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Hu X, Li J, Li S, Zhang G, Wang R, Liu Z, Chen M, He W, Yu K, Zhai W, Zhao W, Khan AQ, Fang S, Baughman RH, Zhou X, Liu Z. Morphology modulation of artificial muscles by thermodynamic-twist coupling. Natl Sci Rev 2022; 10:nwac196. [PMID: 36684513 PMCID: PMC9843299 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwac196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human muscles can grow and change their length with body development; therefore, artificial muscles that modulate their morphology according to changing needs are needed. In this paper, we report a strategy to transform an artificial muscle into a new muscle with a different morphology by thermodynamic-twist coupling, and illustrate its structural evolution during actuation. The muscle length can be continuously modulated over a large temperature range, and actuation occurs by continuously changing the temperature. This strategy is applicable to different actuation modes, including tensile elongation, tensile contraction and torsional rotation. This is realized by twist insertion into a fibre to produce torsional stress. Fibre annealing causes partial thermodynamic relaxation of the spiral molecular chains, which serves as internal tethering and inhibits fibre twist release, thus producing a self-supporting artificial muscle that actuates under heating. At a sufficiently high temperature, further relaxation of the spiral molecular chains occurs, resulting in a new muscle with a different length. A structural study provides an understanding of the thermodynamic-twist coupling. This work provides a new design strategy for intelligent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Guanghao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Run Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhongsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Mengmeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenqian He
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Kaiqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Wenzhong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Abdul Qadeer Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and College of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shaoli Fang
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USA
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3
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Maurya AK, Mandal S, Wheeldon DE, Schoeller J, Schmid M, Annaheim S, Camenzind M, Fortunato G, Dommann A, Neels A, Sadeghpour A, Rossi RM. Effect of radiant heat exposure on structure and mechanical properties of thermal protective fabrics. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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4
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Song K, Wu LF, Liu D, Li L, Song J, Wang Z. Revealing the detailed structure in flow-induced crystallization of semicrystalline polymers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25206-25214. [PMID: 33125017 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04964f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We systematically investigate the detailed structure in the flow-induced crystallization of a lightly cross-linked high-density polyethylene as a model semicrystalline polymer sample by combining the small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and the spherical harmonic expansion (SHE) method. The SHE divides the two-dimensional SAXS pattern into several components according to the deformation geometry, and allows extraction of the most relevant information. Employing the first two anisotropic components in the expansion and a comprehensive model, we determine the crystalline morphological parameters, such as the long period, the lamellar diameter and thickness, and their polydispersities. In particular, we find that the lamellar diameter exhibits bimodal distributions at high strains. Lamellae with similar diameters tend to gather rather than to randomly distribute with others, suggesting the existence of heterogeneity in the semicrystalline structure. Moreover, we observe the strong polydispersities of the lamellar structure at low strains. The structural heterogeneity and polydispersities could be related to the inhomogeneities in crystal growth and nucleation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Song
- Department of Engineering Physics & Key Laboratory of Particle & Radiation Imaging (Tsinghua University) of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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5
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Humidity Controlled Mechanical Properties of Electrospun Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Fibers. FIBERS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fib8100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Processing parameters in electrospinning allow us to control the properties of fibers on a molecular level and are able to tailor them for specific applications. In this study, we investigate how relative humidity (RH) affects the mechanical properties of electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). The mechanical properties of single fibers were carried out using a specialized tensile stage. The results from tensile tests were additionally correlated with high-resolution imaging showing the behavior of individual fibers under tensile stress. The mechanical characteristic is strongly dependent on the crystallinity, chain orientation, and fiber diameter of electrospun PVDF fibers. Our results show the importance of controlling RH during electrospinning as the mechanical properties are significantly affected. At low RH = 30% PVDF fibers are 400% stiffer than their counterparts prepared at high RH = 60%. Moreover, the vast differences in the strain at failure were observed, namely 310% compared to 75% for 60% and 30% RH, respectively. Our results prove that humidity is a crucial parameter in electrospinning able to control the mechanical properties of polymer fibers.
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6
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Chen YH, Ranganathan P, Chen CW, Lee YH, Rwei SP. Effect of Bis (2-Aminoethyl) Adipamide/Adipic Acid Segment on Polyamide 6: Crystallization Kinetics Study. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12051067. [PMID: 32384761 PMCID: PMC7284434 DOI: 10.3390/polym12051067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization behavior of novel polyamide 6 (PA6) copolyamides with different amounts of bis (2-aminoethyl) adipamide/adipic acid (BAEA/AA) segment was investigated. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) results showed that as the amount of BAEA/AA segment increased to 10 mole%, the crystalline forms of all PA6 copolyamide were transferred from the stable α-form to the unstable γ-form because of the complex polymer structure. According to studies of crystallization kinetics, the Avrami exponent (n) values for all copolyamide samples ranged from 1.43 to 3.67 under isothermal conditions, implying that the crystallization is involved in the two- to three-dimensional growth at a high temperature of isothermal condition. The copolyamides provided a slower crystallization rate and higher crystallization activation energy (ΔEa) than neat PA6. Polyamide containing 10 mole% of BEAE/AA content exhibited a unique crystallization behavior in the coexistence of the α and γ forms. These results deepen our understanding of the relationship between BAEA/AA content, crystal structure, and its crystallization behavior in low-melting PA6, and they make these types of copolyamides useful for their practical application.
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Maurya AK, Weidenbacher L, Spano F, Fortunato G, Rossi RM, Frenz M, Dommann A, Neels A, Sadeghpour A. Structural insights into semicrystalline states of electrospun nanofibers: a multiscale analytical approach. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:7176-7187. [PMID: 30919869 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00446g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
A dedicated nanofiber design for applications in the biomedical domain is based on the understanding of nanofiber structures. The structure of electrospun nanofibers strongly influences their properties and functionalities. In polymeric nanofibers X-ray scattering and diffraction methods, i.e. SAXS and WAXD, are capable of decoding their structural insights from about 100 nm down to the Angström scale. Here, we present a comprehensive X-ray scattering and diffraction based study and introduce new data analysis approaches to unveil detailed structural features in electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDFhfp) nanofiber membranes. Particular emphasis was placed on anisotropic morphologies being developed during the nanofiber fabrication process. Global analysis was performed on SAXS data to derive the nanofibrillar structure of repeating lamella crystalline domains with average dimensions of 12.5 nm thickness and 7.8 nm spacing along with associated tie-molecules. The varying surface roughness of the nanofiber was evaluated by extracting the Porod exponent in parallel and perpendicular direction to the nanofiber axis, which was further validated by Atomic Force Microscopy. Additionally, the presence of a mixture of the monoclinic alpha and the orthorhombic beta PVDFhfp phases both exhibiting about 6% larger unit cells compared to the corresponding pure PVDF phases was derived from WAXD. The current study shows a generic approach in detailed understanding of internal structures and surface morphology for nanofibers. This forms the basis for targeted structure and morphology steering and the respective controlling during the fabrication process with the aim to engineer nanofibers for different biomedical applications with specific requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjani K Maurya
- Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Center for X-ray Analytics, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
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Chen K, Yu J, Liu Y, Song M, Jiang Q, Ji H, Zou J, Zhang Y, Wang H. Creep deformation and its correspondence to the microstructure of different polyester industrial yarns at room temperature. POLYM INT 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai China
| | - Jinchao Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai China
| | - Yanping Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textile; College of Textiles, Donghua University; Shanghai China
| | - Minggen Song
- Zhejiang Unifull Industrial Fiber Co. Ltd; Zhejiang Province China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Zhejiang Unifull Industrial Fiber Co. Ltd; Zhejiang Province China
| | - Hong Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai China
| | - Jiaxiong Zou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai China
| | - Huaping Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering; Donghua University; Shanghai China
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9
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Samal S, Thompson BC. Converging the Hole Mobility of Poly(2- N-carbazoylethyl acrylate) with Conjugated Polymers by Tuning Isotacticity. ACS Macro Lett 2018; 7:1161-1167. [PMID: 35651268 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonconjugated electroactive polymers (also known as pendant or side-chain electroactive polymers) promise several potential advantages relative to conjugated polymers including enhanced mechanical durability, greater stability and synthesis via living polymerization techniques. However, most previous examples suffer from low charge carrier mobility. Here, using poly(2-N-carbazoylethyl acrylate) (PCzEA) as a model polymer, we investigate the ability of side-chain tacticity to influence hole mobility. Specifically, we investigated polymers with dyad isotacticity (m) ranging from ∼45 to ∼95% synthesized by several methods including free radical polymerization and anionic polymerization. We found that the hole mobility (μh) measured via the space charge limited current (SCLC) technique increased proportionally to the increasing isotacticity from 2.11 × 10-6 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 45.5%) to 4.68 × 10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 94.7%) in unannealed samples and that mobilities could be boosted as high as 2.74 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 (m = 94.7%) with thermal annealing, which rivaled the well-known conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) (μh = 5.8 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1). As such, we report here clear experimental evidence that control of side chain tacticity can enhance charge carrier mobility in nonconjugated pendant electroactive polymers, converging with mobilities typically only observed in conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanket Samal
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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Xu JR, Ren XK, Yang T, Jiang XQ, Chang WY, Yang S, Stroeks A, Chen EQ. Revisiting the Thermal Transition of β-Form Polyamide-6: Evolution of Structure and Morphology in Uniaxially Stretched Films. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Ru Xu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiang-Kui Ren
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xu-Qiang Jiang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Ying Chang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shuang Yang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Alexander Stroeks
- DSM Materials Science
Center, DSM Ahead, P.O. Box 1066, 6160
BB Geleen, The Netherlands
| | - Er-Qiang Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering and the Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry
and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center for Soft Matter Science
and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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11
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Millot C, Séguéla R, Lame O, Fillot LA, Rochas C, Sotta P. Tensile Deformation of Bulk Polyamide 6 in the Preyield Strain Range. Micro–Macro Strain Relationships via in Situ SAXS and WAXS. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Millot
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS - Solvay, Saint-Fons, France
- Matériaux,
Ingénierie et Sciences (MATEIS), UMR 5510 CNRS - INSA de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - R. Séguéla
- Matériaux,
Ingénierie et Sciences (MATEIS), UMR 5510 CNRS - INSA de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - O. Lame
- Matériaux,
Ingénierie et Sciences (MATEIS), UMR 5510 CNRS - INSA de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - L.-A. Fillot
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS - Solvay, Saint-Fons, France
| | - C. Rochas
- CERMAV, UPR 5301 CNRS, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Sotta
- Laboratoire
Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, UMR 5268 CNRS - Solvay, Saint-Fons, France
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12
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Yoon JH, Avci H, Najafi M, Nasri L, Hudson SM, Kotek R. Development of high-tenacity, high-modulus poly(ethylene terephthalate) filaments via a next generation wet-melt-spinning process. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua H. Yoon
- Applied Polymer Technologies Ireland (APT), Athlone Institute of Technology (AIT); Dublin Road, Athlone Co Westmeath Ireland
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Mettalurgical and Material Engineering; Eskisehir Osmangazi University; Turkey
| | - Mesbah Najafi
- The Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science (TECS); College of Textiles, North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27606
| | - Lassad Nasri
- Trützschler Switzerland AG; Schlosstalstrasse 45 Winterthur 8406 Switzerland
| | - Samuel M. Hudson
- The Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science (TECS); College of Textiles, North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27606
| | - Richard Kotek
- The Department of Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science (TECS); College of Textiles, North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27606
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13
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Shaiju P, Murthy NS, Gowd EB. Molecular, Crystalline, and Lamellar Length-Scale Changes in the Poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) during Cyclopentanone (CPO) Desorption in PLLA/CPO Cocrystals. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Shaiju
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 001, India
| | - N. Sanjeeva Murthy
- New
Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - E. Bhoje Gowd
- Materials
Science and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum 695 019, Kerala, India
- Academy of Scientific
and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi 110 001, India
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14
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Song K, Zhang Y, Meng J, Minus ML. Spectral analysis of lamellae evolution and constraining effects aided by nano-carbons: A coupled experimental and simulation study. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Najafi M, Avci H, Kotek R. High-performance filaments by melt spinning low viscosity nylon 6 using horizontal isothermal bath process. POLYM ENG SCI 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mesbah Najafi
- College of Textiles; Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8301
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Metallurgical and Materials Engineering; Eskisehir Osmangazi University; 26480 Eskisehir Turkey
| | - Richard Kotek
- College of Textiles; Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science; North Carolina State University; Raleigh North Carolina 27695-8301
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16
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Wang W, Murthy NS, Grubb DT. Central small-angle diffuse scattering from fibers is made of two components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Rinaldi RG, Boyce MC, Weigand SJ, Londono DJ, Guise MW. Microstructure evolution during tensile loading histories of a polyurea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.22352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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18
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Fischer S, Marti O, Diesner T, Rieger B. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering on Melt-Spun Polypropylene Fibers: Modeling and Data Reduction. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902414b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Fischer
- Institute of Experimental Physics, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Othmar Marti
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Tobias Diesner
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Bernhard Rieger
- Wacker-Lehrstuhl für Makromolekulare Chemie, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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19
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Grubb DT, Murthy NS. Real-Time X-ray Study of Nylon-6 Fibers during Dehydration: Equatorial Small-Angle Scattering is Due to Surface Refraction. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902083z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. T. Grubb
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853
| | - N. S. Murthy
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854
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20
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Stribeck N, Nöchel U, Funari SS, Schubert T, Timmann A. Nanostructure Evolution in Poly(propylene) During Mechanical Testing. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200800199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Shioya M, Kawazoe T, Okazaki R, Suei T, Sakurai S, Yamamoto K, Kikutani T. Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study on the Tensile Fracture Process of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Fiber. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma7027616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Shioya
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Tomomi Kawazoe
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Ryota Okazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takumi Suei
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Shinichi Sakurai
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kikutani
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Department of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S8-34, 2-12-1 O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan, and Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
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Koerner H, Kelley JJ, Vaia RA. Transient Microstructure of Low Hard Segment Thermoplastic Polyurethane under Uniaxial Deformation. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma800306z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hilmar Koerner
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXBP, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, and Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio 45432
| | - John J. Kelley
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXBP, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, and Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio 45432
| | - Richard A. Vaia
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, AFRL/RXBP, 2941 Hobson Way, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433, and Universal Technology Corporation, Dayton, Ohio 45432
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23
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Avramova N. Effect of the structure on sorption and diffusion processes in polyamide 6, part 1: Activation energy and thermodynamic parameters of water desorption in oriented and unoriented polyamide 6. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Laity PR, Taylor JE, Wong SS, Khunkamchoo P, Norris K, Cable M, Chohan V, Andrews GT, Johnson AF, Cameron RE. Mechanical Deformation of Polyurethanes. J MACROMOL SCI B 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/mb-120027753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. R. Laity
- a Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , New Museums Site , Cambridge , UK
| | - J. E. Taylor
- a Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , New Museums Site , Cambridge , UK
| | - S. S. Wong
- b IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - P. Khunkamchoo
- b IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - K. Norris
- b IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - M. Cable
- c Ranier Technology Ltd., Greenhouse Park Innovation Centre , Cambridge , UK
| | - V. Chohan
- c Ranier Technology Ltd., Greenhouse Park Innovation Centre , Cambridge , UK
| | - G. T. Andrews
- c Ranier Technology Ltd., Greenhouse Park Innovation Centre , Cambridge , UK
| | - A. F. Johnson
- b IRC in Polymer Science and Technology, School of Chemistry , University of Leeds , LS2 9JT , UK
| | - R. E. Cameron
- a Materials Science and Metallurgy , University of Cambridge , New Museums Site , Cambridge , UK
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Murthy NS, Grubb DT. Tilted lamellae in an affinely deformed 3D macrolattice and elliptical features in small-angle scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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Murthy NS. Hydrogen bonding, mobility, and structural transitions in aliphatic polyamides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vlasveld D, Groenewold J, Bersee H, Mendes E, Picken S. Analysis of the modulus of polyamide-6 silicate nanocomposites using moisture controlled variation of the matrix properties. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Ferreiro V, Coulon G. Shear banding in strained semicrystalline polyamide 6 films as revealed by atomic force microscopy: Role of the amorphous phase. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Ibanes C, David L, Seguela R, Rochas C, Robert G. Structure and mechanical behavior of nylon 6 fibers filled with organic and mineral nanoparticles. II.In situ study of deformation mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Murthy N, Bray R. Structure and properties of polyamide 6 and 4-aminomethylcyclohexane carboxylic acid copolymers with an unusually short helical pitch for nylons. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00465-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Murthy NS, Grubb DT. Deformation in lamellar and crystalline structures:in situ simultaneous small-angle X-ray scattering and wide-angle X-ray diffraction measurements on polyethylene terephthalate fibers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.10484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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