulose may prove to be one of the most promising green materials of modern times due to its intrinsic properties, renewability, and abundance. In this review, we present nanocellulose-based materials from sourcing, synthesis, and surface modification of nanocellulose, to materials formation and applications. Nanocellulose can be sourced from biomass, plants, or bacteria, relying on fairly simple, scalable, and efficient isolation techniques. Mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments, or a combination of these, can be used to extract nanocellulose from natural sources. The properties of nanocellulose are dependent on the source, the isolation technique, and potential subsequent surface transformations. Nanocellulose surface modification techniques are typically used to introduce either charged or hydrophobic moieties, and include amidation, esterification, etherification, silylation, polymerization, urethanization, sulfonation, and phosphorylation. Nanocellulose has excellent strength, high Young's modulus, biocompatibility, and tunable self-assembly, thixotropic, and photonic properties, which are essential for the applications of this material. Nanocellulose participates in the fabrication of a large range of nanomaterials and nanocomposites, including those based on polymers, metals, metal oxides, and carbon. In particular, nanocellulose complements organic-based materials, where it imparts its mechanical properties to the composite. Nanocellulose is a promising material whenever material strength, flexibility, and/or specific nanostructuration are required. Applications include functional paper, optoelectronics, and antibacterial coatings, packaging, mechanically reinforced polymer composites, tissue scaffolds, drug delivery, biosensors, energy storage, catalysis, environmental remediation, and electrochemically controlled separation. Phosphorylated nanocellulose is a particularly interesting material, spanning a surprising set of applications in various dimensions including bone scaffolds, adsorbents, and flame retardants and as a support for the heterogenization of homogeneous catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bejoy Thomas
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Midhun C Raj
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Athira K B
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Rubiyah M H
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India
| | - Jithin Joy
- Department of Chemistry , Newman College, Thodupuzha , 685 585 Thodupuzha , Kerala , India.,International and Interuniversity Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IIUCNN), Mahatma Gandhi University , 686 560 Kottayam , Kerala , India
| | - Audrey Moores
- Centre in Green Chemistry and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry , McGill University , 801 Sherbrooke Street West , Montreal , Quebec H3A 0B8 , Canada
| | - Glenna L Drisko
- CNRS, ICMCB, Université de Bordeaux, UMR 5026 , F-33600 Pessac , France
| | - Clément Sanchez
- UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7574 Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, Collège de France , 11 place, Marcelin Berthelot , F-75005 , Paris , France
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24
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Zhang Z, Tam KC, Sèbe G, Wang X. Convenient characterization of polymers grafted on cellulose nanocrystals via SI-ATRP without chain cleavage. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 199:603-609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Kedzior SA, Kiriakou M, Niinivaara E, Dubé MA, Fraschini C, Berry RM, Cranston ED. Incorporating Cellulose Nanocrystals into the Core of Polymer Latex Particles via Polymer Grafting. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:990-996. [PMID: 35650951 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization was used to graft hydrophobic poly(butyl acrylate) from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) resulting in compatibilized CNCs that were successfully incorporated inside the core of polymer latex particles. CNCs are anisotropic nanoparticles derived from renewable resources and have potential as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites. However, challenges due to the incompatibility between cellulose and hydrophobic polymers and processing difficulties, such as aggregation, have limited the performance of CNC nanocomposites produced to date. Here, CNCs were incorporated into the miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate by adding polymer-grafted CNCs to the monomer phase. A poly(methyl methacrylate)-CNC nanocomposite latex was subsequently produced in situ, whereby polymer-grafted CNCs (with optimized graft length) were located inside the latex particles, as shown by transmission electron microscopy. This work provides a method for controlling the location of CNCs in latex-based nanocomposites and may extend the use of CNCs in commercial adhesives and coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A. Kedzior
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7
| | - Michael Kiriakou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7
| | - Elina Niinivaara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7
| | - Marc A. Dubé
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Centre for Catalyst Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur Pvt., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Carole Fraschini
- FPInnovations, 570 Boulevard St. Jean, Pointe-Claire, Quebec, Canada, H9R 3J9
| | - Richard M. Berry
- CelluForce Inc., 625 Président-Kennedy Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, H3A 1K2
| | - Emily D. Cranston
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, L8S 4L7
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26
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Wohlhauser S, Delepierre G, Labet M, Morandi G, Thielemans W, Weder C, Zoppe JO. Grafting Polymers from Cellulose Nanocrystals: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Wohlhauser
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Gwendoline Delepierre
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marianne Labet
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Gaëlle Morandi
- Laboratoire Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces, Normandie Université, INSA de Rouen, Avenue de l’Université, 76801 Saint-Étienne-du-Rouvray Cedex, France
| | - Wim Thielemans
- Renewable Materials and Nanotechnology Research Group, Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Campus Kulak Kortrijk, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Christoph Weder
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Justin O. Zoppe
- Adolphe Merkle Institute, University of Fribourg, Chemin des Verdiers 4, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
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27
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Liu X, Bai X, Li J, Wang C, Ren Q. Synthesis and characterization of amphiphilic graft copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) as the hydrophilic backbone and poly(butyl methacrylate) as the hydrophobic graft chain. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4369-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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29
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Lligadas G, Grama S, Percec V. Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Biomacromolecules and their Conjugates by Single Electron Transfer-Living Radical Polymerization. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:1039-1063. [PMID: 28276244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP) represents a robust and versatile tool for the synthesis of vinyl polymers with well-defined topology and chain end functionality. The crucial step in SET-LRP is the disproportionation of the Cu(I)X generated by activation with Cu(0) wire, powder, or nascent Cu(0) generated in situ into nascent, extremely reactive Cu(0) atoms and nanoparticles and Cu(II)X2. Nascent Cu(0) activates the initiator and dormant chains via a homogeneous or heterogeneous outer-sphere single-electron transfer mechanism (SET-LRP). SET-LRP provides an ultrafast polymerization of a plethora of monomers (e.g., (meth)-acrylates, (meth)-acrylamides, styrene, and vinyl chloride) including hydrophobic and water insoluble to hydrophilic and water soluble. Some advantageous features of SET-LRP are (i) the use of Cu(0) wire or powder as readily available catalysts under mild reaction conditions, (ii) their excellent control over molecular weight evolution and distribution as well as polymer chain ends, (iii) their high functional group tolerance allowing the polymerization of commercial-grade monomers, and (iv) the limited purification required for the resulting polymers. In this Perspective, we highlight the recent advancements of SET-LRP in the synthesis of biomacromolecules and of their conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Lligadas
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States.,Laboratory of Sustainable Polymers, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili , Tarragona, Spain
| | - Silvia Grama
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
| | - Virgil Percec
- Roy & Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, United States
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30
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Grafting-from cellulose nanocrystals via photoinduced Cu-mediated reversible-deactivation radical polymerization. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1033-1040. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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31
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Garcia-Valdez O, Brescacin T, Arredondo J, Bouchard J, Jessop PG, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Grafting CO2-responsive polymers from cellulose nanocrystals via nitroxide-mediated polymerisation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00631d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CO2-Responsive polymers are grafted onto cellulose nanocrystals using nitroxide-mediated polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
- Department of Civil Engineering
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32
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Glasing J, Bouchard J, Jessop PG, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Grafting well-defined CO2-responsive polymers to cellulose nanocrystals via nitroxide-mediated polymerisation: effect of graft density and molecular weight on dispersion behaviour. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01258f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary polyamines and polyamides were grafted to cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) via Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerisation to yield well-defined CNC, which were examined for their CO2-responsive dispersibility in water and oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Glasing
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 19 Division Street
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | | | - P. G. Jessop
- Department of Chemistry
- 90 Bader Lane
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - P. Champagne
- Department of Civil Engineering
- 58 University Avenue
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - M. F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 19 Division Street
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
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33
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Page ZA, Bou Zerdan R, Gutekunst WR, Anastasaki A, Seo S, McGrath AJ, Lunn DJ, Clark PG, Hawker CJ. A di‐
tert
‐butyl acrylate monomer for controlled radical photopolymerization. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah A. Page
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Raghida Bou Zerdan
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Will R. Gutekunst
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Athina Anastasaki
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Sungbaek Seo
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
| | - David J. Lunn
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3TA United Kingdom
| | - Paul G. Clark
- Organics, Polymers, and Organometallics divisionThe Dow Chemical CompanyMidland Michigan48674
| | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Department, Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta Barbara California93106
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34
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Pushpamalar J, Veeramachineni AK, Owh C, Loh XJ. Biodegradable Polysaccharides for Controlled Drug Delivery. Chempluschem 2016; 81:504-514. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201600112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cally Owh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE); A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
| | - Xian Jun Loh
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE); A*STAR; 3 Research Link Singapore 117602 Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; National University of Singapore; 9 Engineering Drive 1 Singapore 117576 Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute; 11 Third Hospital Avenue Singapore 168751 Singapore
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35
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Roeder RD, Garcia-Valdez O, Whitney RA, Champagne P, Cunningham MF. Graft modification of cellulose nanocrystals via nitroxide-mediated polymerisation. Polym Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6py01515h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanocrystals were graft modfied with PMA and PMMA via nitroxide mediated polymerisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan D. Roeder
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 19 Division Street
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Omar Garcia-Valdez
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 19 Division Street
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Ralph A. Whitney
- Department of Chemistry
- 90 Bader Lane
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Pascale Champagne
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 19 Division Street
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
| | - Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- 19 Division Street
- Queen's University
- Kingston
- Canada
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