Studies on structure property relationship in a polymer-clay nanocomposite film based on (PAN)8LiClO4

Graphene Oxide-Grafted Hybrid Diblock Copolymer Brush (GO-graft-PEG6k-block-P(MA-POSS)) as Nanofillers for Enhanced Lithium Ion Conductivity of PEO-Based Nanocomposite Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Nanocomposite solid polymer electrolytes (NSPEs) with PEO as the matrix and (i) GO or (ii) GO-graft-PEG_6k or (iii) GO-graft-PEG_6k-block-P(MA-POSS) as nanofillers have been fabricated to elucidate the impact of the filler morphology on the lithium ion conductivity. GO-graft-PEG_6k was obtained by grafting PEG_6k onto GO via esterification. GO-graft-PEG_6k-block-P(MA-POSS) was prepared via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed enhanced salt dissociation and complexation between the filler and PEO host that could be attributed to Lewis acid-base interactions. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed the improved ion conductivity of the fabricated NSPEs as compared with the pristine PEO-LiClO₄. As an example, at 50 °C, the ion conductivity increased to 4.01 × 10^-5 and 6.31 × 10^-5 S cm^-1 with 0.3% GO and 0.3% GO-graft-PEG_6k, respectively, from 2.36 × 10^-5 S cm^-1 of PEO-LiClO₄, suggesting that the filler with brush-like architecture (GO-graft-PEG_6k) is more efficient in enhancing the ion conductivity. Further increase in filler content resulted in lowering of the ion conductivity that could be ascribed to aggregation of the filler. The most dramatic impact on conductivity was observed with the incorporation of brush-like GO-graft-PEG_6k-block-P(MA-POSS) as a nanofiller (3.0 × 10^-4 S cm^-1 at 50 °C with 1.0 wt % filler content). The increase in ion conductivity in the current systems, as opposed to the conventional view, could not be correlated with the content of the amorphous phase of the matrix. The conduction mechanism is still unclear; nevertheless, it could be assumed that in addition to the ion conduction through the PEO matrix, the filler forms additional low-energy ion conducting channels at its interface with the matrix. The pendent POSS nanocages of GO-graft-PEG_6k-block-P(MAPOSS) might probably increase the free volume at the interface with the matrix that is associated with higher chain and ion mobility, thus further enhancing the ion conductivity as compared with GO and GO-graft-PEG_6k. The faster ion dynamics in 1.0 wt % GO-graft-PEG_6k-block-P(MAPOSS) NSPEs has also been verified by the dielectric relaxation studies. Thus, integration of both the PEG and POSS nanocages into GO-grafted brush-like architecture offers a new tool for tuning the lithium ion conductivity for potential Li ion battery applications.

IR spectroscopy of clay minerals and clay nanocomposites

Recent applications of infrared (IR) spectroscopy in research of clays and clay minerals are reviewed. After a brief description of the structures of clay minerals and basic principles of IR spectroscopy, the selected most interesting papers published in this area in 2007–2009 are discussed. The potential of both middle-IR and near-IR spectroscopy and different sampling techniques used in the investigation of clay minerals occurring on Earth and Mars is presented, including the utilisation of clay materials in the industry and in protection of the environment. Finally, the theoretical studies of the vibrational properties of the clay minerals are considered.