1
|
Farias-Mancilla B, Balestri A, Zhang J, Frielinghaus H, Berti D, Montis C, Destarac M, Schubert US, Guerrero-Sanchez C, Harrisson S, Lonetti B. Morphology and thermal transitions of self-assembled NIPAM-DMA copolymers in aqueous media depend on copolymer composition profile. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 662:99-108. [PMID: 38340518 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS There is a lack of understanding of the interplay between the copolymer composition profile and thermal transition observed in aqueous solutions of N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) copolymers, as well as the correlation between this transition and the formation and structure of copolymer self-assemblies. EXPERIMENTS For this purpose, we investigated the response of five copolymers with the same molar mass and chemical composition, but with different composition profile in aqueous solution against temperature. Using complementary analytical techniques, we probed structural properties at different length scales, from the molecular scale with Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) to the colloidal scale with Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS). FINDINGS NMR and SANS investigations strengthen each other and allow a clear picture of the change of copolymer solubility and related copolymer self-assembly as a function of temperature. At the molecular scale, dehydrating NIPAM units drag N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMA) moieties with them in a gradual collapse of the copolymer chain; this induces a morphological transition of the self-assemblies from star-like nanostructures to crew-cut micelles. Interestingly, the transition spans a temperature range which depends on the monomer distribution profile in the copolymer chain, with the asymmetric triblock copolymer specimen revealing the broadest one. We show that the broad morphological transitions associated with gradient copolymers can be mimicked and even surpassed by the use of stepwise gradient (asymmetric) copolymers, which can be more easily and reproducibly synthesized than linear gradient copolymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Farias-Mancilla
- Laboratoire Softmat, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Arianna Balestri
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI, Florence, Italy
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Henrich Frielinghaus
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Center for Neutron Science at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum, Lichtenbergstrasse 1, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Debora Berti
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI, Florence, Italy
| | - Costanza Montis
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence and CSGI, Florence, Italy
| | - Mathias Destarac
- Laboratoire Softmat, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
| | - Simon Harrisson
- LCPO, CNRS/Bordeaux-INP/Université de Bordeaux, Pessac, France.
| | - Barbara Lonetti
- Laboratoire Softmat, Université de Toulouse, CNRS UMR 5623, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gavrilov AA, Potemkin II. Copolymers with Nonblocky Sequences as Novel Materials with Finely Tuned Properties. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1479-1489. [PMID: 36790352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
The copolymer sequence can be considered as a new tool to shape the resulting system properties on demand. This perspective is devoted to copolymers with "partially segregated" (or nonblocky) sequences. Such copolymers include gradient copolymers and copolymers with random sequences as well as copolymers with precisely controlled sequences. We overview recent developments in the synthesis of these systems as well as new findings regarding their properties, in particular, self-assembly in solutions and in melts. An emphasis is put on how the microscopic behavior of polymer chains is influenced by the chain sequences. In addition to that, a novel class of approaches allowing one to efficiently tackle the problem of copolymer chain sequence design─data driven methods (artificial intelligence and machine learning)─is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey A Gavrilov
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation.,Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Igor I Potemkin
- Physics Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma S, Hou Y, Hao J, Lin C, Zhao J, Sui X. Well-Defined Nanostructures by Block Copolymers and Mass Transport Applications in Energy Conversion. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14214568. [PMID: 36365562 PMCID: PMC9655174 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
With the speedy progress in the research of nanomaterials, self-assembly technology has captured the high-profile interest of researchers because of its simplicity and ease of spontaneous formation of a stable ordered aggregation system. The self-assembly of block copolymers can be precisely regulated at the nanoscale to overcome the physical limits of conventional processing techniques. This bottom-up assembly strategy is simple, easy to control, and associated with high density and high order, which is of great significance for mass transportation through membrane materials. In this review, to investigate the regulation of block copolymer self-assembly structures, we systematically explored the factors that affect the self-assembly nanostructure. After discussing the formation of nanostructures of diverse block copolymers, this review highlights block copolymer-based mass transport membranes, which play the role of “energy enhancers” in concentration cells, fuel cells, and rechargeable batteries. We firmly believe that the introduction of block copolymers can facilitate the novel energy conversion to an entirely new plateau, and the research can inform a new generation of block copolymers for more promotion and improvement in new energy applications.
Collapse
|
4
|
Prause A, Hechenbichler M, von Lospichl B, Feoktystov A, Schweins R, Mahmoudi N, Laschewsky A, Gradzielski M. Aggregation Behavior of Nonsymmetrically End-Capped Thermoresponsive Block Copolymers in Aqueous Solutions: Between Polymer Coils and Micellar States. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Prause
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michelle Hechenbichler
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benjamin von Lospichl
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Artem Feoktystov
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Ralf Schweins
- Institut Laue−Langevin, DS/LSS, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20 156, F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Facility, STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0QX, U.K
| | - André Laschewsky
- Department of Chemistry, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24−25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute of Applied Polymer Research IAP, Geiselbergstraße 69, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Gradzielski
- FG Physical Chemistry/Molecular Material Science, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Narumi A, Sato SI, Shen X, Kakuchi T. Precision synthesis for well-defined linear and/or architecturally controlled thermoresponsive poly(N-substituted acrylamide)s. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01449h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe the progress in precision polymerizations of specific kinds of N-alkylacrylamides and N,N-dialkylacrylamides to produce polymers showing thermoresponsive properties in aqueous media, which representatively include the reversible-deactivation radical polymerizations...
Collapse
|
6
|
RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Using a Poly(( N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)- co-( N-isopropyl acrylamide)) mCTA: Synthesis and Thermosensitivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 14:polym14010062. [PMID: 35012086 PMCID: PMC8747436 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermoresponsive poly((N,N-dimethyl acrylamide)-co-(N-isopropyl acrylamide)) (P(DMA-co-NIPAM)) copolymers were synthesized via reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The monomer reactivity ratios were determined by the Kelen–Tüdős method to be rNIPAM = 0.83 and rDMA = 1.10. The thermoresponsive properties of these copo-lymers with varying molecular weights were characterized by visual turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The copolymers showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water with a dependence on the molar fraction of DMA in the copolymer. Chaotropic and kosmotropic salt anions of the Hofmeister series, known to affect the LCST of thermoresponsive polymers, were used as additives in the aqueous copolymer solutions and their influence on the LCST was demonstrated. Further on, in order to investigate the thermoresponsive behavior of P(DMA-co-NIPAM) in a confined state, P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers were prepared via polymerization induced self-assembly (PISA) through surfactant-free RAFT mediated emulsion polymerization of styrene using P(DMA-co-NIPAM) as the macromolecular chain transfer agent (mCTA) of the polymerization. As confirmed by cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), this approach yielded stabilized spherical micelles in aqueous dispersions where the PS block formed the hydrophobic core and the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) block formed the hydrophilic corona of the spherical micelle. The temperature-dependent behavior of the LCST-type diblock copolymers was further studied by examining the collapse of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM) minor block of the P(DMA-co-NIPAM)-b-PS diblock copolymers as a function of temperature in aqueous solution. The nanospheres were found to be thermosensitive by changing their hydrodynamic radii almost linearly as a function of temperature between 25 °C and 45 °C. The addition of kosmotropic salt anions, as a potentially useful tuning feature of micellar assemblies, was found to increase the hydrodynamic radius of the micelles and resulted in a faster collapse of the micelle corona upon heating.
Collapse
|
7
|
Kravchenko VS, Abetz V, Potemkin II. Self-assembly of gradient copolymers in a selective solvent. New structures and comparison with diblock and statistical copolymers. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
8
|
Selianitis D, Pispas S. P(
MMA‐
co
‐HPMA
)‐
b
‐POEGMA
copolymers: synthesis, micelle formation in aqueous media and drug encapsulation. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Selianitis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| | - Stergios Pispas
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute National Hellenic Research Foundation Athens Greece
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Semsarilar M, Abetz V. Polymerizations by RAFT: Developments of the Technique and Its Application in the Synthesis of Tailored (Co)polymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202000311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mona Semsarilar
- Institut Européen des Membranes IEM (UMR5635) Université Montpellier CNRS ENSCM CC 047, Université Montpellie 2 place E. Bataillon Montpellier 34095 France
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie Grindelallee 117 Universität Hamburg Hamburg 20146 Germany
- Zentrum für Material‐und Küstenforschung GmbH Institut für Polymerforschung Max‐Planck‐Straße 1 Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Geesthacht 21502 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beránek P, Posocco P, Posel Z. Phase Behavior of Gradient Copolymer Melts with Different Gradient Strengths Revealed by Mesoscale Simulations. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2462. [PMID: 33114271 PMCID: PMC7690882 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Design and preparation of functional nanomaterials with specific properties requires precise control over their microscopic structure. A prototypical example is the self-assembly of diblock copolymers, which generate highly ordered structures controlled by three parameters: the chemical incompatibility between blocks, block size ratio and chain length. Recent advances in polymer synthesis have allowed for the preparation of gradient copolymers with controlled sequence chemistry, thus providing additional parameters to tailor their assembly. These are polydisperse monomer sequence, block size distribution and gradient strength. Here, we employ dissipative particle dynamics to describe the self-assembly of gradient copolymer melts with strong, intermediate, and weak gradient strength and compare their phase behavior to that of corresponding diblock copolymers. Gradient melts behave similarly when copolymers with a strong gradient are considered. Decreasing the gradient strength leads to the widening of the gyroid phase window, at the expense of cylindrical domains, and a remarkable extension of the lamellar phase. Finally, we show that weak gradient strength enhances chain packing in gyroid structures much more than in lamellar and cylindrical morphologies. Importantly, this work also provides a link between gradient copolymers morphology and parameters such as chemical incompatibility, chain length and monomer sequence as support for the rational design of these nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Beránek
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
| | - Paola Posocco
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Zbyšek Posel
- Department of Informatics, Faculty of Science, Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem, 40096 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic;
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Eckert T, Abetz V. Polymethacrylamide—An underrated and easily accessible upper critical solution temperature polymer: Green synthesis via photoiniferter reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization and analysis of solution behavior in water/ethanol mixtures. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20200566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tilman Eckert
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Institute of Polymer Research Geesthacht Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Helmholtz‐Zentrum Geesthacht Institute of Polymer Research Geesthacht Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Poly(N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide), a thermoresponsive non-ionic polymer combining the amide and the ethyleneglycolether motifs. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04701-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AbstractPoly(N,N-bis(2-methoxyethyl)acrylamide) (PbMOEAm) featuring two classical chemical motifs from non-ionic water-soluble polymers, namely, the amide and ethyleneglycolether moieties, was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This tertiary polyacrylamide is thermoresponsive exhibiting a lower critical solution temperature (LCST)–type phase transition. A series of homo- and block copolymers with varying molar masses but low dispersities and different end groups were prepared. Their thermoresponsive behavior in aqueous solution was analyzed via turbidimetry and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The cloud points (CP) increased with increasing molar masses, converging to 46 °C for 1 wt% solutions. This rise is attributed to the polymers’ hydrophobic end groups incorporated via the RAFT agents. When a surfactant-like strongly hydrophobic end group was attached using a functional RAFT agent, CP was lowered to 42 °C, i.e., closer to human body temperature. Also, the effect of added salts, in particular, the role of the Hofmeister series, on the phase transition of PbMOEAm was investigated, exemplified for the kosmotropic fluoride, intermediate chloride, and chaotropic thiocyanate anions. A pronounced shift of the cloud point of about 10 °C to lower or higher temperatures was observed for 0.2 M fluoride and thiocyanate, respectively. When PbMOEAm was attached to a long hydrophilic block of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMAm), the cloud points of these block copolymers were strongly shifted towards higher temperatures. While no phase transition was observed for PDMAm-b-pbMOEAm with short thermoresponsive blocks, block copolymers with about equally sized PbMOEAm and PDMAm blocks underwent the coil-to-globule transition around 60 °C.
Collapse
|
13
|
Lauterbach F, Abetz V. An eco-friendly pathway to thermosensitive micellar nanoobjects via photoRAFT PISA: the full guide to poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidin)-block-polystyrene diblock copolymers. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:2321-2331. [PMID: 32052824 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02483b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spherical macromolecular assemblies, so-called latexes, consisting of polystyrene (PS) resemble a relevant class of synthetic polymers used for a plethora of applications ranging from coatings or lubricants to biomedical applications. Their synthesis is usually tailored to the respective application where emulsifiers, radical initiators, or other additives still play a major role in achieving the desired properties. Herein, we demonstrate an alternative based on the photoiniferter reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) of Poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidin)-block-polystyrene (PAPy-b-PS). This approach yields monodisperse nanospheres with tunable sizes based on an aqueous formulation with only two ingredients. These nanospheres are additionally thermosensitive, meaning that they change their hydrodynamic diameter linearly with the temperature in a broad range between 10 °C and 70 °C. Combined with the eco-friendly synthesis in pure water at 40 °C, the herein presented route constitutes an unprecedented pathway to thermosensitive diblock copolymer aggregates in short reaction times without any additives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Lauterbach
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Keogh R, Blackman LD, Foster JC, Varlas S, O'Reilly RK. The Importance of Cooperativity in Polymer Blending: Toward Controlling the Thermoresponsive Behavior of Blended Block Copolymer Micelles. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900599. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Keogh
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Lewis D. Blackman
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Warwick Gibbet Hill Road CV4 7AL Coventry UK
| | - Jeffrey C. Foster
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| | - Rachel K. O'Reilly
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Birmingham Edgbaston B15 2TT Birmingham UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zheng C. Gradient copolymer micelles: an introduction to structures as well as structural transitions. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:5357-5370. [PMID: 31210242 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm00880b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Exhibiting variation of the composition along a chain, gradient copolymers bring new blood to the old story of polymeric micelles. The gradient chain structure results in some special features in micellar structures and leads to unique structural transitions, potentially leading to new properties and applications. Henceforth, gradient copolymer micellar structures and their transitions from the viewpoint of soft matter physics will be reviewed. Concepts such as a diffuse interface, shrinkage-stretching of micelles, and intrinsic temperature responsiveness are summarized from current research, which highlight new characteristic structures, relaxation modes and novel properties of micelles, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sanders CA, George SR, Deeter GA, Campbell JD, Reck B, Cunningham MF. Amphiphilic Block-Random Copolymers: Self-Folding Behavior and Stabilizers in Emulsion Polymerization. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Connor A. Sanders
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Sean R. George
- BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - Gary A. Deeter
- BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | - J. D. Campbell
- BASF Corporation, Wyandotte, Michigan 48192, United States
| | | | - Michael F. Cunningham
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abetz V, Kremer K, Müller M, Reiter G. Functional Macromolecular Systems: Kinetic Pathways to Obtain Tailored Structures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Volker Abetz
- Institute of Polymer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Kurt Kremer
- Polymer Theory; Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research; Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics; Georg-August University of Göttingen; Friedrich-Hund-Platz 1 37077 Göttingen Germany
| | - Günter Reiter
- Institute of Physics; Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg; Hermann-Herder-Str. 3 79104 Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Murdoch TJ, Humphreys BA, Johnson EC, Webber GB, Wanless EJ. Specific ion effects on thermoresponsive polymer brushes: Comparison to other architectures. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 526:429-450. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
19
|
Eggers S, Abetz V. Hydroperoxide Traces in Common Cyclic Ethers as Initiators for Controlled RAFT Polymerizations. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700683. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Eggers
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Department of Physical Chemistry; University of Hamburg; Grindelallee 117 20146 Hamburg Germany
- Institute of Polymer Research; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht; Max-Planck-Straße 1 21502 Geesthacht Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Surfactant-Free RAFT Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene Using Thermoresponsive macroRAFT Agents: Towards Smart Well-Defined Block Copolymers with High Molecular Weights. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:polym9120668. [PMID: 30965968 PMCID: PMC6418535 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of reversible addition⁻fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) and emulsion polymerization has recently attracted much attention as a synthetic tool for high-molecular-weight block copolymers and their micellar nano-objects. Up to recently, though, the use of thermoresponsive polymers as both macroRAFT agents and latex stabilizers was impossible in aqueous media due to their hydrophobicity at the usually high polymerization temperatures. In this work, we present a straightforward surfactant-free RAFT emulsion polymerization to obtain thermoresponsive styrenic block copolymers with molecular weights of around 100 kDa and their well-defined latexes. The stability of the aqueous latexes is achieved by adding 20 vol % of the cosolvent 1,4-dioxane (DOX), increasing the phase transition temperature (PTT) of the used thermoresponsive poly(N-acryloylpyrrolidine) (PAPy) macroRAFT agents above the polymerization temperature. Furthermore, this cosolvent approach is combined with the use of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)-block-poly(N-acryloylpiperidine-co-N-acryloylpyrrolidine) (PDMA-b-P(APi-co-APy)) as the macroRAFT agent owning a short stabilizing PDMA end block and a widely adjustable PTT of the P(APi-co-APy) block in between 4 and 47 °C. The temperature-induced collapse of the latter under emulsion polymerization conditions leads to the formation of RAFT nanoreactors, which allows for a very fast chain growth of the polystyrene (PS) block. In dynamic light scattering (DLS), as well as cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM), moreover, all created latexes indeed reveal a high (temperature) stability and a reversible collapse of the thermoresponsive coronal block upon heating. Hence, this paper pioneers a versatile way towards amphiphilic thermoresponsive high-molecular-weight block copolymers and their nano-objects with tailored corona switchability.
Collapse
|