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Arenhoevel J, Schmitt AC, Kerkhoff Y, Ahmadi V, Quaas E, Ludwig K, Achazi K, Nie C, Bej R, Haag R. Mucin-Inspired Polymeric Fibers for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Inhibition. Macromol Biosci 2024:e2400120. [PMID: 38801012 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202400120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Mucus lines the epithelial cells at the biological interface and is the first line of defense against multiple viral infections. Mucins, the gel-forming components of mucus, are high molecular weight glycoproteins and crucial for preventing infections by binding pathogens. Consequently, mimicking mucins is a promising strategy for new synthetic virus inhibitors. In this work, synthetic mucin-inspired polymers (MIPs) as potential inhibitors of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) are investigated. By using a telechelic reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization technique, a new dendronized polysulfate p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS with an amide-backbone similar to the native mucin glycoproteins is synthesized. p(G1AAm-OSO3)PDS shows mucin-like elongated fiber structure, as revealed in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) imaging, and its HSV-1 inhibition activity together with its previously reported methacrylate analogue p(G1MA-OSO3)PDS is tested. Both of the sulfated MIPs show strong HSV-1 inhibition in plaque reduction assays with IC50 values in lower nanomolar range (<3 × 10-9 m) and demonstrate a high cell compatibility (CC50 > 1.0 mg mL-1) with lower anticoagulant activity than heparin. In addition, the prophylactic and therapeutic activity of both MIPs is assessed in pre- and post-infection inhibition assays and clearly visualize their high potential for application using fluorescent microscopy imaging of infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Arenhoevel
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ann-Cathrin Schmitt
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yannic Kerkhoff
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vahid Ahmadi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisa Quaas
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai Ludwig
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Achazi
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Raju Bej
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustraße 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Nair RR, Seo EW, Hong S, Jung KO, Kim D. Pentafluorobenzene: Promising Applications in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4081-4099. [PMID: 37721519 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Pentafluorobenzene (PFB) represents a class of aromatic fluorine compounds employed exclusively across a spectrum of chemical and biological applications. PFBs are credited with developing various chemical synthesis techniques, networks and biopolymers, bioactive materials, and targeted drug delivery systems. The first part of this review delves into recent developments in PFB-derived molecules for diagnostic purposes. In the latter segment, PFB's role in the domain of theragnostic applications is discussed. The review elucidates different mechanisms and interaction strategies applied in leveraging PFBs to formulate diagnostic and theragnostic tools, substantiated by proper examples. The utilization of PFBs emerges as an enabler, facilitating manifold reactions, improving materials' properties, and even opening avenues for explorative research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratish R Nair
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Woo Seo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongje Hong
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Oh Jung
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyoung Kim
- Medical Research Center for Bioreaction to Reactive Oxygen Species and Biomedical Science Institute, Core Research Institute (CRI), Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Center for Converging Humanities, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- UC San Diego Materials Research Science and Engineering Center, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093, United States
- Center for Brain Technology, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Precision Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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Deng L, Albertazzi L, Palmans ARA. Elucidating the Stability of Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles in Biological Media and Living Cells. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:326-338. [PMID: 34904821 PMCID: PMC8753603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The controlled folding of synthetic polymer chains into single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs) of defined size and shape in water is a viable way to create compartmentalized, nanometer-sized structures for a range of biological applications. Understanding the relationship between the polymer's microstructure and the stability of folded structures is crucial to achieving desired applications. Here, we introduce the solvatochromic dye Nile red into SCPNs and apply a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques to relate polymer microstructure to nanoparticle stability in complex biological media and cellular environments. Our experimental data show that the polymer's microstructure has little effect on the stability of SCPNs in biological media and cytoplasm of living cells, but only SCPNs comprising supramolecular benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) motifs showed good stability in lysosomes. The results indicate that the polymer's microstructure is vital to ensure nanoparticle stability in highly competitive environments: both hydrophobic collapse and a structured interior are required. Our study provides an accessible way of probing the stability of SCPNs in cellular environments and paves the way for designing highly stable SCPNs for efficient bio-orthogonal catalysis and sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Deng
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Molecular
Biosensing for Medical Diagnostics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anja R. A. Palmans
- Laboratory
for Macromolecular and Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Alkan B, Daglar O, Aydogan Temel B, Durmaz H, Temel G. Rapid Synthesis of Polyester Based Single-Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles via Intra-Molecular Aza Michael Addition Reaction. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py01631h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An alternative strategy was developed to prepare intramolecularly crosslinked soft nanoparticles using aza Michael addition reaction on a linear polyester (PCA) containing in-chain reactive triple bonds. The linear precursor was...
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Kilic D, Pamukcu C, Balta DK, Temel BA, Temel G. Rapid synthesis of fluorescent single-chain nanoparticles via photoinduced step-growth polymerization of pendant carbazole units. Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.109469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Boyle BM, Heinz O, Miyake GM, Ding Y. Impact of the Pendant Group on the Chain Conformation and Bulk Properties of Norbornene Imide-Based Polymers. Macromolecules 2019; 52:3426-3434. [PMID: 32773888 PMCID: PMC7413623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Three series of well-defined norbornene imide-based polymers with different pendant groups were synthesized to investigate the effect of the pendant group on the polymer conformation in solution and bulk melt properties. Each of these three series was examined by analyzing the polymers' bulk z-average radius of gyration via static light scattering and the polymers' melt viscoelastic properties via oscillatory measurements and differential scanning calorimetry. Sterically bulky pendant wedge groups modestly increase the rodlike conformation of the norbornene-imide polymer, however, the inherent rigidity of the polymer main-chain can still be observed with less bulky substituents. In stark contrast, the different side groups significantly impacted the bulk viscoelastic and thermal properties. By increasing the pendant group size, the chain diameter of the polymer increases and lowers the entanglement modulus. Finally, as the wedge pendant group size increases, the segmental relaxation time and the fragility index of these norbornene-based polymers are decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bret M. Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Ozge Heinz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Garret M. Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Yifu Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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