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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Li P, Zhou P, Wang J, Wang G. Synthesis, characterization, and property of ionized nano‐objects with defined phase separation. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Penghan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Peng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Jian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
| | - Guowei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science Fudan University Shanghai China
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Li J, Ji S, Yu X, Yuan X, Zhang K, Ren L. Magnetic Poly(ionic liquid)s: Bottlebrush versus Linear Structures. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c02457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiangli Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shengqi Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoliang Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brine Chemical Engineering and Resource Eco-utilization, College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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El Seoud OA, Keppeler N, Malek NI, Galgano PD. Ionic Liquid-Based Surfactants: Recent Advances in Their Syntheses, Solution Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1100. [PMID: 33808369 PMCID: PMC8036849 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The impetus for the expanding interest in ionic liquids (ILs) is their favorable properties and important applications. Ionic liquid-based surfactants (ILBSs) carry long-chain hydrophobic tails. Two or more molecules of ILBSs can be joined by covalent bonds leading, e.g., to gemini compounds (GILBSs). This review article focuses on aspects of the chemistry and applications of ILBSs and GILBSs, especially in the last ten years. Data on their adsorption at the interface and micelle formation are relevant for the applications of these surfactants. Therefore, we collected data for 152 ILBSs and 11 biamphiphilic compounds. The head ions of ILBSs are usually heterocyclic (imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, etc.). Most of these head-ions are also present in the reported 53 GILBSs. Where possible, we correlate the adsorption/micellar properties of the surfactants with their molecular structures, in particular, the number of carbon atoms present in the hydrocarbon "tail". The use of ILBSs as templates for the fabrication of mesoporous nanoparticles enables better control of particle porosity and size, hence increasing their usefulness. ILs and ILBSs form thermodynamically stable water/oil and oil/water microemulsions. These were employed as templates for (radical) polymerization reactions, where the monomer is the "oil" component. The formed polymer nanoparticles can be further stabilized against aggregation by using a functionalized ILBS that is co-polymerized with the monomers. In addition to updating the literature on the subject, we hope that this review highlights the versatility and hence the potential applications of these classes of surfactants in several fields, including synthesis, catalysis, polymers, decontamination, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar A. El Seoud
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (N.K.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Nicolas Keppeler
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (N.K.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Naved I. Malek
- Applied Chemistry Department, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat 395 007, Gujarat, India;
| | - Paula D. Galgano
- Institute of Chemistry, The University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (N.K.); (P.D.G.)
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Yu X, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Ren L. From Paramagnetic to Superparamagnetic Ionic Liquid/Poly(ionic liquid): The Effect of π-π Stacking Interaction. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1504-1510. [PMID: 35651180 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) and poly(magnetic ionic liquids) (PMILs) with FeCl4- as anions usually show weak magnetism, such as paramagnetism or antiferromagnetism, at room temperature. Inspired by the natural inorganic ferromagnet with ordered crystal structures, a soft superparamagnetic ionic liquid (TMBBDI[FeCl4]) and corresponding poly(ionic liquid) (PTMBBDI[FeCl4]) were prepared by introducing π-π stacking biphenyl groups into the organic cations. Both of the compounds exhibited superparamagnetism from 100 to 300 K, while a ferromagnetic hysteresis loop was found at 300 K. Ferromagnetic interactions were observed from zero field cooling and field cooling studies for both TMBBDI[FeCl4] and PTMBBDI[FeCl4]. However, the MIL and PMIL without π-π stacking interaction were paramagnetic without ferromagnetic interaction. The superparamagnetism of the TMBBDI[FeCl4] and PTMBBDI[FeCl4] was ascribed to the π-π stacking interactions between biphenyl groups, which not only shortened the Fe-Fe distance to the ferromagnetic interaction range but also increased the order degree of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Qian W, Texter J, Yan F. Frontiers in poly(ionic liquid)s: syntheses and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 46:1124-1159. [PMID: 28180218 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00620e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 509] [Impact Index Per Article: 84.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We review recent works on the synthesis and application of poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs). Novel chemical structures, different synthetic strategies and controllable morphologies are introduced as a supplement to PIL systems already reported. The primary properties determining applications, such as ionic conductivity, aqueous solubility, thermodynamic stability and electrochemical/chemical durability, are discussed. Furthermore, the near-term applications of PILs in multiple fields, such as their use in electrochemical energy materials, stimuli-responsive materials, carbon materials, and antimicrobial materials, in catalysis, in sensors, in absorption and in separation materials, as well as several special-interest applications, are described in detail. We also discuss the limitations of PIL applications, efforts to improve PIL physics, and likely future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
| | - John Texter
- School of Engineering Technology, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Design and Application, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China.
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Yu X, Mu C, Dai D, Yuan X, Zhang K, Ren L. Well-Defined Magnetic Responsive Polymers Containing Ammonium FeCl4from ROMP. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Chunyan Mu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Dongdong Dai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; The Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials; Tianjin University; Tianjin 300072 China
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Zhou T, Lei Y, Zhang H, Zhang P, Yan C, Zheng Z, Chen Y, Yu Y. Visible-Light Photolabile, Charge-Convertible Poly(ionic liquid) for Light-degradable Films and Carbon-Based Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:23431-23436. [PMID: 27579478 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b09048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report for the first time an innovative visible-light photolabile poly(ionic liquid) (VP-PIL). The as-prepared VP-PIL features low Tg (47 °C), good thermal stability (Td ≈ 284 °C) and solubility in ranges of polar solvents. Upon blue light irradiation (∼452 nm), C-O bonds of picolinuim units are photocleaved, and the charges of PILs are simultaneously converted from positive to negative. Taking full advantages of these excellent properties of VP-PIL, a visible light degradable film for the first time is fabricated. Moreover, to demonstrate its applications in electronics, we prepared high-quality VP-PIL-containing conductive ink for flexible interconnects and graphene electrodes for supercapacitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongtong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Yuan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Hanzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Casey Yan
- Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- Nanotechnology Center, Institute of Textiles and Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Hong Kong, China
| | - Yongming Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-Sen University , Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - You Yu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University , Xi'an 710069 China
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