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Ding J, Chen G, Huang W, Cheng J, Li T, Cheng C, Xu J. Tensile Strength Statistics and Fracture Mechanism of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers: On the Weibull Distribution. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:12984-12991. [PMID: 38524440 PMCID: PMC10955568 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
To study the distribution of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE) strength, three groups of UHMWPE fibers were spun by the gel spinning method, which was undrafted raw fibers (with high strain at break) and fibers with different prespinning and postspinning draw ratios. It is found that even when the strain at break (εb) > 46%, the tensile strength of the fiber still obeys the Weibull distribution. The draw ratio has a great influence on the distribution of fiber strength, especially the draw ratios of the spinneret in the prespinning process. It may be that different drafting processes affect the fracture mechanism of the fibers. This paper analyzes and discusses that and proves it by differential scanning calorimetry and the taut tie molecules (TTMs) fractions. The parameters of the Weibull distribution suggest the quality of the fiber. The Weibull modulus is closely related to the dispersion of the fiber properties and processing parameters. The characteristic strength is similar to the test average strength, which is more suitable for the judgment of fiber reliability in actual use. At the same time, the normality of the samples was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk, Jarque-Bera test, and quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots, and the strength distribution was visually displayed by the bell curve. The results show that the Gaussian distribution is not so suitable to describe the strength distribution of the stretched fiber compared to the Weibull distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased
Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile
Academy, Yanjingli Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Gonglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased
Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile
Academy, Yanjingli Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Wei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased
Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile
Academy, Yanjingli Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Jinlong Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased
Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile
Academy, Yanjingli Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased
Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile
Academy, Yanjingli Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Chunzu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased
Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile
Academy, Yanjingli Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Jigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased
Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile
Academy, Yanjingli Middle Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100025, China
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Effects of Thermal Aging on Molar Mass of Ultra-High Molar Mass Polyethylene Fibers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071324. [PMID: 35406198 PMCID: PMC9002805 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultra-high molar mass polyethylene (UHMMPE) is commonly used for ballistic-resistant body armor applications due to the superior strength of the fibers fabricated from this material combined with its low density. However, polymeric materials are susceptible to thermally induced degradation during storage and use, which can reduce the high strength of these fibers, and, thus, negatively impact their ballistic resistance. The objective of this work is to advance the field of lightweight and soft UHMMPE inserts used in various types of ballistic resistant-body armor via elucidating the mechanisms of chemical degradation and evaluating this chemical degradation, as well as the corresponding physical changes, of the UHMMPE fibers upon thermal aging. This is the first comprehensive study on thermally aged UHMMPE fibers that measures their decrease in the average molar mass via high-temperature size exclusion chromatography (HT-SEC) analysis. The decrease in the molar mass was further supported by the presence of carbon-centered free radicals in the polyethylene that was detected using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. These carbon-centered radicals result from a cascade of thermo-oxidative reactions that ultimately induce C–C ruptures along the backbone of the polymer. Changes in the crystalline morphology of the UHMMPE fibers were also observed through wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXS), showing an increase in the amorphous regions, which promotes oxygen diffusion into the material, specifically through these areas. This increase in the amorphous fraction of the highly oriented polyethylene fibers has a synergistic effect with the thermo-oxidative degradation processes and contributes significantly to the decrease in their molar mass.
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He W, Kong C, Cai Y, Ye L, Chen S, Li S, Zhao X. Thermal stability enhancement of oriented polyethylene by formation of epitaxial shish-kebab crystalline structure. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2021.109771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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An M, Lv Y, Xu H, Li Y, Wang Z. Formation and evolution of shish‐kebab structure during hot stretching in gel‐spun ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene fibers with high concentration gel solution. POLYMER CRYSTALLIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pcr2.10060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minfang An
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - You Lv
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Haojun Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Yiguo Li
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo University Ningbo China
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Yao G, Fang Y, Chi E, Bao J, Zhang L, Li Y, Zhang J, Wang Z. The Influence of Space Restriction on the Mechanical Properties of Isotactic Polypropylene/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Injection Bars. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES A 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0965545x18050152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mi D, Zhou M, Hou F, Zhang J. Effect of high-temperature annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene with shish kebab or spherulite structure. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.46465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dashan Mi
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture; Ghent University; Technologiepark 915 Zwijnaarde 9052 Belgium
| | - Man Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Fengyi Hou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering; Sichuan University; Chengdu China
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Kossack W, Seidlitz A, Thurn-Albrecht T, Kremer F. Molecular Order in Cold Drawn, Strain-Recrystallized Poly(ε-caprolactone). Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelm Kossack
- Fakultät
für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Seidlitz
- Institut
für Physik, FG Experimentelle Polymerphysik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Thurn-Albrecht
- Institut
für Physik, FG Experimentelle Polymerphysik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Fakultät
für Physik und Geowissenschaften, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Structure and properties of gel-spun ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fibers with high gel solution concentration. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-017-1883-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Yao G, Duan T, An M, Xu H, Tian F, Wang Z. The influence of epitaxial crystallization on the mechanical properties of a high density polyethylene/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite injection bar. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra02742g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High density polyethylene (HDPE)/reduced graphene oxide (RGO) nanocomposite bars were prepared by injection molding and the effects of RGO on the HDPE matrix were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guibin Yao
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- PR China
| | - Tianchen Duan
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- PR China
| | - Minfang An
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- PR China
| | - Haojun Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- PR China
| | - Feng Tian
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 201204
- PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Specialty Polymers
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University
- Ningbo 315211
- PR China
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An M, Lv Y, Xu H, Wang B, Wang Y, Gu Q, Wang Z. Effect of Gel Solution Concentration on the Structure and Properties of Gel-Spun Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b02116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minfang An
- Ningbo Key Laboratory
of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - You Lv
- Ningbo Key Laboratory
of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Haojun Xu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory
of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bingjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory
of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Qun Gu
- College of Material Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zongbao Wang
- Ningbo Key Laboratory
of Specialty Polymers, Faculty of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Kim G, Byun S, Yang Y, Kim S, Kwon S, Jung Y. Film shrinkage inducing strong chain entanglement in fluorinated polyimide. POLYMER 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Stoyanova N, Mincheva R, Paneva D, Manolova N, Dubois P, Rashkov I. Electrospun non-woven mats from stereocomplex between high molar mass poly(l-lactide) and poly(d-lactide)-block-poly(butylene succinate) copoly(ester urethane)s. Eur Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2012.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Masirek S, Tracz A, Talebi S, Rastogi S. A study on the appearance of extended chain fibrils of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene at melt/solid interface. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Effect of annealing on the microstructure and mechanical properties of polypropylene with oriented shish-kebab structure. POLYM INT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.3180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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15
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Na B, Tian N, Lv R, Zou S, Xu W, Fu Q. Annealing-Induced Oriented Crystallization and Its Influence on the Mechanical Responses in the Melt-Spun Monofilament of Poly(l-lactide). Macromolecules 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ma902522v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bing Na
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nana Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihua Lv
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shufen Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenfei Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Sichuan University, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
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