1
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Chen J, Xu H, Mao Z, Nie K, Ning Y, Li Z, Tian B, Sun Z, Zhu P, Sun R. Epoxy Resins With Controllable "Thermally Conductive-Self-Healing" Synergies: a New Material to Meet the Needs of Flexible Electronic Devices. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400537. [PMID: 38703390 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
With the popularization of 5G technology and artificial intelligence, thermally conductive epoxies with self-healing ability will be widely used in flexible electronic materials. Although many compounds containing both performances have been synthesized, there is little systematic theory to explain the coordination mechanism. In this paper, alkyl chains of different lengths were introduced to epoxies to discuss the thermally conductive, the self-healing performance, and the synergistic effect. A series of electronic-grade biphenyl epoxies (4,4'-bis(oxiran-2-ylmethoxy)-1,1'-biphenyl (1), 4,4'-bis(2-(oxiran-2-yl)ethoxy)-1,1'-biphenyl (2), 4,4'-bis(3-(oxiran-2-yl)propoxy)-1,1'-biphenyl (3), and 4,4'-bis(4-(oxiran-2-yl)butoxy)-1,1'-biphenyl (4) were synthesized and characterized. Furthermore, they were cured with decanedioic acid to produce polymers. Results showed that alkyl chains can both affect the two properties, and the epoxies suitable for specific application scenarios can be prepared by adjusting the length of alkyl chains. In terms of thermal conductivity, compound 1 was a most promising material. However, compound 4 was expected to be utilized in flexible electronic devices because of its acceptable thermal conductivity, self-healing ability, transparency, and flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Chen
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Zhu Mao
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Kaixuan Nie
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Yi Ning
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Bo Tian
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Zhibo Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Pengli Zhu
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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2
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Takezawa Y, Furukawa N, Nachimuthu S, Zhou R, Torbati A. Higher-Order Structural Analysis of a Transparent and Flexible High Thermal Conductive Liquid Crystalline Elastomer Sheet and Its Composite. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:20839-20848. [PMID: 38770267 PMCID: PMC11105003 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Transparency, flexibility, and high thermal conductivity are trade-offs. Specifically, we have investigated a cross-linked acrylic liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) that exhibits both transparency and flexibility while maintaining a high level of thermal conductivity. The transparent monodomain LCE sheet was achieved through a process of stretching an initially opaque polydomain sheet to 80% elongation and subsequently subjecting it to photocuring. The thermal conductivity in the stretching direction (x) of the monodomain LCE sheet was found to be 1.8 times higher than that of the prestretched polydomain sheet, consistent with findings from previous studies. However, in the orthogonal direction (y) to the stretching (x) direction, the thermal conductivity exhibited an even higher value, being 1.7 times greater than in the x-direction, with a value of 3.0 W/(m·K). This unique observation prompted us to conduct further investigation through higher-order structural analysis of these LCE sheets using 2D wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) analysis. In the transparent sheet, the LCE molecules were aligned in the sheet in the stretching x-direction (monodomain structure) for the out-of-plane direction. However, in the in-plane x-direction, the molecular plane spacing exhibited random orientation at a period of 0.45 nm. In contrast, within the y-direction of the inner layer, the molecular plane spacing exhibited a uniaxial horizontal orientation at the same period length as in the x-direction. The heat energy entering into the y-direction once spreads to the x-direction, but it was considered that the reason for the higher thermal conductivity to the y-direction would be forming covalent bonds that function as new heat transmission paths, in the direction intersecting to the x-direction during photocuring. Therefore, we concluded that the synergistic effect of the high level of the ordered inner structure and covalent bonding structure due to cross-linking in the y-direction contributes to its higher thermal conductivity compared to that in the x-direction, which exhibits a random in-plane structure. Additionally, we have fabricated an LCE composite sheet filled with 75 vol % of alumina particles using a polydomain-type LCE as the base material. The composite sheet exhibits remarkable thermal conductivity in the thickness direction, measuring at 9.8 W/(m·K), while maintaining a flexibility characterized by an elastic modulus of 70 MPa. This thermal conductivity surpasses that of a nonmesogenic acrylic composite sheet with identical alumina particle filling, which measured at 3.9 W/(m·K), more than twice as much. The presence of the mesogen skeleton has been demonstrated to enhance heat transfer, even within soft composites, by facilitating the formation of an ordered structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Takezawa
- Institute
for Advanced Integrated Technology, Resonac
Corporation, 48 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki300-4247, Japan
| | - Naoki Furukawa
- Institute
for Advanced Integrated Technology, Resonac
Corporation, 48 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki300-4247, Japan
| | - Senguttuvan Nachimuthu
- Institute
for Advanced Integrated Technology, Resonac
Corporation, 48 Wadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki300-4247, Japan
| | - Risheng Zhou
- Impressio,
Inc., 7270 Gilpin Way,
Suite#120, Denver, Colorado 80229, United States
| | - Amir Torbati
- Impressio,
Inc., 7270 Gilpin Way,
Suite#120, Denver, Colorado 80229, United States
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3
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Okrasa L, Włodarska M, Kisiel M, Mossety-Leszczak B. Modification of the Dielectric and Thermal Properties of Organic Frameworks Based on Nonterminal Epoxy Liquid Crystal with Silicon Dioxide and Titanium Dioxide. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1320. [PMID: 38794513 PMCID: PMC11125083 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A nonterminal liquid crystal epoxy monomer is used to create an epoxy-amine network with a typical diamine 4,4'diaminodiphenylmethane. The plain matrix is compared to matrices modified with inorganic fillers: TiO2 or SiO2. Conditions of the curing reaction and glass transition temperatures in the cured products are determined through differential scanning calorimetry and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. The curing process is also followed through optical and electrical observations. The dielectric response of all investigated networks reveals a segmental α-process related to structural reorientation (connected to the glass transition). In all products, a similar process associated with molecular motions of polar groups also appears. The matrix modified with TiO2 exhibits two secondary relaxation processes (β and γ). Similar processes were observed in the pure monomer. An advantage of the network with the TiO2 filler is a shorter time or lower temperature required for optimal curing conditions. The physical properties of cured matrices depend on the presence of a nematic phase in the monomer and nonterminal functional groups in the aliphatic chains. In effect, such cured matrices can have more flexibility and internal order than classical resins. Additional modifiers used in this work shift the glass transition above room temperature and influence the fragility index in both cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Okrasa
- Department of Molecular Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Włodarska
- Institute of Physics, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 217/221, 93-005 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Maciej Kisiel
- Department of Industrial and Materials Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.K.); (B.M.-L.)
| | - Beata Mossety-Leszczak
- Department of Industrial and Materials Chemistry, Rzeszow University of Technology, al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland; (M.K.); (B.M.-L.)
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4
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Zhang J, Dang L, Zhang F, Zhang K, Kong Q, Gu J. Effect of the Structure of Epoxy Monomers and Curing Agents: Toward Making Intrinsically Highly Thermally Conductive and Low-Dielectric Epoxy Resins. JACS AU 2023; 3:3424-3435. [PMID: 38155647 PMCID: PMC10751775 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The low intrinsic thermal conduction and high dielectric properties of epoxy resins have significantly limited their applications in electrical and electronic devices with high integration, high frequency, high power, and miniaturization. Herein, a liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE) monomer with a biphenyl mesogenic unit was first synthesized through an efficient one-step reaction. Subsequently, bisphenol AF (BPAF) containing low-polarizable -CF3 groups and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) were applied to cure the LCE and commercial diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A-type epoxy (E-51), respectively, to afford four kinds of epoxy resins with various intrinsic thermal conductivity and dielectricity values. Owing to the dual effect of microscopically stacking of mesogens and the contribution of fluorine to the formation of liquid crystallinity, ordered microstructures of the nematic liquid crystal phase were formed within the cross-linking network of LCE as confirmed by polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Consequently, phonon scattering was suppressed, and the intrinsic thermal conductivity was improved considerably to 0.38 W/(m·K), nearly twice as high as that of E-51 cured with DDM (0.20 W/(m·K)). Additionally, the ordered microstructure and ultralow polar -CF3 groups within LCE cured with BPAF enabled the epoxy resin to exhibit a remarkably lower and stable dielectric constant (ε) and dielectric loss tangent (tan δ) over both low and high frequencies compared to E-51 cured with DDM. The ε decreased from 3.40 to 2.72 while the tan δ decreased from 0.044 to 0.038 at 10 GHz. This work presents a scalable and facile strategy for breaking the bottleneck of making epoxy resins simultaneously with high inherent thermal conduction and low dielectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junliang Zhang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Lin Dang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Fengyuan Zhang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Qingqing Kong
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi
Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of
Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
- Chongqing
Innovation Center, Northwestern Polytechnical
University, Chongqing 401135, P. R. China
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5
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Jeon D, Yoon Y, Kim D, Lee G, Ahn SK, Choi D, Kim CB. Fully Recyclable Covalent Adaptable Network Composite with Segregated Hexagonal Boron Nitride Structure for Efficient Heat Dissipation. Macromolecules 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dupyo Jeon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeomyung Yoon
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuri Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-kyun Ahn
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Dalsu Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, Yongin17058, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Bin Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan46241, Republic of Korea
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6
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Yoon D, Lee H, Kim T, Song Y, Lee T, Lee J, Hun Seol J. Enhancing the Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous Polyimide by Molecular-scale Manipulation. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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7
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Li Y, Gong C, Hou Z, Zhou W, Liu C, Peng L, Wu Y, Shi Q, Cheng Q. Flexible epoxy‐dispersed liquid crystal membranes of intrinsic thermal conductivity with high voltage orientation molding. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Changdan Gong
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Zhenzhong Hou
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Wenying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Longgui Peng
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Yi Wu
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Qin Shi
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
| | - Qiwei Cheng
- College of Material Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Science and Technology Xi'an Shaanxi China
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8
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Yu S, Huang M, Hao R, He S, Liu H, Liu W, Zhu C. Recent advances in thermally conductive polymer composites. HIGH PERFORM POLYM 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09540083221106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Polymer matrix composites (PMCs) with high thermal conductivity (TC) play an important role in improving the heat dissipation capacity of a new generation of electronic devices, particularly for 5G and aviation applications. Over the last few decades, considerable efforts have been made in the fabrication of highly thermally conductive PMCs. Advances in the thermal conduction mechanism of polymer composites are induced to, and then commonly used thermally conductive fillers are presented. In the following, the factors affecting the TC of polymer composites are discussed in detail, including fillers, interfaces, polymer matrices and processing technologies. Special attention is paid to the thermally conductive fillers. Then, some application areas of thermally conductive polymer composites are introduced. Finally, the deficiencies and future development trends in this research field are put forward. It is expected that this review will provide some beneficial inspiration in improving the TC of PMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiqiang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Miaoming Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Rui Hao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Suqin He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Advanced Nylon Materials and Application, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
| | - Chengshen Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, P.R. China
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9
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Hossain MM, Olamilekan AI, Jeong HO, Lim H, Kim YK, Cho H, Jeong HD, Islam MA, Goh M, You NH, Kim MJ, Choi SQ, Hahn JR, Yeo H, Jang SG. Diacetylene-Containing Dual-Functional Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resin: Strategic Phase Control for Topochemical Polymerization of Diacetylenes and Thermal Conductivity Enhancement. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Monir Hossain
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Arinola Isa Olamilekan
- Department of Science Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Oh Jeong
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongjin Lim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Kyeong Kim
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Cho
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Dam Jeong
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Akherul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Munju Goh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Ho You
- Carbon Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Jong Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyoung Q. Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ryang Hahn
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, and Research Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonuk Yeo
- Department of Science Education, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry Education and Department of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Gyu Jang
- Functional Composite Materials Research Center, Institute of Advanced Composites Materials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Wanju, Jeonbuk 55324, Republic of Korea
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10
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The synergistic effect of irregular alumina and round plates boron nitride
binary‐particle
system on the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Liu Y, Zhou Y, Xu Y. State-of-the-Art, Opportunities, and Challenges in Bottom-up Synthesis of Polymers with High Thermal Conductivity. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00272h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to metals, polymers are predominantly thermal and electrical insulators. With their unparalleled advantages such as light weight, turning polymer insulators into heat conductors with metal-like thermal conductivity is...
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12
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Zheng X, Zhan Y, Liu Y, Lu M, Jiao E, Zhang H, Shi J, Lu M, Wu K. High intrinsic thermally conductivity side-chain liquid crystalline polysiloxane films grafted with pendent difunctional mesogenic groups. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the microscopic ordered aggregation morphologies of SCLCP films are investigated, and molecular structures with regular arrangement can increase heat transfer via suppressing the scattering of phonons, thus greatly improving the λ of SCLCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaole Zheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Zhan
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingchun Liu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoping Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Enxiang Jiao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Hangzhen Zhang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Co., Ltd, Shaoguan 512400, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Co., Ltd, Shaoguan 512400, People's Republic of China
| | - Mangeng Lu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd, Chongqing, 400714, PR China
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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13
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Zhong X, Yang X, Ruan K, Zhang J, Zhang H, Gu J. Discotic Liquid Crystal Epoxy Resins Integrating Intrinsic High Thermal Conductivity and Intrinsic Flame Retardancy. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 43:e2100580. [PMID: 34626506 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The integration of intrinsic thermal conductivity and intrinsic flame retardancy of epoxy resins shows wider application prospects in electricals and electronics. Discotic liquid crystal epoxy (D-LCE) is synthesized from pyrocatechol, 2-allyloxyethanol, and 3-chloroperoxybenzoic acid. P/Si synergistic flame-retardant co-curing agent (DOPO-POSS, DP) is synthesized from p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene 10-oxide (DOPO), and amino terminated polysilsesquioxane (POSS). Finally, D-LCE is cured within liquid crystal range with 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM) and DP, to obtain intrinsic highly thermal conductive/flame-retardant epoxy resins (D-LCERDP ). D-LCERDP-10.0 (10.0 wt% DP) synchronously possesses excellent intrinsic thermal conductivity and intrinsic flame retardancy, with thermal conductivity coefficient in vertical and parallel direction (λ⊥ and λ∥ ) of 0.34 and 1.30 W m-1 K-1 , much higher than that of general bisphenol A epoxy resin (E-51, λ⊥ of 0.19 W m-1 K-1 , λ∥ of 0.65 W m-1 K-1 ). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of D-LCERDP-10.0 reaches 31.1, also better than those of E-51 (19.8) and D-LCER (21.3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhong
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xutong Yang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Kunpeng Ruan
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Haitian Zhang
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China.,Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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14
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Zhang Z, Dai X, Li L, Zhou S, Xue W, Liu Y, Liu H. Current Status of Research on the Modification of Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resin-Based Syntactic Foam Insulation Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3185. [PMID: 34578086 PMCID: PMC8469402 DOI: 10.3390/polym13183185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As a lightweight and highly insulating composite material, epoxy resin syntactic foam is increasingly widely used for insulation filling in electrical equipment. To avoid core burning and cracking, which are prone to occur during the casting process, the epoxy resin-based syntactic foam insulation materials with high thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion are required for composite insulation equipment. The review is divided into three sections concentrating on the two main aspects of modifying the thermal properties of syntactic foam. The mechanism and models, from the aspects of thermal conductivity and coefficient of thermal expansion, are presented in the first part. The second part aims to better understand the methods for modifying the thermal properties of syntactic foam by adding functional fillers, including the addition of thermally conductive particles, hollow glass microspheres, negative thermal expansion filler and fibers, etc. The third part concludes by describing the existing challenges in this research field and expanding the applicable areas of epoxy resin-based syntactic foam insulation materials, especially cross-arm composite insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyuan Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-Grid, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Xiaohan Dai
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-Grid, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Le Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-Grid, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Songsong Zhou
- China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China;
| | - Wei Xue
- State Network Zhejiang Electric Power Co., Ltd. Integrated Services Branch, Hangzhou 310000, China;
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-Grid, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
| | - Hechen Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Storage and Micro-Grid, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China; (Z.Z.); (X.D.); (Y.L.); (H.L.)
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15
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Ma M, Dai N, Liu X, Li C, Yuan Q, Huang F. Reinforcing the poly(silylene arylacetylene)s via strong π-π stacking interactions. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Tang N, Tanaka S, Takezawa Y, Kanie K. Highly anisotropic thermal conductivity of mesogenic epoxy resin film through orientation control. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Tang
- Research & Development Group Hitachi, Ltd Hitachi Japan
| | - Shingo Tanaka
- Research & Development Group Hitachi, Ltd Hitachi Japan
- Advanced Technology Research & Development Center Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd Tsukuba Japan
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material Tohoku University Sendai Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takezawa
- Advanced Technology Research & Development Center Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd Tsukuba Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Kanie
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Material Tohoku University Sendai Japan
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17
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Ma M, Liu X, Li C, Qiao Z, Yuan Q, Huang F. Effects of pendant side groups on the properties of the silicon-containing arylacetylene resins with 2,5-diphenyl-[1,3,4]-oxadiazole moieties. RSC Adv 2021; 11:19656-19665. [PMID: 35479219 PMCID: PMC9033566 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02184b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon-containing arylacetylene resins with rigid conjugated structures in the main chain often exhibit poor processability. A strategy of improving the processability by destroying the molecular structure symmetry using side aromatic groups was proposed, and the effects of the side groups was further explored. Two novel structural resins with side aromatic phenyl and phenylacetylene groups (PODSA-2P-MM and PODSA-2E-MM) were synthesized by Grignard reaction. The side aromatic groups strongly interfere with the regular arrangement of the main chains, and the crystallinities of the resins decrease as compared with PODSA-MM resin without side aromatic groups. Due to the influence of the side aromatic groups, the novel resins exhibit good processability, low exothermic enthalpy, high modulus and good heat resistance. Silicon-containing arylacetylene resins with rigid conjugated structures in the main chain often exhibit poor processability and low mechanical properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Manping Ma
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Xiaotian Liu
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Chuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Zhiyao Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Qiaolong Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
| | - Farong Huang
- Key Laboratory for Specially Functional Materials and Related Technology of the Ministry Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai 200237 China
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18
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Ota S, Harada M. Thermal conductivity enhancement of liquid crystalline epoxy/
MgO
composites by formation of highly ordered network structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saki Ota
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Osaka Japan
| | - Miyuki Harada
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering Kansai University Osaka Japan
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19
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Ruan K, Guo Y, Gu J. Liquid Crystalline Polyimide Films with High Intrinsic Thermal Conductivities and Robust Toughness. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Ruan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junwei Gu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’ an, Shaanxi 710072, P. R. China
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20
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Hong Y, Goh M. Advances in Liquid Crystalline Epoxy Resins for High Thermal Conductivity. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13081302. [PMID: 33921153 PMCID: PMC8071481 DOI: 10.3390/polym13081302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Epoxy resin (EP) is one of the most famous thermoset materials. In general, because EP has a three-dimensional random network, it possesses thermal properties similar to those of a typical heat insulator. Recently, there has been substantial interest in controlling the network structure of EP to create new functionalities. Indeed, the modified EP, represented as liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE), is considered promising for producing novel functionalities, which cannot be obtained from conventional EPs, by replacing the random network structure with an oriented one. In this paper, we review the current progress in the field of LCEs and their application to highly thermally conductive composite materials.
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21
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Gu J, Ruan K. Breaking Through Bottlenecks for Thermally Conductive Polymer Composites: A Perspective for Intrinsic Thermal Conductivity, Interfacial Thermal Resistance and Theoretics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:110. [PMID: 34138331 PMCID: PMC8044277 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00640-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Rapid development of energy, electrical and electronic technologies has put forward higher requirements for the thermal conductivities of polymers and their composites. However, the thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) values of prepared thermally conductive polymer composites are still difficult to achieve expectations, which has become the bottleneck in the fields of thermally conductive polymer composites. Aimed at that, based on the accumulation of the previous research works by related researchers and our research group, this paper proposes three possible directions for breaking through the bottlenecks: (1) preparing and synthesizing intrinsically thermally conductive polymers, (2) reducing the interfacial thermal resistance in thermally conductive polymer composites, and (3) establishing suitable thermal conduction models and studying inner thermal conduction mechanism to guide experimental optimization. Also, the future development trends of the three above-mentioned directions are foreseen, hoping to provide certain basis and guidance for the preparation, researches and development of thermally conductive polymers and their composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Gu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China.
| | - Kunpeng Ruan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Material Physics and Chemistry Under Extraordinary Conditions, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Science and Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, P. R. China
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22
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Kang DG, Park M, Ko H, Rim M, Park S, Tran DT, Yoo MJ, Kim N, Jeong KU. Thermal Energy Harvest and Reutilization by the Combination of Thermal Conducting Reactive Mesogens and Heat-Storage Mesogens. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13637-13647. [PMID: 33703879 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c21730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing a newly programmed and synthesized heat storage mesogen (HSM) and reactive mesogen (RM), advanced heat managing polymer alloys that exhibit high thermal conductivity, high latent heat, and phase transition at high temperatures were developed for use as smart thermal energy harvesting and reutilization materials. The RM in the heat-managing RM-HSM polymer alloy was polymerized to form a robust polymeric network with high thermal conductivity. The phase-separated HSM domains between RM polymeric networks absorbed and released a lot of thermal energy in response to changes in the surrounding temperature. For the fabrication of smart heat-managing RM-HSM polymer alloys, the composition and polymerization temperature were optimized based on the constructed phase diagram and thermal energy managing properties of the RM-HSM mixture. From morphological investigation and thermal analysis, it was realized that the heat storage capacity of polymer alloys depends on the size of the phase-separated HSM domain. The structure-morphology-property relationship of the heat managing polymer alloys was built based on the combined techniques of thermal, scattering, and morphological analysis. The newly developed mesogen-based polymer alloys can be used as smart thermal energy-harvesting and reutilization materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Gue Kang
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwook Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, California, United States
| | - Hyeyoon Ko
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Rim
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjune Park
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Thanh Tran
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong-Jae Yoo
- Electronic Convergence Materials & Device Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI), Seongnam 13509, Republic of Korea
| | - Namil Kim
- Smart Materials R&D Center, Korea Automotive Technology Institute, Cheonan 31214, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Un Jeong
- Department of Polymer-Nano Science and Technology, Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
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23
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Deberdeev TR, Akhmetshina AI, Karimova LK, Ignat’eva EK, Deberdeev RY, Berlin AA. Heat-Resistant Polymer Materials Based on Liquid Crystal Compounds. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES C 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1811238220020034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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24
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25
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Yu X, Yuan X, Zhao Y, Ren L. From Paramagnetic to Superparamagnetic Ionic Liquid/Poly(ionic liquid): The Effect of π-π Stacking Interaction. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1504-1510. [PMID: 35651180 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic ionic liquids (MILs) and poly(magnetic ionic liquids) (PMILs) with FeCl4- as anions usually show weak magnetism, such as paramagnetism or antiferromagnetism, at room temperature. Inspired by the natural inorganic ferromagnet with ordered crystal structures, a soft superparamagnetic ionic liquid (TMBBDI[FeCl4]) and corresponding poly(ionic liquid) (PTMBBDI[FeCl4]) were prepared by introducing π-π stacking biphenyl groups into the organic cations. Both of the compounds exhibited superparamagnetism from 100 to 300 K, while a ferromagnetic hysteresis loop was found at 300 K. Ferromagnetic interactions were observed from zero field cooling and field cooling studies for both TMBBDI[FeCl4] and PTMBBDI[FeCl4]. However, the MIL and PMIL without π-π stacking interaction were paramagnetic without ferromagnetic interaction. The superparamagnetism of the TMBBDI[FeCl4] and PTMBBDI[FeCl4] was ascribed to the π-π stacking interactions between biphenyl groups, which not only shortened the Fe-Fe distance to the ferromagnetic interaction range but also increased the order degree of the molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaoyan Yuan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yunhui Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lixia Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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26
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Optimizing filler network formation in poly(hexahydrotriazine) for realizing high thermal conductivity and low oxygen permeation. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Harada M, Hirotani M, Ochi M. Synthesis and improved mechanical properties of twin‐mesogenic epoxy thermosets using siloxane spacers with different lengths. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Harada
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and BioengineeringKansai University 3‐3‐35 Yamate‐cho, Suita‐shi, Osaka 564‐8680 Japan
| | - Mio Hirotani
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and BioengineeringKansai University 3‐3‐35 Yamate‐cho, Suita‐shi, Osaka 564‐8680 Japan
| | - Mitsukazu Ochi
- Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and BioengineeringKansai University 3‐3‐35 Yamate‐cho, Suita‐shi, Osaka 564‐8680 Japan
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