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Kiker MT, Uddin A, Stevens LM, O'Dea CJ, Mason KS, Page ZA. Onium Photocages for Visible-Light-Activated Poly(thiourethane) Synthesis and 3D Printing. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:19704-19709. [PMID: 38981090 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c07220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The lack of chemical diversity in light-driven reactions for 3D printing poses challenges in the production of structures with long-term ambient stability, recyclability, and breadth in properties (mechanical, optical, etc.). Herein we expand the scope of photochemistries compatible with 3D printing by introducing onium photocages for the rapid formation of poly(thiourethanes) (PTUs). Efficient nonsensitized visible-light photolysis releases organophosphine and -amine derivatives that catalyze thiol-isocyanate polyaddition reactions with excellent temporal control. Two resin formulations comprising commercial isocyanates and thiols were developed for digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing to showcase the fast production of high-resolution PTU objects with disparate mechanical properties. Onium photocages represent valuable tools to advance light-driven manufacturing of next-generation high-performance sustainable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan T Kiker
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Ain Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Lynn M Stevens
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Connor J O'Dea
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Keldy S Mason
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Zachariah A Page
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Valle M, Ximenis M, Lopez de Pariza X, Chan JMW, Sardon H. Spotting Trends in Organocatalyzed and Other Organomediated (De)polymerizations and Polymer Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202203043. [PMID: 35700152 PMCID: PMC9545893 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202203043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Organocatalysis has evolved into an effective complement to metal‐ or enzyme‐based catalysis in polymerization, polymer functionalization, and depolymerization. The ease of removal and greater sustainability of organocatalysts relative to transition‐metal‐based ones has spurred development in specialty applications, e.g., medical devices, drug delivery, optoelectronics. Despite this, the use of organocatalysis and other organomediated reactions in polymer chemistry is still rapidly developing, and we envisage their rapidly growing application in nascent areas such as controlled radical polymerization, additive manufacturing, and chemical recycling in the coming years. In this Review, we describe ten trending areas where we anticipate paradigm shifts resulting from novel organocatalysts and other transition‐metal‐free conditions. We highlight opportunities and challenges and detail how new discoveries could lead to previously inaccessible functional materials and a potentially circular plastics economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Valle
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Marta Ximenis
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
- University of the Balearic Islands UIB Department of Chemistry Cra. Valldemossa, Km 7.5 07122 Palma de Mallorca Spain
| | - Xabier Lopez de Pariza
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Julian M. W. Chan
- Institute of Sustainability for Chemicals Energy and Environment (ISCE2) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 1 Pesek Road, Jurong Island Singapore 627833 Singapore
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMAT University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU Jose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
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Sardon H, Valle M, Lopez de Pariza X, Ximenis M, Chan JM. Spotting Trends in Organocatalyzed and Other Organomediated (De)polymerizations and Polymer Functionalizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202203043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haritz Sardon
- University of Basque Country POLYMAT Paseo Manuel Lardizabal n 3 20018 San Sebastian SPAIN
| | - María Valle
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco POLYMAT SPAIN
| | | | - Marta Ximenis
- University of the Basque Country: Universidad del Pais Vasco POLYMAT SPAIN
| | - Julian M.W. Chan
- Agency for Science Technology and Research Institue of Chemical and Engineering Science SINGAPORE
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Konuray O, Fernández-Francos X, De la Flor S, Ramis X, Serra À. The Use of Click-Type Reactions in the Preparation of Thermosets. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1084. [PMID: 32397509 PMCID: PMC7285069 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Click chemistry has emerged as an effective polymerization method to obtain thermosets with enhanced properties for advanced applications. In this article, commonly used click reactions have been reviewed, highlighting their advantages in obtaining homogeneous polymer networks. The basic concepts necessary to understand network formation via click reactions, together with their main characteristics, are explained comprehensively. Some of the advanced applications of thermosets obtained by this methodology are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osman Konuray
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Xavier Fernández-Francos
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Silvia De la Flor
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Av. Països Catalans 26, 43007 Tarragona, Spain;
| | - Xavier Ramis
- Thermodynamics Laboratory, ETSEIB Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (O.K.); (X.F.-F.); (X.R.)
| | - Àngels Serra
- Department of Analytical and Organic Chemistry, University Rovira i Virgili, c/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Arslan M, Pulido BA, Nunes SP, Yagci Y. Functionalization of Poly(oxindole biphenylylene) membranes by photoinduced thiol-yne click chemistry. J Memb Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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6
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Trinh TKH, Morlet-Savary F, Pinaud J, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Reibel C, Joyeux C, Le Nouen D, Métivier R, Brosseau A, Héroguez V, Chemtob A. Photoreduction of triplet thioxanthone derivative by azolium tetraphenylborate: a way to photogenerate N-heterocyclic carbenes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:17036-17046. [PMID: 31355381 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03098k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have brought profound changes in catalytic organic synthesis, their generation generally requires an inert atmosphere and harsh conditions. To overcome these limitations, an air-stable NHC photogenerator has been developed involving two mild components: 1,3-bis(mesityl)imidazolium tetraphenylborate (IMesH+BPh4-) and electronically excited isopropylthioxanthone (ITX). In this study, the photochemical mechanism is investigated via the accurate identification of the transient species and photoproducts. Electron transfer reaction between the excited triplet state of ITX and BPh4- is demonstrated as being the primary photochemical step. Nanosecond laser spectroscopy shows an efficient quenching and the formation of the expected ITX radical anion. The oxidized borane species is not observed, suggesting that this short-lived species could dissociate very rapidly to give the phenyl radical - successfully identified using electron paramagnetic resonance - and triphenylborane. As regards the final photoproducts, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies support the formation of the targeted NHC, 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IMes), suggesting the occurrence of a subsequent proton transfer reaction between ITX radical anion and imidazolium cation (IMesH+). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry reveals three other products: biphenyl, isopropylthioxanthene and ITX. Their formation can be reconciled with a 2-step mechanism of photoinduced electron/proton transfer reactions. 11B NMR spectroscopy demonstrates that the main organoboron photoproduct is diphenylborinic acid formed by oxidation of BPh3. Due to its Lewis acidity, Ph2BOH can react with IMes to yield an NHC-boron adduct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Kim Hoang Trinh
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France. and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Fabrice Morlet-Savary
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France. and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julien Pinaud
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Corine Reibel
- ICGM, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Joyeux
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications, LIMA, Université de Haute-Alsace, France
| | - Didier Le Nouen
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Moléculaire et Applications, LIMA, Université de Haute-Alsace, France
| | - Rémi Métivier
- Laboratoire PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Arnaud Brosseau
- Laboratoire PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 94235, Cachan, France
| | - Valérie Héroguez
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Abraham Chemtob
- Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, IS2M UMR 7361 CNRS, Université de Haute-Alsace, Mulhouse, France. and Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Konuray O, García A, Morancho JM, Fernández-Francos X, Serra À, Ferrando F, García-Alvarez M, Ramis X. Hard epoxy thermosets obtained via two sequential epoxy-amine condensations. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Zivic N, Kuroishi PK, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Dove AP, Sardon H. Recent Advances and Challenges in the Design of Organic Photoacid and Photobase Generators for Polymerizations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10410-10422. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zivic
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUJose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
| | - Paula K. Kuroishi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL UK
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273 13397 Marseille France
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273 13397 Marseille France
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUJose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spain
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Zivic N, Kuroishi PK, Dumur F, Gigmes D, Dove AP, Sardon H. Organische Photosäuren‐ und Photobasenbildner für Polymerisationen: Jüngste Fortschritte und Herausforderungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Zivic
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUJose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spanien
| | - Paula K. Kuroishi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Coventry CV4 7AL Großbritannien
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT Großbritannien
| | - Frédéric Dumur
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273 13397 Marseille Frankreich
| | - Didier Gigmes
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR UMR7273 13397 Marseille Frankreich
| | - Andrew P. Dove
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham, Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT Großbritannien
| | - Haritz Sardon
- POLYMATUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHUJose Mari Korta Center Avda Tolosa 72 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian Spanien
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Li Z, Shen W, Liu X, Liu R. Efficient unimolecular photoinitiators for simultaneous hybrid thiol–yne–epoxy photopolymerization under visible LED light irradiation. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several unimolecular photoinitiators, which generate free radicals and super bases in one step under visible LED light irradiation, can efficiently induce simultaneous hybrid thiol–yne–epoxy photopolymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Weizhen Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
| | - Ren Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Food Colloids and Biotechnology
- Ministry of Education
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi
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