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Noda N, Yamaoka S, Ogi U, Horie M, Okano K, Mori A. A Ni 0(cod)(dq) (COD: 1,5-cycloctadiene; DQ: duroquinone) complex as a catalyst precursor for oligothiophene and polythiophene synthesis. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:2574-2579. [PMID: 38482726 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00210e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Nickel-catalyzed syntheses of oligothiophene and polythiophene were carried out with Ni(cod)(dq) (COD: 1,5-cycloctadiene; DQ: duroquinone) as a catalyst precursor. Studies on the ligand exchange of Ni(cod)(dq) revealed that a high temperature was necessary to replace COD and DQ with PPh3 and N-heterocyclic carbene IPr. A coupling reaction of a metalated 3-hexylthiophene with 2-chloro-3-hexylthiophene employing Ni(cod)(dq) with IPr proceeded with a remarkably reduced amount of homocoupling byproduct. Polymerization of 2-chloro-3-hexylthiophene with Ni(cod)(dq)/DPPP also resulted in the reduction of the regioregularity defect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Noda
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Seiha Yamaoka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Ukyo Ogi
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Masaki Horie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Kentaro Okano
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Mori
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan.
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Mori A, Inoue T, Kuwayama A, Okano K, Horie M. Generation of sodium–thiophene species with metal amide‐free approach toward polythiophene synthesis by cross‐coupling polymerization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202200253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsunori Mori
- Kobe University: Kobe Daigaku Department of Chemical Science and Engineering 1-1 RokkodaiNada 657-8501 Kobe JAPAN
| | - Tomoki Inoue
- Kobe University: Kobe Daigaku Chemical Science and Engineering JAPAN
| | - Aika Kuwayama
- Kobe University: Kobe Daigaku Chemical Science and Engineering JAPAN
| | | | - Masaki Horie
- National Tsing-Hua University: National Tsing Hua University Chemical Engineering JAPAN
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Park H, Lee J, Hwang SH, Kim D, Hong SH, Choi TL. Modulating the Rate of Controlled Suzuki–Miyaura Catalyst-Transfer Polymerization by Boronate Tuning. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Lee J, Park H, Hwang SH, Lee IH, Choi TL. RuPhos Pd Precatalyst and MIDA Boronate as an Effective Combination for the Precision Synthesis of Poly(3-hexylthiophene): Systematic Investigation of the Effects of Boronates, Halides, and Ligands. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Park
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Hyeok Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hwan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ajou University, Suwon16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Lim Choi
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Ye S, Foster SM, Pollit AA, Cheng S, Seferos DS. The role of halogens in the catalyst transfer polycondensation for π-conjugated polymers. Chem Sci 2018; 10:2075-2080. [PMID: 30842865 PMCID: PMC6375363 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04808h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Catalyst transfer polycondensation is the only method to prepare π-conjugated polymers in a chain-growth manner, yet several aspects that underlie this polymerization are not fully understood. Here, we investigate the nickel-catalyzed polymerization mechanisms of a series of thiophene monomers bearing different halogen functionalities (Cl, Br, I). We have discovered the significant role that halogens and magnesium salts play in this polymerization. More specifically, the catalyst resting state changes depending on the type of halogenated monomer. For chlorinated monomers a mixture of Ni(ii)-dithienyl and dissociated Ni(phosphine) complexes are the resting states, which results in uncontrolled polymerization. For brominated monomers, a Ni(ii)-dithienyl complex is the resting state, which leads to controlled polymerization. For iodinated monomers, a Ni(ii)-thienyl iodide complex is the resting state, and notable inhibition by magnesium salt by-products is observed. The catalyst resting state changes to a Ni(ii)-dithienyl complex when a turbo Grignard reagent (i-PrMgCl·LiCl) is used. These findings are used to guide the design of a new monomer, 2-bromo-3-(2-ethylhexyl)-5-iodotellurophene, which enables the first controlled polymerization of a tellurophene monomer containing a sterically encumbered 2-ethylhexyl side chain. These insights are crucial for deepening the mechanistic understanding of Kumada cross coupling reactions and the controlled synthesis of π-conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang Ye
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Scott M Foster
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Adam A Pollit
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Susan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada .
| | - Dwight S Seferos
- Department of Chemistry , University of Toronto , 80 St. George St. , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3H6 , Canada . .,Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , 200 College Street , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3E5 , Canada
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Hardeman T, Koeckelberghs G. Synthesis of conjugated copolymers by combining different coupling reactions. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00624a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Different coupling reactions are combined in the same copolymerization to tune the structure of the resulting conjugated copolymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Hardeman
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- KU Leuven
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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Verheyen L, Timmermans B, Koeckelberghs G. The influence of branching on the Kumada catalyst transfer condensative polymerization of 3-alkylthiophenes. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py00255f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The influence of branching of the substituent in polythiophenes on the rate and the livingness of the polymerization is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Verheyen
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
| | - B. Timmermans
- Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
- B-3001 Heverlee
- Belgium
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