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Blown Composite Films of Low-Density/Linear-Low-Density Polyethylene and Silica Aerogel for Transparent Heat Retention Films and Influence of Silica Aerogel on Biaxial Properties. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15155314. [PMID: 35955248 PMCID: PMC9369760 DOI: 10.3390/ma15155314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Blown films based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) and silica aerogel (SA; 0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 wt.%) were obtained at the pilot scale. Good particle dispersion and distribution were achieved without thermo oxidative degradation. The effects of different SA contents (0.5–1.5 wt.%) were studied to prepare transparent-heat-retention LDPE/LLDPE films with improved material properties, while maintaining the optical performance. The optical characteristics of the composite films were analyzed using methods such as ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and electron microscopy. Their mechanical characteristics were examined along the machine and transverse directions (MD and TD, respectively). The MD film performance was better, and the 0.5% composition exhibited the highest stress at break. The crystallization kinetics of the LDPE/LLDPE blends and their composites containing different SA loadings were investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, which revealed that the crystallinity of LDPE/LLDPE was increased by 0.5 wt.% of well-dispersed SA acting as a nucleating agent and decreased by agglomerated SA (1–1.5 wt.%). The LDPE/LLDPE/SA (0.5–1.5 wt.%) films exhibited improved infrared retention without compromising the visible light transmission, proving the potential of this method for producing next-generation heat retention films. Moreover, these films were biaxially drawn at 13.72 MPa, and the introduction of SA resulted in lower draw ratios in both the MD and TD. Most of the results were explained in terms of changes in the biaxial crystallization caused by the process or the influence of particles on the process after a systematic experimental investigation. The issues were strongly related to the development of blown nanocomposites films as materials for the packaging industry.
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Interfacial interaction in polypropylene-natural rubber blends: role of natural rubber on morphological, rheological, and mechanical evolution. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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3
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Mazerolles T, Heuzey M, Soliman M, Martens H, Kleppinger R, Huneault M. Development of co-continuous morphology in blends of thermoplastic starch and low-density polyethylene. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 206:757-766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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4
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Bahrami S, Mizani M, Honarvar M, Noghabi MA. Low molecular weight paraffin, as phase change material, in physical and micro-structural changes of novel LLDPE/LDPE/paraffin composite pellets and films. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-017-0574-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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5
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Barczewski M, Lewandowski K, Schmidt M, Szostak M. Melt fracture and rheology of linear low density polyethylene - calcium carbonate composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Barczewski
- Institute of Materials Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Piotrowo 3 Poznań 61-138 Poznan Poland
| | - Krzysztof Lewandowski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering; University of Technology and Life Sciences in Bydgoszcz; Seminaryjna 3 Bydgoszcz 85-326 Poland
| | - Marcin Schmidt
- Institute of Materials Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Piotrowo 3 Poznań 61-138 Poznan Poland
| | - Marek Szostak
- Institute of Materials Technology; Poznan University of Technology; Piotrowo 3 Poznań 61-138 Poznan Poland
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Snijkers F, Pasquino R, Olmsted PD, Vlassopoulos D. Perspectives on the viscoelasticity and flow behavior of entangled linear and branched polymers. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2015; 27:473002. [PMID: 26558404 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/27/47/473002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We briefly review the recent advances in the rheology of entangled polymers and identify emerging research trends and outstanding challenges, especially with respect to branched polymers. Emphasis is placed on the role of well-characterized model systems, as well as the synergy of synthesis-characterization, rheometry and modeling/simulations. The theoretical framework for understanding the observed linear and nonlinear rheological phenomena is the tube model, which is critically assessed in view of its successes and shortcomings, and alternative approaches are briefly discussed. Finally, intriguing experimental findings and controversial issues that merit consistent explanation, such as shear banding instabilities, multiple stress overshoots in transient simple shear and enhanced steady-state elongational viscosity in polymer solutions, are discussed, and future directions such as branch point dynamics and anisotropic monomeric friction are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Snijkers
- FORTH, Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Heraklion, Crete 71110, Greece. CNRS/Solvay UMR 5268, Laboratoire Polymères et Matériaux Avancés, Saint-Fons 69190, France
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Khonakdar HA, Morsheidan J. Influence of long-chain branching extent in polyethylenes on molecular weight and molecular weight distribution predicted via rheological analysis. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1334-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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8
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Vicente-Alique E, Vega JF, Robledo N, Nieto J, Martínez-Salazar J. Study of the effect of the molecular architecture of the components on the melt rheological properties of polyethylene blends. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-015-0705-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Chevallier C, Becquart F, Benoit C, Majeste JC, Taha M. In the melt, grafting of polycarbonate onto polystyrene- block
-poly(ethylene-butylene)- block
-polystyrene- grafted
-maleic anhydride: Reactive extrusion. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Celine Chevallier
- Université de Lyon; F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- CNRS; UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- Université de Saint-Etienne; Jean Monnet F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Frederic Becquart
- Université de Lyon; F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- CNRS; UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- Université de Saint-Etienne; Jean Monnet F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Cyril Benoit
- Université de Lyon; F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- CNRS; UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- Université de Saint-Etienne; Jean Monnet F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Jean-Charles Majeste
- Université de Lyon; F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- CNRS; UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- Université de Saint-Etienne; Jean Monnet F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
| | - Mohamed Taha
- Université de Lyon; F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- CNRS; UMR 5223, Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères, F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
- Université de Saint-Etienne; Jean Monnet F-42023 Saint-Etienne France
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Mick RM, Shiu TY, Venerus DC. Equibiaxial elongational viscosity measurements of commercial polymer melts. POLYM ENG SCI 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M. Mick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center of Excellence in Polymer Science and Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago Illinois 60616
| | - Tai-Yi Shiu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center of Excellence in Polymer Science and Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago Illinois 60616
| | - David C. Venerus
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Center of Excellence in Polymer Science and Engineering; Illinois Institute of Technology; Chicago Illinois 60616
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Dordinejad AK, Jafari SH. Miscibility analysis in LLDPE/LDPE blends via thermorheological analysis: Correlation with branching structure. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdol Kamal Dordinejad
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering; College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran Iran
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Dordinejad AK, Jafari SH. A qualitative assessment of long chain branching content in LLDPE, LDPE and their blends via thermorheological analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdol Kamal Dordinejad
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran; Iran
| | - Seyed Hassan Jafari
- School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran; Tehran; Iran
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Ansari M, Alabbas A, Hatzikiriakos SG, Mitsoulis E. Entry Flow of Polyethylene Melts in Tapered Dies. INT POLYM PROC 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/217.2360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The excess pressure losses due to end effects (mainly entrance) in the capillary flow of several types of polyethylenes were studied both experimentally and numerically under slip and no-slip conditions. These losses were first measured as a function of the contraction angle ranging from 15° to 90°. It was found that the excess pressure loss attains a local minimum at a contraction angle of about 30° for all types of polyethylenes examined. This was found to be independent of the apparent shear rate. This minimum becomes more dominant under slip conditions that were imposed by adding a significant amount of fluoropolymer into the polymer. Numerical simulations using a multimode K-BKZ viscoelastic model have shown that the entrance pressure drops can be predicted fairly well for all cases either under slip or no-slip boundary conditions. The clear experimental minimum at about 30° can only slightly be seen in numerical simulations, and at this point its origin is unknown. Further simulations with a viscous (Cross) model have shown that they severely under-predict the entrance pressure by an order of magnitude for the more elastic melts. Thus, the viscoelastic spectrum together with the extensional viscosity play a significant role in predicting the pressure drop in contraction flows, as no viscous model could. The larger the average relaxation time and the extensional viscosity are, the higher the differences in the predictions between the K-KBZ and Cross models are.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Ansari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A. Alabbas
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - S. G. Hatzikiriakos
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - E. Mitsoulis
- School of Mining Engineering and Metallurgy, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou, Athens, Greece
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Zhang XM, Li H, Chen WX, Feng LF. Rheological properties and morphological evolutions of polypropylene/ethylene-butene copolymer blends. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Mohammadi M, Yousefi AA, Ehsani M. Thermorheological analysis of blend of high- and low-density polyethylenes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-011-9798-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Ansari M, Zisis T, Hatzikiriakos SG, Mitsoulis E. Capillary flow of low-density polyethylene. POLYM ENG SCI 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.22130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Wang Y, Yang L, Niu Y, Wang Z, Zhang J, Yu F, Zhang H. Rheological and topological characterizations of electron beam irradiation prepared long-chain branched polylactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Taglialatela Scafati S, Boragno L, Losio S, Limbo S, Castellano M, Sacchi MC, Stagnaro P. Modulation of barrier properties of monolayer films from blends of polyethylene with ethylene-co-norbornene. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Compatibilised LDPE/LLDPE/nanoclay nanocomposites: I. Structural, mechanical, and thermal properties. CAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.20377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Frederix C, Lefebvre J, Rochas C, Séguéla R, Stoclet G. Binary blends of linear ethylene copolymers over a wide crystallinity range: Rheology, crystallization, melting and structure properties. POLYMER 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2010.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sentmanat M, Stamboulides C, Hatzikiriakos SG. A novel miniature mixing device for polymeric blends and nanocomposites. POLYM ENG SCI 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.21447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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