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Xie S, Li Y, Chai Y, Chen Q, North M, Xie H. Introducing the Reversible Reaction of CO 2 with Diamines into Nonisocyanate Polyurethane Synthesis. ACS Macro Lett 2024; 13:14-20. [PMID: 38091470 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Nonisocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) are considered greener alternatives to traditional polyurethanes, and the preparation of NIPUs considerably depends on the design and synthesis of suitable monomers. Herein, we propose a toolbox for in situ capturing and conversion of CO2 into α,ω-diene-functionalized carbamate monomers by taking advantage of the facile reversible reaction of CO2 with diamines in the presence of organic superbases. The activation of CO2 into carbamate intermedia was demonstrated by NMR and in situ FTIR, and the optimal conditions to prepare α,ω-diene-functionalized carbamate monomers were established. Thiol-ene and acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization of these monomers under mild conditions yielded a series of poly(thioether urethane)s and unsaturated aromatic-aliphatic polyurethanes with high yield and glass transition temperatures ranging from -26.8 to -1.1 °C. These obtained NIPUs could be further modified via postpolymerization oxidation or hydrogenation to yield poly(sulfone urethane) and saturated polyurethane with tunable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibo Xie
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yunqi Li
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yang Chai
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
| | - Michael North
- Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Haibo Xie
- Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, Guiyang 550025, P.R. China
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2
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Khan A. Thiol-epoxy 'click' chemistry: a focus on molecular attributes in the context of polymer chemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11028-11044. [PMID: 37642518 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02555a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Base-catalyzed ring-opening reaction of epoxides with the thiol nucleophiles is useful in the preparation and post-polymerization modification of synthetic polymers. Due to its many beneficial characteristics, this process is referred to as the thiol-epoxy 'click' reaction. In this article, our aim is to discuss the fundamental attributes of this process by tracing our own steps in the field. We initially address the aspects of efficiency, regio-selectivity, stoichiometry, and reaction conditions with the help of linear, hyperbranched, graft, dendritic, and cross-linked poly(β-hydroxy thioether)s. A special emphasis is placed on hydrogel synthesis and photopolymerization on surfaces. Subsequently, quenching of the alkoxide anion is considered which is a critical step in the formation of the β-hydroxy thioether linkage upon completion of reaction. The amenability of further reaction on the hydroxy and thioether groups through esterification and sulfur alkylation is then discussed. Initially, post-gelation/fabrication modification of sulfide linkages is considered to obtain cationic sulfonium hydrogels and zwitterionic photopatterned networks with antibacterial and antibiofouling properties, respectively. A post-synthesis functionalization strategy is then described to access same centered and segregated main-chain poly(β-hydroxy sulfonium)s as potent antibacterial materials. In side-chain polysulfides, the sequential post-synthesis modifications involving poly(glycidyl methacrylate) scaffolds can lead to the formation of amphiphilic homopolymers. The application of such materials is discussed in the arena of siRNA delivery. Finally, concerns relating to the formation of disulfide defects and open research goals such as study of the orthogonality of the reaction are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anzar Khan
- Department of Molecules and Materials, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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3
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Kusmus DNM, van Veldhuisen TW, Khan A, Cornelissen JJLM, Paulusse JMJ. Uniquely sized nanogels via crosslinking polymerization. RSC Adv 2022; 12:29423-29432. [PMID: 36320766 PMCID: PMC9562763 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04123e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanogels are very promising carriers for nanomedicine, as they can be prepared in the favorable nanometer size regime, can be functionalized with targeting agents and are responsive to stimuli, i.e. temperature and pH. This induces shrinking or swelling, resulting in controlled release of a therapeutic cargo. Our interest lies in the controlled synthesis of functional nanogels, such as those containing epoxide moieties, that can be subsequently functionalized. Co-polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and a bifunctional methacrylate crosslinker under dilute conditions gives rise to well-defined epoxide-functional nanogels, of which the sizes are controlled by the degree of polymerization. Nanogels with well-defined sizes (polydispersity of 0.2) ranging from 38 nm to 95 nm were prepared by means of controlled radical polymerization. The nanogels were characterized in detail by FT-IR, DLS, size exclusion chromatography, NMR spectroscopy, AFM and TEM. Nucleophilic attack with functional thiols or amines on the least hindered carbon of the epoxide provides water-soluble nanogels, without altering the backbone structure, while reaction with sodium azide provides handles for further functionalization via click chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Disraëli N. M. Kusmus
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
| | - Thijs W. van Veldhuisen
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
| | - Anzar Khan
- Korea University145 Anam-ro, Anam-dongSeoulSeongbuk-guKorea
| | - Jeroen J. L. M. Cornelissen
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
| | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Department of Biomolecular Nanotechnology, University of TwenteDrienerlolaan 57522EnschedeNBNetherlands
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Zeng X, Chen Q, Zhao C, Xie S, Xie H, Huang C. Eugenol-derived organic liquids as an in situ CO2 capturing and conversion system for Eugenol-based polycarbonate synthesis. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200503. [PMID: 35971849 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The significant development of catalytic biomass conversion has provided a large library of chemicals ready for subsequent upgrading to polymerisable monomers for the design and preparation of sustainable polymers. In this study, hydroxyethylation of eugenol by using green ethylene carbonate as alkylation reagent and cheap tetrabutylammonium iodide ionic liquids as green solvents and catalysts produced 2-(4-allyl-2-methoxyphenoxy)ethan-1-ol with a 85% yield, which could be used to construct an in situ CO 2 capture and conversion system by taking the reversible chemistry of alcoholic compounds with CO 2 in the presence of superbases, on which α,ω-diene functionalized carbonate monomers were successfully prepared and were applied in thiol-ene click and acyclic diene metathesis polymerisation (ADMET), producing a series of poly(thioether carbonate)s and unsaturated aromatic aliphatic polycarbonates with moderate molecular weights and satisfactory thermal properties. The structures of the formed CO 2 reversible ILs, the polymerisable monomers and the corresponding polymers were fully characterized by various technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankui Zeng
- Guizhou University, Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, CHINA
| | - Qin Chen
- Guizhou University, Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, CHINA
| | - Changbo Zhao
- Guizhou University, Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, CHINA
| | - Sibo Xie
- Guizhou University, Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, CHINA
| | - Haibo Xie
- Guizhou University, Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, West Campus, Guizhou University, Huaxi District, 550025, Guiyang, CHINA
| | - Caijuan Huang
- Guizhou University, Department of Polymeric Materials & Engineering, College of Materials & Metallurgy, CHINA
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Stuparu MC, Khan A. Poly(ß-hydroxy thioether)s: synthesis through thiol-epoxy ‘click’ reaction and post-polymerization modification to main-chain polysulfonium salts. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2021.1984849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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King O, Constant E, Weems AC. Shape Memory Poly(β-hydroxythioether) Foams for Oil Remediation in Aquatic Environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:20641-20652. [PMID: 33872493 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shape memory poly(β-hydroxythioether) foams were produced using organobase catalyzed reactions between epoxide and thiol monomers, allowing for the rapid formation of porous media within approximately 5 min, confirmed using both rheology and physical foam blowing. The porous materials possess ultralow densities (0.022 g × cm-3) and gel fractions of approximately 93%. Thermomechanical characterizations of the materials revealed glass transition temperatures tunable from approximately 50 to 100 °C, elastic moduli of approximately 2 kPa, and complete strain recovery upon heating of the sample above its glass transition temperature. The foams were characterized for their ability to take up oil from an aqueous multilayered ideal environment, revealing more than 2000% mass of oil (relative to the foam mass) could be collected. Importantly, while post-fabrication functionalization was possible with isocyanate chemistry followed by addition of hexadecanethiol or 3,3-bis(hexadecylthio)propan-1-ol, the oil collection efficiency of the system was not significantly enhanced, indicating that these materials, as porous media, possess unique attributes that make them appealing for environmental remediation without the need for costly modifications or manipulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia King
- Biomedical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Eric Constant
- Biomedical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Andrew C Weems
- Biomedical Engineering, Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Translational Biosciences; Molecular and Chemical Biology; Orthopedic and Musculoskeletal Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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7
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Yeo H, Khan A. Photoinduced Proton-Transfer Polymerization: A Practical Synthetic Tool for Soft Lithography Applications. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3479-3488. [PMID: 32040308 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Proton-transfer photopolymerization through the thiol-epoxy "click" reaction is shown to be a versatile new method for the fabrication of micro- and nanosized polymeric patterns. In this approach, complexation of a guanidine base, diazabicycloundecene (DBU), with benzoylphenylpropionic acid (ketoprofen) generates a photolabile salt. Under illumination at a wavelength of 365 nm, the salt undergoes a photodecarboxylation reaction to release DBU as a base. The base-catalyzed ring opening reaction then creates cross-linked poly(β-hydroxyl thio-ether) patterns. The surface chemistry of these patterns can be altered through alkylation of the thio-ether linkages. For example, a reaction with bromoacetic acid produces a hitherto unknown sulfonium/carboxylate-based zwitterionic motif that endows antibiofouling capacity to the micropatterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunki Yeo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , 02841 Seoul , South Korea
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering , Korea University , 02841 Seoul , South Korea
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8
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Hong J, Oh J, Khan A. Deconstructing poloxamer and poloxamine block copolymers to access poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(propylene oxide)-based thermoresponsive polymers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2020.1724055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghui Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junki Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Oh J, Jung KI, Jung HW, Khan A. A Modular and Practical Synthesis of Zwitterionic Hydrogels through Sequential Amine-Epoxy "Click" Chemistry and N-Alkylation Reaction. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1491. [PMID: 31547408 PMCID: PMC6780745 DOI: 10.3390/polym11091491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the amine-epoxy "click" reaction is shown to be a valuable general tool in the synthesis of reactive hydrogels. The practicality of this reaction arises due to its catalyst-free nature, its operation in water, and commercial availability of a large variety of amine and epoxide molecules that can serve as hydrophilic network precursors. Therefore, hydrogels can be prepared in a modular fashion through a simple mixing of the precursors in water and used as produced (without requiring any post-synthesis purification step). The gelation behavior and final hydrogel properties depend upon the molecular weight of the precursors and can be changed as per the requirement. A post-synthesis modification through alkylation at the nitrogen atom of the newly formed β-hydroxyl amine linkages allows for functionalizing the hydrogels. For example, ring-opening reaction of cyclic sulfonic ester gives rise to surfaces with a zwitterionic character. Finally, the established gelation chemistry can be combined with soft lithography techniques such as micromolding in capillaries (MIMIC) to obtain hydrogel microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junki Oh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Kevin Injoe Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Hyun Wook Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
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10
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Discekici EH, Lee I, Ren JM, Bates MW, McGrath AJ, Alaniz JR, Laitar DS, Van Dyk AK, Kalantar TH, Hawker CJ. Aqueous reverse iodine transfer polymerization of acrylic acid. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emre H. Discekici
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - In‐Hwan Lee
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry Ajou University Suwon 16499 Korea
| | - Jing M. Ren
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Morgan W. Bates
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Alaina J. McGrath
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
| | - Javier Read Alaniz
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
| | | | - Antony K. Van Dyk
- Dow Coating Materials The Dow Chemical Company Collegeville Pennsylvania 19426
| | | | - Craig J. Hawker
- Materials Research Laboratory University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
- Materials Department University of California Santa Barbara California 93106
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11
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Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Synthetic Methodologies for Chelating Polymer Ligands: Recent Advances and Future Development. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201802516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gulzhian I. Dzhardimalieva
- Laboratory of MetallopolymersThe Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS Academician Semenov avenue 1, Chernogolovka, Moscow Region 142432 Russian Federation
| | - Igor E. Uflyand
- Department of ChemistrySouthern Federal University B. Sadovaya str. 105/42, Rostov-on-Don 344006 Russian Federation
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12
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Muzammil E, Khan A, Stuparu MC. Post-polymerization modification reactions of poly(glycidyl methacrylate)s. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11093f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Single and multiple post-polymerization modifications of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) scaffold through the nucleophilic ring-opening reactions of the pendent epoxide groups are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezzah M. Muzammil
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371-Singapore
| | - Anzar Khan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering
- Korea University
- Seoul 02841
- Korea
| | - Mihaiela C. Stuparu
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences
- Nanyang Technological University
- 637371-Singapore
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
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