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Degirmenci A, Sanyal R, Sanyal A. Metal-Free Click-Chemistry: A Powerful Tool for Fabricating Hydrogels for Biomedical Applications. Bioconjug Chem 2024; 35:433-452. [PMID: 38516745 PMCID: PMC11036366 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Increasing interest in the utilization of hydrogels in various areas of biomedical sciences ranging from biosensing and drug delivery to tissue engineering has necessitated the synthesis of these materials using efficient and benign chemical transformations. In this regard, the advent of "click" chemistry revolutionized the design of hydrogels and a range of efficient reactions was utilized to obtain hydrogels with increased control over their physicochemical properties. The ability to apply the "click" chemistry paradigm to both synthetic and natural polymers as hydrogel precursors further expanded the utility of this chemistry in network formation. In particular, the ability to integrate clickable handles at predetermined locations in polymeric components enables the formation of well-defined networks. Although, in the early years of "click" chemistry, the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition was widely employed, recent years have focused on the use of metal-free "click" transformations, since residual metal impurities may interfere with or compromise the biological function of such materials. Furthermore, many of the non-metal-catalyzed "click" transformations enable the fabrication of injectable hydrogels, as well as the fabrication of microstructured gels using spatial and temporal control. This review article summarizes the recent advances in the fabrication of hydrogels using various metal-free "click" reactions and highlights the applications of thus obtained materials. One could envision that the use of these versatile metal-free "click" reactions would continue to revolutionize the design of functional hydrogels geared to address unmet needs in biomedical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysun Degirmenci
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Rana Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
| | - Amitav Sanyal
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
- Center
for Life Sciences and Technologies, Bogazici
University, Bebek, Istanbul 34342, Türkiye
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2
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Nallbani BG, Kahraman MV, Degirmenci I. Computational Study on Radical-Mediated Thiol-Epoxy Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:8050-8058. [PMID: 37737119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c03234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Radical-mediated thiol-epoxy reactions were elucidated for analyzing the overlap problem of the thiol-ene/thiol-epoxy systems using computational approaches. Nine epoxy model molecules were evaluated to mimic the chemical structures and reactivity of some industrial epoxy molecules. Modeling reaction mechanisms was conducted through density functional theory (DFT) calculations using the M06-2X/6-31+G(d,p) level at 1.0 atm and 298.15 K. An analog thiol-ene mechanism was proposed for radical-mediated thiol-epoxide reactions. Unlike the thiol-ene reactions, the addition reaction to epoxides is relatively slow (rate constants <10-4 M-1 s-1). However, the chain transfer, which paves the way for the overlapping of dual curing systems, is quite fast (rate constants >101 M-1 s-1). High stability of thiyl radicals, epoxy ring strain, and the instability of formed alkoxy radical from addition reaction were emphasized as the main driving forces for the reaction energetics and kinetics. Control of temperature and using certain thiols are strongly recommended to avoid curing step overlap based on the findings in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Memet Vezir Kahraman
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Isa Degirmenci
- Chemical Engineering Department, Ondokuz Mayıs University, 55139 Samsun, Turkey
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3
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Gao Y, Peng K, Mitragotri S. Covalently Crosslinked Hydrogels via Step-Growth Reactions: Crosslinking Chemistries, Polymers, and Clinical Impact. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2006362. [PMID: 33988273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202006362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels are an important class of biomaterials with the unique property of high-water content in a crosslinked polymer network. In particular, chemically crosslinked hydrogels have made a great clinical impact in past years because of their desirable mechanical properties and tunability of structural and chemical properties. Various polymers and step-growth crosslinking chemistries are harnessed for fabricating such covalently crosslinked hydrogels for translational research. However, selecting appropriate crosslinking chemistries and polymers for the intended clinical application is time-consuming and challenging. It requires the integration of polymer chemistry knowledge with thoughtful crosslinking reaction design. This task becomes even more challenging when other factors such as the biological mechanisms of the pathology, practical administration routes, and regulatory requirements add additional constraints. In this review, key features of crosslinking chemistries and polymers commonly used for preparing translatable hydrogels are outlined and their performance in biological systems is summarized. The examples of effective polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations that have yielded clinically approved hydrogel products are specifically highlighted. These hydrogel design parameters in the context of the regulatory process and clinical translation barriers, providing a guideline for the rational selection of polymer/crosslinking chemistry combinations to construct hydrogels with high translational potential are further considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsheng Gao
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kevin Peng
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Wyss Institute of Biologically Inspired Engineering, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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4
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Thiolated polymeric hydrogels for biomedical application: Cross-linking mechanisms. J Control Release 2021; 330:470-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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5
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Zhang H, Cai Q, Zhu Y, Zhu W. A simple hydrogel scaffold with injectability, adhesivity and osteogenic activity for bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:960-972. [DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01840f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A simple hydrogel scaffold with injectability, adhesivity and osteogenic activity is facilely prepared by directly mixing strontium chloride and Alg-DA aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjie Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Qiuquan Cai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Yanhui Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou
- China
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6
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Tsagdi A, Druvari D, Panagiotaras D, Avramidis P, Bekiari V, Kallitsis JK. Polymeric Coatings Based on Water-Soluble Trimethylammonium Copolymers for Antifouling Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25071678. [PMID: 32268518 PMCID: PMC7180454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Crosslinked polymeric materials based on a quaternary trimethylammonium compound were developed and evaluated as potential antifouling coatings. For this purpose, two water-soluble random copolymers, poly(4-vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid) P(VBCTMAM-co-AAx) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide-co-glycidylmethacrylate) P(DMAm-co-GMAx), were synthesized via free radical polymerization. A water based approach for the synthesis of P(VBCTMAM-co-AAx) copolymer was used. Coatings of the complementary reactive copolymers in different compositions were obtained by curing at 120 °C for one day and were used to coat aquaculture nets. These nets were evaluated in respect to their release rate using Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN) measurements. Finally, the antifouling efficacy of these newly-composed durable coatings was investigated for 14 days in accelerated conditions. The results showed that this novel polymeric material provides contact-killing antifouling activity for a short time period, whereas it functions efficiently in biofouling removal after high-pressure cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artemis Tsagdi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR–26504 Patras, Greece; (A.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Denisa Druvari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR–26504 Patras, Greece; (A.T.); (D.D.)
| | - Dionisios Panagiotaras
- Department of Environment, Ionian University, M. Minotou-Giannopoulou 26, Zakynthos 29100, Greece;
- Department of Geology, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Pavlos Avramidis
- Department of Geology, University of Patras, GR-26504 Patras, Greece;
| | - Vlasoula Bekiari
- Department of Animal Production, Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Patras, 30200 Messolonghi, Greece;
| | - Joannis K. Kallitsis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Patras, GR–26504 Patras, Greece; (A.T.); (D.D.)
- Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (FORTH)/Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Stadiou Str., Platani, P.O. Box 1414, GR-265 04 Rio-Patras, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: (+302610) 962952; Fax: (+302610) 997122
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Jiao C, Gao L, Zhang H, Yu B, Cong H, Shen Y. Dynamic Covalent C═C Bond, Cross-Linked, Injectable, and Self-Healable Hydrogels via Knoevenagel Condensation. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1234-1242. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caicai Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lilong Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hailin Cong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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8
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Xin F, Han J, Pan H, Sun F. Surface microstructures and properties of thiol-epoxy/thiol-Si-methacrylate hybrid polymer networks prepared by UV-induced polymerization. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2019.1698965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Xin
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junyi Han
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - He Pan
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fang Sun
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Anqing Research Institute, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, High-Tech District, Anqing City, Anhui, China
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9
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Pirayesh A, Salami-Kalajahi M, Roghani-Mamaqani H, Najafi F. Polysulfide Polymers: Synthesis, Blending, Nanocomposites, and Applications. POLYM REV 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2018.1492616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Pirayesh
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Salami-Kalajahi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Faezeh Najafi
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
- Institute of Polymeric Materials, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
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10
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Su J. Thiol-Mediated Chemoselective Strategies for In Situ Formation of Hydrogels. Gels 2018; 4:E72. [PMID: 30674848 PMCID: PMC6209259 DOI: 10.3390/gels4030072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels are three-dimensional networks composed of hydrated polymer chains and have been a material of choice for many biomedical applications such as drug delivery, biosensing, and tissue engineering due to their unique biocompatibility, tunable physical characteristics, flexible methods of synthesis, and range of constituents. In many cases, methods for crosslinking polymer precursors to form hydrogels would benefit from being highly selective in order to avoid cross-reactivity with components of biological systems leading to adverse effects. Crosslinking reactions involving the thiol group (SH) offer unique opportunities to construct hydrogel materials of diverse properties under mild conditions. This article reviews and comments on thiol-mediated chemoselective and biocompatible strategies for crosslinking natural and synthetic macromolecules to form injectable hydrogels for applications in drug delivery and cell encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Su
- Department of Chemistry, Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, IL 60625, USA.
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11
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Huynh CT, Liu F, Cheng Y, Coughlin KA, Alsberg E. Thiol-Epoxy "Click" Chemistry to Engineer Cytocompatible PEG-Based Hydrogel for siRNA-Mediated Osteogenesis of hMSCs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:25936-25942. [PMID: 29986132 PMCID: PMC6930143 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Thiol-epoxy "click" chemistry is employed for the first time to engineer a new cytocompatible PEG-based hydrogel system in aqueous media with the ability to encapsulate human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and control their fate for tissue regeneration. Cells were easily encapsulated into the hydrogels and exhibited high cell viability over 4 weeks of culture regardless of the presence of siRNA, complexed with polyethylenimine (PEI) in the form of siRNA/PEI nanocomplexes, indicating the biocompatibility of the developed hydrogel. Loading pro-osteogenic siNoggin in the hydrogel significantly enhanced the osteogenesis of encapsulated hMSCs, demonstrating the potential application of this system in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Truc Huynh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Fangze Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Yuxuan Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Katherine A. Coughlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Eben Alsberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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12
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Zhang C, Ying Z, Luo Q, Du H, Wang Y, Zhang K, Yan S, Li X, Shen Z, Zhu W. Poly(hexamethylene guanidine)-based hydrogels with long lasting antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Ying
- Department of Orthopedics; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; #88 Jie Fang Road Hangzhou 310009 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojie Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
- The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; #88 Jie Fang Road Hangzhou 310009 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou 310027 China
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13
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Gao L, Chen Y, Luo Q, Wang Y, Li X, Shen Z, Zhu W. Injectable camptothecin conjugated hydrogels with simultaneous drug release and degradation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra20691c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel injectable camptothecin conjugated hydrogels with simultaneous drug release and degradation properties were prepared, which show significant cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells, and could be a potential candidate for intratumor drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Qiaojie Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
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