1
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Peng C, Luo T, Wu Z, Li S. Investigation on the Curing and Thermal Properties of Epoxy/Amine/Phthalonitrile Blend. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:4411. [PMID: 39274800 PMCID: PMC11395949 DOI: 10.3390/ma17174411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024]
Abstract
The bisphenol A-type phthalonitrile (BAPH) was blended with the classic epoxy system E51/DDS to prepare the epoxy/phthalonitrile thermoset. The curing kinetics were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) using the isoconversional principle, and the average activation energy (Eα) of the E51/DDS curing reaction was found to decrease from 87 kJ/mol to 68.6 kJ/mol. Combining the results of the rheological study, the promoting effect of phthalonitrile on the crosslink of epoxy/amine is confirmed. The curing reaction of the blended resin was characterized using FTIR, and the results showed that BAPH could react with DDS. The thermal behaviors of the thermosets were investigated via DMA and TGA. The glass transition temperature (Tg) is found to increase from 181 °C to 195 °C. The char yield increases from 16% to 59.6% at 800 °C in a N2 atmosphere, which is higher than the calculated value based on the proportional principle. The AFM phase images show that there is no phase separation in the cured thermoset. The results imply that the cured epoxy/amine/phthalonitrile blend is probably a kind of copolymer. The real-time TG-MS indicated that the pyrolysis of the thermoset can be divided into two relatively independent stages, which can be assigned to the cleavage of the E51/DDS network, and the phthalocyanine/triazine/isoindoline, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Peng
- College of Fiber Engineering and Equipment Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214401, China
| | - Tao Luo
- College of Fiber Engineering and Equipment Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214401, China
- College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhanjun Wu
- College of Fiber Engineering and Equipment Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214401, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shichao Li
- College of Fiber Engineering and Equipment Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214401, China
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2
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Zhang S, Wu M, Rong J, Zhang X, Han W, Zhao T, Chen X, Naito K, Yu X, Zhang Q. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrimidine‐Based Novel Phthalonitrile Resins with Excellent Processing Performance and High Glass Transition Temperature. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Jianxin Rong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Xinyang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Wenshuang Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Xinggang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan 063210 China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Hybrid Materials Unit, Composite Materials Group 1-2-1 Sengen Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300401 China
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3
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Yin W, Sang X, Dong J, Chen Z, Chen X. Preparation of phthalonitrile resins containing siloxane linkages with improved processability. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083231162521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
To improve the processability of biphenyl phthalonitrile resin, a flexible siloxane structure was introduced into the phthalonitrile monomer through molecular design, which was then blended with a biphenyl monomer to prepare phthalonitrile alloy resins. When the ratio of phthalonitrile monomer containing flexible siloxane to biphenyl phthalonitrile monomer was 1:1, the processing window widened from 58 to 110°C, as compared to that of biphenyl phthalonitrile. Due to the introduction of the biphenyl structure into the phthalonitrile alloy resins, the initial decomposition temperature of the silicon-containing phthalonitrile resin increased from 385 to 516°C. More importantly, the phthalonitrile alloy resin exhibited a high bending strength (66 MPa) and bending modulus (3762 MPa), indicating that it could be potentially applied as high temperature structural composite matrices. Furthermore, it provides a new strategy for processing phthalonitrile resins with a high melting point and narrow processing window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihao Yin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiaoming Sang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Jinghui Dong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xinggang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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4
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Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang S, Wu M, Rong J, Han W, Zhao T, Yu X, Zhang Q. Self-catalytic phthalonitrile polymer with improved processing performance and long-term thermal stability. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083231156818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Phthalonitrile monomer with alkyl, pyrimidine, and amino is successfully prepared by nucleophilic substitution. The monomer is cured by autocatalysis of active hydrogen in the amino group, in order to obtain polymers through different temperature procedures. The low melting point (96°C) and curing kinetics of the monomer are analyzed by DSC, which manifest a processing window of 163°C. With lower energy barriers to overcome, the apparent activation energy ( E a) is 59.6 kJ mol−1 after fitting and calculating, signifying that the monomers are easier to process into polymers. This study focuses on the usefulness of the polymer, especially the long-term thermal stability by the comparison of numerous commonly used polymers. The consequence demonstrates that the polymer could be used for long periods at 300°C, keeping weight loss within 5 wt.% for 6 h. The advantage of long-term usage at high temperatures has not been proved in previous works on phthalonitrile polymer. Moreover, the thermal and thermal-mechanical stability are examined through TGA and DMA. The results indicate preferable thermal properties, that the glass transition temperature is up to 400°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyang Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxin Rong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenshuang Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Zhao
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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5
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Synthesis of Pyridine Heterocyclic Low-Melting-Point Phthalonitrile Monomer and the Effects of Different Curing Agents on Resin Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214700. [DOI: 10.3390/polym14214700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A phthalonitrile monomer (DPTP) containing pyridine with sulfide bonds was prepared and cured into polymers using different curing agents under the same temperature-programmed process. We characterized and comprehensively evaluated the effects of different curing agents on the thermal and thermomechanical properties of phthalonitrile resin, showing that the DPTP monomer cured with naphthalene-containing curing agent exhibited the best performance among the three polymers. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) investigation manifested that the melting point of the DPTP monomer was 61 °C, with a processing window of about 170 °C, suggesting the presence of a wide processing range. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated the outstanding heat resistance, T5%, of 460 °C in nitrogen, at the same time demonstrating superior long-term stability compared with other commonly used polymer materials, which proves the long-term usage under high temperatures of 300 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed that the storage modulus at 50 °C was 3315 MPa, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the polymer was more than 350 °C. Therefore, DPTP resins have favorable thermal stability as well as prominent thermomechanical properties.
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6
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A new bio-based thermosetting with amorphous state, sub-zero softening point and high curing efficiency. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Wang T, Wang Z, Dayo AQ, Shi C, Liu H, Pan Z, Gorar AAK, Wang J, Zhou H, Liu W. Synthesis and properties of a novel autocatalytic phthalonitrile monomer and its copolymerization with multi‐functional fluorene‐based benzoxazine monomers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Zi‐long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Dayo
- Department of Chemical Engineering Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences Quetta Pakistan
| | - Cheng‐yu Shi
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Hui‐bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Zhong‐cheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Athar Ali Khan Gorar
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Quaid‐e‐Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology Larkana Pakistan
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High‐Tech Polymer Materials Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wen‐bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Material and Surface Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Harbin Engineering University Harbin China
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8
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Li J, Wu M, Rong J, Zhang Q, Yu X, Zhang Q. Synthesis and Properties of Phthalonitrile Polymer with a Novel Piperazine Structural Curing Agent. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202104467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Jianxin Rong
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
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9
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10
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Ning Y, Li D, Wang M, Jiang L. Bio‐resourced eugenol derived phthalonitrile resin for high temperature composite. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ning
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Dian‐sen Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Ming‐cun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bio‐Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing China
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11
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Shi X, Bai S, Ji P, Naito K, Yu X, Zhang Q. A Phthalonitrile Resin with a Low Melting Point and High Storage Modulus Containing High‐Density Aromatic Ether Bonds. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Shi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Shengnan Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Puguang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Hybrid Materials Center National Institute for Materials Science Tsukuba 305-0047 Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology Hebei University of Technology Tianjin 300130 China
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12
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Hu J, Yang W, Tan W, Liang B, Xiao H, Li R, Lv J, Zeng K, Yang G. A novel development route for cyano-based high performance thermosetting resins via the strategy of functional group design-dicyanoimidazole resins. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Hu J, Hu Y, Deng SF, Zhou JL, Jiang N, Zhu Y, Sun M. Synthesis and properties of a novel silicon-containing phthalonitrile resin and its quartz-fiber-reinforced composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320924090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel silicon-containing phthalonitrile monomer named bis(4-(4′-(4′-phenoxy)phenyl)phenyl)dimethylsilane phthalonitrile (SiBPPN) was successfully designed and synthesized. The chemical structure was characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses, and its molecular weight was determined by mass spectrometry. Its melting point is lower than that of 4,4′-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)biphenyl (BPPN), which has no silicon atom, and its solubility is also much better than that of BPPN. The curing behavior of SiBPPN was studied by differential scanning calorimetry and FTIR analyses in detail. The thermal and thermomechanical properties of the polymer and laminate were studied by thermogravimetric analysis and dynamic mechanical analysis. The results show that the cured SiBPPN (c-SiBPPN) possesses excellent thermal and mechanical properties. Under nitrogen atmosphere, its residual weight ratio at 800°C is 81.5% and the 5% thermal degradation temperature is 546°C. In addition, quartz-fiber (QF)-reinforced c-SiBPPN composites exhibit mechanical properties superior to those of QF-reinforced cured BPPN composites. The interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composite are 30.44 and 389 MPa at room temperature, and the interlaminar shear strength and bending strength of the composite are 22.25 and 339 MPa at 300°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Hu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Hu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi Feng Deng
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Specially Functional Polymeric Materials and Related Technology (Ministry of Education), School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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14
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Zu Y, Zhang F, Chen D, Zong L, Wang J, Jian X. Wave-transparent composites based on phthalonitrile resins with commendable thermal properties and dielectric performance. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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15
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Chen X, Wang Y, Chen Z, Zhang L, Sang X, Cai Y. In situ preparation and properties of phthalonitrile resin/hexagonal boron nitride composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008320922593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Phthalonitrile resin/exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride ( h-BN) composites with high thermal conductivity were fabricated using a novel approach. The route included two steps, micro- h-BN was coated and dispersed by phthalonitrile monomers via the function of heterogeneous nucleation, and then micro- h-BN was exfoliated by heat release during the phthalonitrile curing process. The composites achieved a high thermal conductivity of 0.736W (m·K)−1 containing 20 wt% micro- h-BN, which is 3.17 times higher than that of pure phthalonitrile resin at 0.232W (m·K)−1. Compared to traditional routes, the novel preparation approach requires less BN fillers when improving the same thermal conductivity. Importantly, other thermosetting polymers can also encapsulate BN through this strategy, which paves a new way for preparing thermally conductive thermosetting polymer–matrix composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinggang Chen
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, Industry Institute of Advanced Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yafeng Wang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, Industry Institute of Advanced Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, Industry Institute of Advanced Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Lifang Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, Industry Institute of Advanced Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoming Sang
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, Industry Institute of Advanced Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
| | - Yanqing Cai
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, Industry Institute of Advanced Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Tangshan Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, China
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16
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Wu M, Xu J, Bai S, Chen X, Yu X, Naito K, Zhang Z, Zhang Q. A high-performance functional phthalonitrile resin with a low melting point and a low dielectric constant. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:1888-1896. [PMID: 31994579 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02328c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A monomer of fluorinated phthalonitrile, namely 4,4'-bis(p-perfluoro-phenol-(bis(p-phenol)propane-2,2-diyl)-p-oxy-diphthalonitrile) (PBDP), was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution reaction of bisphenol A, decafluorobiphenyl and 4-nitrophthalonitrile. The structure of the monomer was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results indicated that the PBDP monomer was synthesized successfully. The monomer was cured in the presence of 4-(aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile (APPH) and the curing behaviour was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), suggesting a low melting point of 96 °C and an excellent processing window (96-262 °C). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that the fluorinated phthalonitrile resin possessed outstanding thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities as well as good mechanical properties. The glass transition temperature was >400 °C and the 5% thermal degradation temperature was 501 °C. When the frequency was 50 MHz, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the polymer were 2.84 and 0.007, respectively. The PBDP resin has ultra-low water absorption of 0.77% and 1.4%, when exposed to an aqueous environment for 50 days at 24 °C and for 24 h at 100 °C, respectively. The prepared PBDP resin with outstanding thermal stability and low dielectric constant is an ideal candidate for aerospace industries, and microelectronic and other electronic packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Shengnan Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Xinggang Chen
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China.
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
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17
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Bai S, Sun X, Zhang Z, Chen X, Yu X, Zhang Q. Synthesis and Properties of A Low Melting Point Phthalonitrile Resin Containing High Density Nitrile Groups. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201903930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Bai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Dingzigu Street Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Xinyu Sun
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Dingzigu Street Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their CompositesLudong University Hongqi Srteet Yantai 264025 China
| | - Xinggang Chen
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringNorth China University of Technology Xinhua Street Tangshan 063210 China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Dingzigu Street Tianjin 300130 China
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Functional Polymers, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Dingzigu Street Tianjin 300130 China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control TechnologyHebei University of Technology Dingzigu Street Tianjin 300130 China
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18
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Cetina-Mancilla E, Olvera LI, Balmaseda J, Forster M, Ruiz-Treviño FA, Cárdenas J, Vivaldo-Lima E, Zolotukhin MG. Well-defined, linear, wholly aromatic polymers with controlled content and position of pyridine moieties in macromolecules from one-pot, room temperature, metal-free step-polymerizations. Polym Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0py00946f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of processable, aromatic pyridine-containing polymers has always been a great challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoc Cetina-Mancilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Lilian I. Olvera
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Jorge Balmaseda
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute for Polymer Technology
- Bergische Wuppertal University
- D-42097 Wuppertal
- Germany
| | - F. Alberto Ruiz-Treviño
- Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias Químicas
- Universidad Iberoamericana
- 01219 Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Jorge Cárdenas
- Instituto de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
| | - Eduardo Vivaldo-Lima
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Mikhail G. Zolotukhin
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Apartado Postal 70-360
- Ciudad Universitaria
- 04510 Ciudad de México
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19
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Yang K, Chen X, Zhang Z, Yu X, Naito K, Zhang Q. Introducing rigid pyrimidine ring to improve the mechanical properties and thermal‐oxidative stabilities of phthalonitrile resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaixiong Yang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Xinggang Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their CompositesLudong University Yantai China
- School of Chemistry and Materials ScienceLudong University Yantai China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Hybrid Materials UnitNational Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) Tsukuba Japan
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control TechnologyHebei University of Technology Tianjin China
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20
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Zu Y, Zong L, Wang J, Jian X. Enhanced thermal property via tunable bisphenol moieties in branched phthalonitrile thermoset. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Liu Y, Liu Z, Peng W, Lu Z, Hu J, Zeng K, Yang G. Copolymerization modification: improving the processability and thermal properties of phthalonitrile resins with novel comonomers. POLYM INT 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zheng‐zhou Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Wei‐feng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Zheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Jiang‐huai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Ke Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Gang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan University Chengdu China
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22
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Liu Y, Ji P, Zhang Z, Yu X, Naito K, Zhang Q. Synthesis and properties of pyrazine-based oligomeric phthalonitrile resins. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318823894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pyrazine-based oligomeric phthalonitrile (PN) monomer, 2,6-bis[3-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenoxy]pyrazine (BCPP), was synthesized from the reaction of an excess amount of resorcinol with 2,6-dichloropyrazine in the presence of potassium carbonate, followed by end-capping with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in a two-step, one-pot reaction. 4-(Aminophenoxy)phthalonitrile was applied to promote the curing reaction. The curing behavior was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and rheological behavior, showing a wide processing window of 94°C, a complex viscosity of less than 1.5 Pa·s and a lower reaction activation energy of 32.57 kJ mol−1. The structure of the BCPP monomer was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The unit cell was determined to be tetragonal system by wide-angle X-ray diffraction. The monomer was cured to yield cross-linked polymers, which exhibited a high initial storage modulus, excellent glass transition temperature, outstanding thermal stability, and low water uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Puguang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Qingxin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Materials Laminating Fabrication and Interface Control Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-Scale Boron Nitride Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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23
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Wang H, Zhang Z, Ji P, Yu X, Naito K, Zhang Q. Synthesis and properties of a novel high-temperature vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008318801911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A novel vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile monomer, 2,6-bis[3-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)styryl]pyridine (BDSP), was resoundingly produced by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of 2,6-bis(3-hydroxystyryl)pyridine with 4-nitrophthalonitrile in the presence of potassium carbonate. The chemical structure of the synthesized BDSP was confirmed by proton (1H) and carbon (12C) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as well as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The curing behavior of BDSP was investigated by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses. The resin showed a low complex viscosity in the wide processing window between the monomer melting temperature and the curing temperature of the polymer, as discovered by rheological analysis. In addition, the properties of the polymer were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Based on the test results, the BDSP polymer demonstrated superior processing performance, excellent thermal stability, outstanding mechanical properties, and low water uptake, and these advanced performance characteristics are critical to many fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province for High Performance Fibers and Their Composites, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Puguang Ji
- Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Hybrid Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-scale Boron Nitride Materials, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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24
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Wang H, Wang J, Guo H, Chen X, Yu X, Ma Y, Ji P, Naito K, Zhang Z, Zhang Q. A novel high temperature vinylpyridine-based phthalonitrile polymer with a low melting point and good mechanical properties. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01990d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This article is the first report on a phthalonitrile monomer containing vinyls in the main chain.
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25
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Zu Y, Li G, Zong L, Qiao L, Wang J, Jian X. Branched phenyl-s-triazine moieties to enhance thermal properties of phthalonitrile thermosets. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zu
- Polymer Science and Materials, Chemical Engineering College; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Guiyang Li
- Aerospace Research Institute of Materials and Processing Technology; Beijing China
| | - Lishuai Zong
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Liyuan Qiao
- Polymer Science and Materials, Chemical Engineering College; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Jinyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian China
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26
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Wang J, Chen C, Chen X, Wang H, Yu X, Ma Y, Naito K, Zhang Q. Synthesis and properties of a novel naphthyl-containing self-promoted phthalonitrile polymer. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0954008317739963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel naphthyl-based self-promoted phthalonitrile monomer, 4-(8-amino-2-naphthyloxy)phthalonitrile (8-ANP), was successfully synthesized via nucleophilic substitution reaction through a one-pot reaction, and it exhibited desirable processing feature with a wide process window (temperature between the melting point and the cure temperature) and low complex viscosity. The activation energy ( Ea) value of the self-promoted curing reaction was ascertained using integral isoconversional Starink method. Even without post cure at high temperature for a long time, the properties of 8-ANP polymers were still outstanding, which exhibited high glass transition temperatures, high storage modulus, low average coefficient of thermal expansion, and excellent thermal and thermo-oxidative stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinggang Chen
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Haifeng Wang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yu
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanhui Ma
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
| | - Kimiyoshi Naito
- Hybrid Materials Center, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Qingxin Zhang
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
- Key Lab for Micro- and Nano-scale Boron Nitride Materials in Hebei Province, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
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27
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Allyl phenolic-phthalonitrile resins with tunable properties: Curing, processability and thermal stability. Eur Polym J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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28
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Phthalonitrile-functionalized poly(ether imide) oligomers derived from phthalazinone-containing dianhydride: facile synthesis, curing and properties. Polym Bull (Berl) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-017-2070-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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