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Kariminejad M, Tormey D, Huq S, Morrison J, McAfee M. Ultrasound Sensors for Process Monitoring in Injection Moulding. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:5193. [PMID: 34372430 PMCID: PMC8347947 DOI: 10.3390/s21155193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Injection moulding is an extremely important industrial process, being one of the most commonly-used plastic formation techniques. However, the industry faces many current challenges associated with demands for greater product customisation, higher precision and, most urgently, a shift towards more sustainable materials and processing. Accurate real-time sensing of the material and part properties during processing is key to achieving rapid process optimisation and set-up, reducing down-times, and reducing waste material and energy in the production of defective products. While most commercial processes rely on point measurements of pressure and temperature, ultrasound transducers represent a non-invasive and non-destructive source of rich information on the mould, the cavity and the polymer melt, and its morphology, which affect critical quality parameters such as shrinkage and warpage. In this paper the relationship between polymer properties and the propagation of ultrasonic waves is described and the application of ultrasound measurements in injection moulding is evaluated. The principles and operation of both conventional and high temperature ultrasound transducers (HTUTs) are reviewed together with their impact on improving the efficiency of the injection moulding process. The benefits and challenges associated with the recent development of sol-gel methods for HTUT fabrication are described together with a synopsis of further research and development needed to ensure a greater industrial uptake of ultrasonic sensing in injection moulding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandana Kariminejad
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM Centre), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
| | - David Tormey
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM Centre), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
| | - Saif Huq
- School of Computing and Digital Media, London Metropolitan University, 166-220 Holloway Rd, London N7 8DB, UK;
| | - Jim Morrison
- Department of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering, Letterkenny Institute of Technology, Port Rd, Gortlee, Letterkenny, F92 FC93 Donegal, Ireland;
| | - Marion McAfee
- Centre for Precision Engineering, Materials and Manufacturing (PEM Centre), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland;
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Institute of Technology Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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2
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Islam HMZ, Susan MABH, Imran AB. Effects of Plasticizers and Clays on the Physical, Chemical, Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Potato Starch-Based Nanocomposite Films. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17543-17552. [PMID: 32715239 PMCID: PMC7377229 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable polymeric films have great potential as alternatives to synthetic polymeric films to reduce environmental pollution. Plasticizing agents and nanofillers can improve the mechanical properties of polymer-based composites, resulting in materials with better flexibility and extensibility. Starch, a natural polymer, can be produced at low cost and on a large scale from abundant and inexpensive agricultural resources like potatoes. The aim of the present work was to fabricate mechanically strong and thermally stable potato starch films reinforced with different types of plasticizers and nanoclays at different concentrations. Different types of plasticizers such as water, glycerin, ethylene glycol, sorbitol, and formamide and three types of clays such as montmorillonite, hectorite, and kaolinite at various concentrations were used to prepare potato starch-based nanocomposite films. The films were prepared using a very simple solution casting process. The mechanical properties and thermal stabilities of nanocomposite films significantly improved using montmorillonite, hectorite, and kaolinite clays. The water uptake percentage of the fabricated films decreased with addition of plasticizers and further decreased with addition of different types of clays. The structural and morphological changes of the fabricated films in the presence of plasticizers and nanoclays were correlated in detail with their mechanical properties, crystallinity, biodegradability, thermal stability, and water absorption capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abu Bin Imran
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Bangladesh
University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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Ping Y, Hu X, Yao Q, Hu Q, Amini S, Miserez A, Tang G. Engineering bioinspired bacteria-adhesive clay nanoparticles with a membrane-disruptive property for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:16486-98. [PMID: 27605059 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr05551f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a bioinspired design strategy to engineer bacteria-targeting and membrane-disruptive nanoparticles for the effective antibiotic therapy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Antibacterial nanoparticles were self-assembled from highly exfoliated montmorillonite (eMMT) and cationic linear polyethyleneimine (lPEI) via electrostatic interactions. eMMT functions as a bioinspired 'sticky' building block for anchoring antibacterial nanoparticles onto the bacterial cell surface via bacteria-secreted extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), whereas membrane-disruptive lPEI is able to efficiently lyse the bacterial outer membrane to allow topical transmembrane delivery of antibiotics into the intracellular cytoplasm. As a result, eMMT-lPEI nanoparticles intercalated with the antibiotic metronidazole (MTZ) not only efficiently target bacteria via EPS-mediated adhesion and kill bacteria in vitro, but also can effectively remain in the stomach where H. pylori reside, thereby serving as an efficient drug carrier for the direct on-site release of MTZ into the bacterial cytoplasm. Importantly, MTZ-intercalated eMMT-lPEI nanoparticles were able to efficiently eradicate H. pylori in vivo and to significantly improve H. pylori-associated gastric ulcers and the inflammatory response in a mouse model, and also showed superior therapeutic efficacy as compared to standard triple therapy. Our findings reveal that bacterial adhesion plays a critical role in promoting efficient antimicrobial delivery and also represent an original bioinspired targeting strategy via specific EPS-mediated adsorption. The bacteria-adhesive eMMT-lPEI nanoparticles with membrane-disruptive ability may constitute a promising drug carrier system for the efficacious targeted delivery of antibiotics in the treatment of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ping
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Center for Biomimetic Sensor Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore.
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Jeong DS, Choi WS, Lee YT, Ryu SH. Effect of montmorillonite and shear stress on the orientation of single walled carbon nanotubes in polypopylene composite fiber. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Du Sik Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Kyunggido Korea
| | - Won Seok Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Kyunggido Korea
| | - Yong Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Kyunggido Korea
| | - Sung Hun Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University; Yongin Kyunggido Korea
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5
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Inducing of dominant polar forms in poly(vinylidene fluoride) with super toughness by adding alkyl ammonium salt. POLYMER 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2012.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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6
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Li N, Cheng W, Ren K, Luo F, Wang K, Fu Q. Oscillatory shear-accelerated exfoliation of graphite in polypropylene melt during injection molding. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-013-1204-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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Liang D, Zhou LJ, Zhang Q, Chen F, Wang K, Deng H, Fu Q. Morphology and mechanical properties of poly(ethyleneoctene) copolymers obtained by dynamic packing injection molding. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-012-1159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Zhou B, Liu YL, Xu JT, Fan ZQ. Effect of montmorillonite on orientation of drawn polypropylene films. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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9
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Geng C, Wang J, Zhang Q, Fu Q. New piezoelectric damping composites of poly(vinylidene fluoride) blended with clay and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. POLYM INT 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Su JJ, Yang GH, Geng CZ, Deng H, Wang K, Fu Q. The variable role of clay on the crystallization behavior of DMDBS-nucleated polypropylene. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-011-1087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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11
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Cooperative effect of shear and nanoclay on the formation of polar phase in poly(vinylidene fluoride) and the resultant properties. POLYMER 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2011.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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12
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Fordiani F, Aubry T, Grohens Y. Structural changes evidenced by rheology in PPgMA nanocomposites during oxidative ageing. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.30999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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13
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Xu B, Leisen J, Beckham HW, Abu-Zurayk R, Harkin-Jones E, McNally T. Evolution of Clay Morphology in Polypropylene/Montmorillonite Nanocomposites upon Equibiaxial Stretching: A Solid-State NMR and TEM Approach. Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma901754m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Gao Y, Wang Y, Shi J, Zhu S, Bao Y, Bai H, Li Y. Effect of functionalized SWCNTs on microstructure of PP-g-MA/OMMT/f-SWCNTs nanocomposite. J Appl Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/app.29304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Influence of poly(ethylene glycol)/montmorillonite hybrids on the rheological behaviors and mechanical properties of polypropylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-009-0085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Xiang Y, Hou Z, Su R, Wang K, Fu Q. The effect of shear on mechanical properties and orientation of HDPE/mica composites obtained via dynamic packing injection molding (DPIM). POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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17
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Shear-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene based nanocomposites with montmorillonite. Eur Polym J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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18
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Benali S, Peeterbroeck S, Brocorens P, Monteverde F, Bonnaud L, Alexandre M, Lazzaroni R, Dubois P. Chlorinated polyethylene nanocomposites using PCL/clay nanohybrid masterbatches. Eur Polym J 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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Structural and thermal stabilization of isotactic polypropylene/organo-montmorillonite/poly(ethylene-co-octene) nanocomposites by an elastomer component. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Broekaert C, Peeterbroeck S, Benali S, Monteverde F, Bonnaud L, Alexandre M, Dubois P. Chlorinated polyethylene/layered silicate nanocomposites: Poly(ε-caprolactone)-based “masterbatch” approach. Eur Polym J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Zhao P, Wang K, Yang H, Zhang Q, Du R, Fu Q. Excellent tensile ductility in highly oriented injection-molded bars of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes composites. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Hoon Kim D, Fasulo PD, Rodgers WR, Paul D. Effect of the ratio of maleated polypropylene to organoclay on the structure and properties of TPO-based nanocomposites. Part I: Morphology and mechanical properties. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Kim DH, Fasulo PD, Rodgers WR, Paul DR. Structure and properties of polypropylene-based nanocomposites: Effect of PP-g-MA to organoclay ratio. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Wang K, Wang C, Li J, Su J, Zhang Q, Du R, Fu Q. Effects of clay on phase morphology and mechanical properties in polyamide 6/EPDM-g-MA/organoclay ternary nanocomposites. POLYMER 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Kint DPR, Seeley G, Gio‐Batta M, Burgess AN. Structure and Properties of Epoxy‐Based Layered Silicate Nanocomposites. J MACROMOL SCI B 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00222340500323656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Darwin P. R. Kint
- a ICI Strategic Technology Group , Wilton Centre , Wilton, Redcar, UK
| | - Gordon Seeley
- a ICI Strategic Technology Group , Wilton Centre , Wilton, Redcar, UK
| | - Monica Gio‐Batta
- a ICI Strategic Technology Group , Wilton Centre , Wilton, Redcar, UK
| | - Andrew N. Burgess
- a ICI Strategic Technology Group , Wilton Centre , Wilton, Redcar, UK
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26
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Wu D, Zhou C, Zhang M. Effect of steady shear on the microstructural evolution of melt-intercalated polymer/clay nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Xiao Y, Zhang X, Cao W, Wang K, Tan H, Zhang Q, Du R, Fu Q. Dispersion and mechanical properties of polypropylene/multiwall carbon nanotubes composites obtained via dynamic packing injection molding. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.25852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Nguyen QT, Baird DG. Preparation of polymer–clay nanocomposites and their properties. ADVANCES IN POLYMER TECHNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adv.20079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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He B, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Fu Q. Real-time ultrasonic monitoring of the injection-molding process. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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30
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Ultrasonic measurement of orientation in HDPE/iPP blends obtained by dynamic packing injection molding. POLYMER 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2006.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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31
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Cole KC, Perrin-Sarazin F, Dorval-Douville G. Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymer and Clay Platelet Orientation in Blown Films Based on Polypropylene-Clay Nanocomposite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.200551135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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32
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The incorporation of carbon nanofibres to enhance the properties of self reinforced, single polymer composites. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.08.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Chiu FC, Lai SM, Chen YL, Lee TH. Investigation on the polyamide 6/organoclay nanocomposites with or without a maleated polyolefin elastomer as a toughener. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Shear amplification and re-crystallization of isotactic polypropylene from an oriented melt in presence of oriented clay platelets. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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35
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Százdi L, Pukánszky B, Földes E, Pukánszky B. Possible mechanism of interaction among the components in MAPP modified layered silicate PP nanocomposites. POLYMER 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Wang K, Liang S, Zhang Q, Du R, Fu Q. An observation of accelerated exfoliation in iPP/organoclay nanocomposite as induced by repeated shear during melt solidification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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37
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Chiu FC, Lai SM, Chen JW, Chu PH. Combined effects of clay modifications and compatibilizers on the formation and physical properties of melt-mixed polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.20271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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38
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Toth R, Coslanich A, Ferrone M, Fermeglia M, Pricl S, Miertus S, Chiellini E. Computer simulation of polypropylene/organoclay nanocomposites: characterization of atomic scale structure and prediction of binding energy. POLYMER 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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39
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Khatua BB, Lee DJ, Kim HY, Kim JK. Effect of Organoclay Platelets on Morphology of Nylon-6 and Poly(ethylene-ran-propylene) Rubber Blends. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0352072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 333] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. B. Khatua
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Dong Jun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Hwang Yong Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
| | - Jin Kon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Polymer Research Institute, Electronic and Computer Engineering Divisions, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea
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40
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A processing-induced clay dispersion and its effect on the structure and properties of polyamide 6. POLYM INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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41
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Pramoda KP, Mohamed A, Yee Phang I, Liu T. Crystal transformation and thermomechanical properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/clay nanocomposites. POLYM INT 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.1692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Sinha Ray S, Okamoto M. Polymer/layered silicate nanocomposites: a review from preparation to processing. Prog Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5355] [Impact Index Per Article: 255.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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