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Künzel-Tenner A, Kirsch C, Dolynchuk O, Rößner L, Wach M, Kempe F, von Unwerth T, Lederer A, Sebastiani D, Armbrüster M, Sommer M. Proton-Conducting Membranes from Polyphenylenes Containing Armstrong's Acid. Macromolecules 2024; 57:1238-1247. [PMID: 38370913 PMCID: PMC10870345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.3c02123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the use of 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonic acid as a suitable building block for the efficient and economic preparation of alternating sulfonated polyphenylenes with high ion-exchange capacity (IEC) via Suzuki polycondensation. Key to large molar masses is the use of an all-meta-terphenyl comonomer instead of m-phenyl, the latter giving low molar masses and brittle materials. A protection/deprotection strategy for base-stable neopentyl sulfonates is successfully implemented to improve the solubility and molar mass of the polymers. Solution-based deprotection of polyphenylene neopentyl sulfonates at 150 °C in dimethylacetamide eliminates isopentylene quantitatively, resulting in membranes with high IEC (2.93 mequiv/g) and high proton conductivity (σ = 138 mS/cm). Water solubility of these copolymers with high IEC requires thermal cross-linking to prevent their dissolution under operating conditions. By balancing the temperature and time of the cross-linking process, water uptake can be restricted to 50 wt %, retaining an IEC of 2.33 mequiv/g and a conductivity of 85 mS/cm. Chemical stability is addressed by treatment of the membranes under Fenton's conditions and by considering barrier heights for desulfonation using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The DFT results suggest that 1,5-disulfonated naphthalenes are at least as stable as sulfonated polyphenylenes against desulfonation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Künzel-Tenner
- Institut
für Chemie, Polymerchemie, Technische
Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Christoph Kirsch
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Oleksandr Dolynchuk
- Experimental
Polymer Physics, Martin Luther University
Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz
3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Leonard Rößner
- Institut
für Chemie, Materialien für Innovative Energiekonzepte, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Maxime Wach
- Institut
für Automobilforschung, Technische
Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Fabian Kempe
- Institut
für Chemie, Polymerchemie, Technische
Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Thomas von Unwerth
- Institut
für Automobilforschung, Technische
Universität Chemnitz, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Albena Lederer
- Leibniz
Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e. V., Hohe Straße 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry and Polymer Science, Stellenbosch
University, Private Bag
X1, 7602 Matieland, South Africa
| | - Daniel Sebastiani
- Institut
für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Marc Armbrüster
- Institut
für Chemie, Materialien für Innovative Energiekonzepte, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Michael Sommer
- Institut
für Chemie, Polymerchemie, Technische
Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany
- Forschungszentrum
MAIN, TU Chemnitz, Rosenbergstraße 6, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany
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Biery AR, Knauss DM. Synthesis and properties of cationic multiblock polyaramides and polyimides. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alison R. Biery
- Department of Chemistry Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado USA
| | - Daniel M. Knauss
- Department of Chemistry Colorado School of Mines Golden Colorado USA
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Chen X, Xiao L, Qiu XS, Chen KC. Properties of Multiblock Sulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone)s Synthesized by Precise Controllable Post-sulfonation for Proton Exchange Membranes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2713-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Che Q, Li Z, Pan B, Duan X, Jia T, Liu L. Fabrication of layered membrane electrolytes with spin coating technique as anhydrous proton exchange membranes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 555:722-730. [PMID: 31416027 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Spin coating technique is a simple and effective method to fabricate layered membranes and it has been widely used in the field of energy storage and transformation, biomaterials and electronics. The aim of this work is to develop anhydrous proton exchange membranes (PEMs) based on cheap polymers bearing the simple structure with spin coating technique. Successful fabrication of anhydrous PEMs based on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer, cadmium telluride (CdTe) nanocrystals and phosphoric acid (PA) molecules has been demonstrated by identification of high and stable proton conductivity. Specifically, (PVDF-CdTe-PA)5/85%PA membranes present the maximum proton conductivity of 7.70 × 10-2 S/cm at 160 °C and 1.42 × 10-2 S/cm at 140 °C lasting 620 h. The decreased proton conduction resistance is revealed from the drastic reduction of activation energy (Ea) owing to the layered structure and the adsorption of PA molecules. The introduction of CdTe nanocrystals to form the organic/inorganic composite membranes that is substantially more effective at improving proton conductivity and stiffness, showing great promise in solving the dilemma of proton conductivity and mechanical property. This study provides the support to exploit anhydrous PEMs with more cheap polymers using spin coating technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quantong Che
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China.
| | - Ziyun Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Bin Pan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Xiangqing Duan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Tingting Jia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
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6
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Zhang SX, Wu XL, Hao TH, Hu GH, Jiang T, Zhang QC, Zhao H. Structure design, fabrication and property investigation of water-based polyesters with notable surface hydrophilicity. NEW J CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8nj03884h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Environmentally friendly waterborne polyesters (WPEs) were obtained by copolymerization of diethylene glycol (DEG), isophthalic acid (IPA) and 5-sulfoisophthalic acid monosodium salt (5-SSIPA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xian Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Xiao-Li Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Tong-Hui Hao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Guo-Hua Hu
- Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering (CNRS UMR 7274)
- CNRS-University of Lorraine, ENSIC
- France
| | - Tao Jiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Qun-Chao Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering
- Guangxi University
- Nanning 530004
- China
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Aryal D, Agrawal A, Perahia D, Grest GS. Structured Ionomer Thin Films at Water Interface: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Insight. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:11070-11076. [PMID: 28832167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b02485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the structure and dynamics of thin films of ionizable polymers at water interfaces is critical to their many applications. As the chemical diversity within one polymer is increased, controlling the structure and dynamics of the polymer, which is a key to their use, becomes a challenge. Here molecular dynamics simulations (MD) are used to obtain molecular insight into the structure and dynamics of thin films of one such macromolecule at the interface with water. The polymer consists of an ABCBA topology with randomly sulfonated polystyrene (C), tethered symmetrically to flexible poly(ethylene-r-propylene) blocks (B), and end-capped by a poly(t-butylstyrene) block (A). The compositions of the interfacial and bulk regions of thin films of the ABCBA polymers are followed as a function of exposure time to water. We find that interfacial rearrangements take place where buried ionic segments migrate toward the water interface. The hydrophobic blocks collapse and rearrange to minimize their exposure to water. The water that initially drives interfacial reengagements breaks the ionic clusters within the film, forming a dynamic hydrophilic internal network within the hydrophobic segments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gary S Grest
- Sandia National Laboratories , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
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Gong C, Pinatti L, Lavigne G, Shaw MT, Scola DA. Thermal stability of end-capped and linear sulfonated polyimides, sulfonated polystyrene, and Nafion 117. J Appl Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/app.45694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenliang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Lanzhou University; Lanzhou 730000 People's Republic of China
| | - Laura Pinatti
- Polymer Science Program, Institute of Materials Science; University of Connecticut; 97 North Eagleville Road, U-3136, Storrs Connecticut 06269-3136
| | - Gary Lavigne
- Polymer Science Program, Institute of Materials Science; University of Connecticut; 97 North Eagleville Road, U-3136, Storrs Connecticut 06269-3136
| | - Montgomery T. Shaw
- Polymer Science Program, Institute of Materials Science; University of Connecticut; 97 North Eagleville Road, U-3136, Storrs Connecticut 06269-3136
| | - Daniel A. Scola
- Polymer Science Program, Institute of Materials Science; University of Connecticut; 97 North Eagleville Road, U-3136, Storrs Connecticut 06269-3136
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