1
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Ahmadi M, Ehrmann K, Koch T, Liska R, Stampfl J. From Unregulated Networks to Designed Microstructures: Introducing Heterogeneity at Different Length Scales in Photopolymers for Additive Manufacturing. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3978-4020. [PMID: 38546847 PMCID: PMC11009961 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Photopolymers have been optimized as protective and decorative coating materials for decades. However, with the rise of additive manufacturing technologies, vat photopolymerization has unlocked the use of photopolymers for three-dimensional objects with new material requirements. Thus, the originally highly cross-linked, amorphous architecture of photopolymers cannot match the expectations for modern materials anymore, revealing the largely unanswered question of how diverse properties can be achieved in photopolymers. Herein, we review how microstructural features in soft matter materials should be designed and implemented to obtain high performance materials. We then translate these findings into chemical design suggestions for enhanced printable photopolymers. Based on this analysis, we have found microstructural heterogenization to be the most powerful tool to tune photopolymer performance. By combining the chemical toolbox for photopolymerization and the analytical toolbox for microstructural characterization, we examine current strategies for physical heterogenization (fillers, inkjet printing) and chemical heterogenization (semicrystalline polymers, block copolymers, interpenetrating networks, photopolymerization induced phase separation) of photopolymers and put them into a material scientific context to develop a roadmap for improving and diversifying photopolymers' performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ahmadi
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Ehrmann
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Koch
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jürgen Stampfl
- Institute
of Materials Science and Technology, Technische
Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9BE, 1060 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Yu P, Chen X, Zhang D, Gao J, Ma C, Zhang C, He Z, Wang D, Miao Z. Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films on Flexible Substrates with Excellent Bending Resistance and Spacing Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:610-618. [PMID: 36541927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are very attractive due to their electrically switchable properties. However, current PDLC films still have problems such as high driving voltages, low contrast ratio (CR), and poor bending resistance and spacing stability. To solve these problems, a PDLC film with a system of coexisting polymer spacer columns and polymer network was proposed. First, based on the adhesive systems of IBMA and UV6301, the effects of IBMA concentration and LC content on the morphology of the polymer network and the electro-optical properties of PDLC were investigated, respectively. Then, the effects of the process conditions of mask polymerization such as temperature, time, and UV light intensity on the morphology and electro-optical properties of the polymer spacer columns were systematically investigated. It was found that PDLC films with the coexistence system exhibit both excellent electro-optical properties and outstanding bending resistance and spacing stability. Thus, it provides new practical possibilities for the preparation of high-performance PDLC films used in flexible devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
- State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xianliang Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Dongxia Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Jianjing Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Zemin He
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Advanced Photo-electronics Materials and Energy Conversion Device, School of Electronic Information, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, China
| | - Dong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (IOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China
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3
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Zhang R, Zhang Z, Han J, Yang L, Li J, Song Z, Wang T, Zhu J. Advanced liquid crystal-based switchable optical devices for light protection applications: principles and strategies. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2023; 12:11. [PMID: 36593244 PMCID: PMC9807646 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-01032-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
With the development of optical technologies, transparent materials that provide protection from light have received considerable attention from scholars. As important channels for external light, windows play a vital role in the regulation of light in buildings, vehicles, and aircrafts. There is a need for windows with switchable optical properties to prevent or attenuate damage or interference to the human eye and light-sensitive instruments by inappropriate optical radiation. In this context, liquid crystals (LCs), owing to their rich responsiveness and unique optical properties, have been considered among the best candidates for advanced light protection materials. In this review, we provide an overview of advances in research on LC-based methods for protection against light. First, we introduce the characteristics of different light sources and their protection requirements. Second, we introduce several classes of light modulation principles based on liquid crystal materials and demonstrate the feasibility of using them for light protection. In addition, we discuss current light protection strategies based on liquid crystal materials for different applications. Finally, we discuss the problems and shortcomings of current strategies. We propose several suggestions for the development of liquid crystal materials in the field of light protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruicong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiecai Han
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Jiajun Li
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Zicheng Song
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- School of Energy Science & Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China.
| | - Jiaqi Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150080, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro-systems and Micro-structures Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150080, China.
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4
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Yeh TY, Liu MF, Lin RD, Hwang SJ. Alcohol Selective Optical Sensor Based on Porous Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Polymer Networks. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030773. [PMID: 35164039 PMCID: PMC8838472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A responsive hydrogen-bonded cholesteric liquid crystal polymer (CLCP) film with controlled porosity was fabricated as an optical sensor to distinguish between methanol and ethanol in alcohol solutions. To facilitate responding the alcohols, porosity was generated by removing the nonreactive liquid crystal agent, and the hydrogen bridges of CLCP were broken. The sensitivities of CLCPs to ethanol and methanol were obtained by monitoring the wavelength shifts of the transmission spectrum at different alcohol concentrations and ratios of methanol/ethanol. Changes in the central wavelength of the CLCP network transmission spectrum allowed the methanol–ethanol ratio to be discriminated. A linear relationship between wavelength shift of CLCP networks and alcohol concentration was obtained experimentally, and the sensor characteristics were explored. The sensitivities of the CLCPs were 1.35 and 0.18 nm/% to ethanol and methanol, respectively. The sensing sensitivity of cholesteric networks to alcohol molecules increased as the methanol–ethanol ratio declined. Therefore, CLCP could act as a stimuli-responsive material to distinguish the concentrations of acetone and ethanol in mixed solutions. Furthermore, the impact of UV intensity for curing a CLC mixture on the sensing sensitivity to the different alcohol concentrations was also studied. The higher UV intensity could enhance the sensitivity to alcohol molecules and distinguishing ability between methanol and ethanol.
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5
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Huang J, Hu W, Yu M, Ren Y, Zhang L, Yang H. Effects of terpene alcohol dopant on the morphology and electro‐optical properties of polymer‐dispersed liquid‐crystal composite films. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Meina Yu
- Institute for Advanced Materials and Technology University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China
| | - Yunxiao Ren
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing China
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Huai Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China
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6
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Saeed MH, Zhang S, Cao Y, Zhou L, Hu J, Muhammad I, Xiao J, Zhang L, Yang H. Recent Advances in The Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Composite and Its Applications. Molecules 2020; 25:E5510. [PMID: 33255525 PMCID: PMC7727789 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) have kindled a spark of interest because of their unique characteristic of electrically controlled switching. However, some issues including high operating voltage, low contrast ratio and poor mechanical properties are hindering their practical applications. To overcome these drawbacks, some measures were taken such as molecular structure optimization of the monomers and liquid crystals, modification of PDLC and doping of nanoparticles and dyes. This review aims at detailing the recent advances in the process, preparations and applications of PDLCs over the past six years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Hassan Saeed
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Shuaifeng Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Yaping Cao
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Le Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Junmei Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; (S.Z.); (J.H.)
| | - Imran Muhammad
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Jiumei Xiao
- Department of Applied Mechanics, University of Sciences and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Lanying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
| | - Huai Yang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; (M.H.S.); (Y.C.); (L.Z.); (I.M.)
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7
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Kizhakidathazhath R, Nishikawa H, Okumura Y, Higuchi H, Kikuchi H. High-Performance Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Enabled by Uniquely Designed Acrylate Monomer. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1625. [PMID: 32707769 PMCID: PMC7466073 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread electro-optical applications of polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) are hampered by their high-driving voltage. Attempts to fabricate PDLC devices with low driving voltage sacrifice other desirable features of PDLCs. There is thus a clear need to develop a method to reduce the driving voltage without diminishing other revolutionary features of PDLCs. Herein, we report a low-voltage driven PDLC system achieved through an elegantly simple and uniquely designed acrylate monomer (A3DA) featuring a benzene moiety with a dodecyl terminal chain. The PDLC films were fabricated by the photopolymerization of mono- and di-functional acrylate monomers (19.2 wt%) mixed in a nematic liquid crystal E7 (80 wt%). The PDLC film with A3DA exhibited an abrupt decline of driving voltage by 75% (0.55 V/μm) with a high contrast ratio (16.82) while maintaining other electro-optical properties almost the same as the reference cell. The response time was adjusted to satisfactory by tuning the monomer concentration while maintaining the voltage significantly low (3 ms for a voltage of 0.98 V/μm). Confocal laser scanning microscopy confirmed the polyhedral foam texture morphology with an average mesh size of approximately 2.6 μm, which is less in comparison with the mesh size of reference PDLC (3.4 μm), yet the A3DA-PDLC showed low switching voltage. Thus, the promoted electro-optical properties are believed to be originated from the unique polymer networks formed by A3DA and its weak anchoring behavior on LCs. The present system with such a huge reduction in driving voltage and enhanced electro-optical performance opens up an excellent way for abundant perspective applications of PDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hirotsugu Kikuchi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; (H.N.); (Y.O.); (H.H.)
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8
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Zhang C, Ge Y, Huo X, Xue J, Li K, Zhang Y, Miao Z. Studies on electro‐optical properties of polymer matrix/LC/ITO nanoparticles composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of ScienceXijing University Xi'an China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of EngineeringPeking University Beijing China
| | - Yuan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of ScienceXijing University Xi'an China
| | - Xiaoping Huo
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of ScienceXijing University Xi'an China
| | - Jing Xue
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of ScienceXijing University Xi'an China
| | - Kexuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of ScienceXijing University Xi'an China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of ScienceXijing University Xi'an China
| | - Zongcheng Miao
- Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Photoelectric Materials, School of ScienceXijing University Xi'an China
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9
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Sun Y, Zhang C, Zhou L, Fang H, Huang J, Ma H, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang LY, Song P, Gao Y, Xiao J, Li F, Li K. Effect of a Polymercaptan Material on the Electro-Optical Properties of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films. Molecules 2016; 22:E43. [PMID: 28042836 PMCID: PMC6155868 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films were prepared by the ultraviolet-light-induced polymerization of photopolymerizable monomers in nematic liquid crystal/chiral dopant/thiol-acrylate reaction monomer composites. The effects of the chiral dopant and crosslinking agents on the electro-optical properties of the PDLC films were systematically investigate. While added the chiral dopant S811 into the PDLC films, the initial off-state transmittance of the films was decreased. It was found that the weight ratio among acrylate monomers, thiol monomer PETMP and the polymercaptan Capcure 3-800 showed great influence on the properties of the fabricated PDLC films because of the existence of competition between thiol-acrylate reaction and acrylate monomer polymerization reaction. While adding polymercaptans curing agent Capcure 3-800 with appropriate concentration into the PDLC system, lower driven voltage and higher contrast ratio were achieved. This made the polymer network and electro-optical properties of the PDLC films easily tunable by the introduction of the thiol monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Sun
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Department of Applied Statistics and Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Le Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Hua Fang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Haipeng Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Lan-Ying Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Yanzi Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Jiumei Xiao
- Department of Applied Mechanics, School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Fasheng Li
- College of Medical Laboratory, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Kexuan Li
- Department of Applied Statistics and Science, Xijing University, Xi'an 710123, Shaanxi Province, China.
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10
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Oh SW, Baek JM, Yoon TH. Sunlight-switchable light shutter fabricated using liquid crystals doped with push-pull azobenzene. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:26575-26582. [PMID: 27857390 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.026575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a sunlight-switchable light shutter using liquid crystal/polymer composite doped with push-pull azobenzene. The proposed light shutter is switchable between the translucent and transparent states by application of an electric field or by UV irradiation. Switching by UV irradiation is based on the change of the liquid crystal (LC) clearing point by the photo-isomerization effect of push-pull azobenzene. Under sunlight, the light shutter can be switched from the translucent to the transparent state by the nematic-isotropic phase transition of the LC domains triggered by trans-cis photo-isomerization of the push-pull azobenzene molecules. When the amount of sunlight is low because of cloud cover or when there is no sunlight at sunset, the light shutter rapidly relaxes from its transparent state back to its initial translucent state by the isotropic-nematic phase transition induced by cis-trans back-isomerization of the push-pull azobenzene molecules.
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11
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Wang H, Wang L, Xie H, Li C, Guo S, Wang M, Zou C, Yang D, Yang H. Electrically controllable microstructures and dynamic light scattering properties of liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra02516h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel electrically switchable shutters were fabricated based on liquid crystals with negative dielectric anisotropy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyue Li
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shumeng Guo
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- College of Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
- People's Republic of China
| | - Dengke Yang
- Chemical Physics Program and Liquid Crystal Institute
- Kent State University
- Kent
- USA
| | - Huai Yang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology Beijing
- Beijing 100083
- People's Republic of China
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12
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Influence of the multi-functional epoxy monomers structure on the electro-optical properties and morphology of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-1000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Chang CK, Bastiaansen CWM, Broer DJ, Kuo HL. Discrimination of Alcohol Molecules Using Hydrogen-Bridged Cholesteric Polymer Networks. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3007152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Kai Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Functional Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- Materials & Chemical Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cees W. M. Bastiaansen
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Functional Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K
| | - Dirk J. Broer
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Functional Materials and Devices, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, Netherlands
| | - Hui-Lung Kuo
- Materials & Chemical Research Laboratory, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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14
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Ohta S, Inasawa S, Yamaguchi Y. Size control of phase-separated liquid crystal droplets in a polymer matrix based on the phase diagram. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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15
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Dai M, Xiao M, Xiao P, Nie J. Solid state photopolymerization of acrylic acid at low temperature. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Ahmad F, Jamil M, Jeon YJ, Woo LJ, Jung JE, Jang JE, Lee GH, Park J. Comparative study on the electrooptical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystal films with different mixtures of monomers and liquid crystals. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.33641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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17
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Kashima M, Cao H, Meng Q, Liu H, Wang D, Li F, Yang H. The influence of crosslinking agents on the morphology and electro-optical performances of PDLC films. J Appl Polym Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/app.32101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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