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Li Z, Jia C, Wan Z, Xue J, Cao J, Zhang M, Li C, Shen J, Zhang C, Li Z. Hyperbranched polymer functionalized flexible perovskite solar cells with mechanical robustness and reduced lead leakage. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6451. [PMID: 37833324 PMCID: PMC10576085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41931-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are multilayer structures. The interface between electron transport layer and perovskite is the mechanical weakest point in flexible PSCs due to its low fracture energy. Herein, we develop a highly adhesive polyamide-amine-based hyperbranched polymers to reinforce the interface. The interface fracture energy is improved from 1.08 to 2.13 J·m-2 by the hyperbranched polymers with adhesive groups and dynamic hydrogen bond networks. The polymer functionalized perovskite solar cells achieve superior power conversion efficiencies of 25.05% and 23.86% for rigid and flexible devices, respectively. Furthermore, the hyperbranched polymer contains abundant intramolecular cavities that can capture Pb2+. Pb leakage after solar cell damage is effectively suppressed. Our findings provide insights on designing adhesive interface layers towards high-efficiency, mechanical-stable and environment-friendly flexible perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 519057, China
| | - Chunmei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
| | - Junchao Cao
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 519057, China
| | - Jianghua Shen
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Aeronautical Structure Engineering, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Application, Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Its Engineering Applications, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China.
- School of Civil Aviation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China.
| | - Zhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
- Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 519057, China.
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High performance hydrogel electrodes based on sodium alginate-g-poly(AM-c o-ECA-co-AMPS for supercapacitor application. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 218:420-430. [PMID: 35872319 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.07.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical conductive hydrogels are being extensively explored in the fabrication of portable batteries and high-performance supercapacitors. Herein, the rational design of a new polyanionic electrically conductive hydrogels based on sodium alginate-g-poly(AM-co-ECA-co-AMPS) are described. rGO was incorporated into the hydrogel during the polymerization process generating rGO@ sodium alginate-g-poly(AM-co-ECA-co-AMPS) composite hydrogels to study the impact of rGO on the performance of the hydrogels. FT-IR, XRD, and SEM-EDX characterized the chemical composition, crystalline, and morphological structure of the new synthesized hydrogels. The electrochemical performance of as-synthesized hydrogels was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic, charge-discharge rate, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The supercapacitor performance for ECH2.5 composite hydrogel showed a capacitance of 753 F. g-1 at 1 A. g-1 with good rate capability and cycling stability up to 5000 cycles. Thus, ECH2.5 hydrogel is a good candidate as electrode material in supercapacitor applications.
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Salama A, Mohamed F, Hesemann P. Preparation and dielectric relaxation of a novel ionocellulose derivative. CARBOHYDRATE POLYMER TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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El-Mehalawy N, Awaad M, Turky G, Ali-Bik MW, Abd El Rahim SH, Naga S. Self-glazing dielectric ceramic bodies fabricated from Egyptian rhyodacite and kaolin. MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 2021; 270:124785. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.124785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Youssef AM, Hasanin MS, El-Aziz MEA, Turky GM. Conducting chitosan/hydroxylethyl cellulose/polyaniline bionanocomposites hydrogel based on graphene oxide doped with Ag-NPs. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:1435-1444. [PMID: 33202266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The current work focuses on a cheap and simple preparation of highly conducting chitosan/hydroxyl ethylcellulose/polyaniline loaded with graphene oxide doped by silver nanoparticles (CS/HEC/PAni/GO@Ag) bionanocomposite as a biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel for energy storage technology. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) displays the compatibility of chitosan, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, and polyaniline and a good distribution of GO@Ag-NPs in bionanocomposite hydrogels. X-ray diffraction (XRD) displayed the structure and existence of GO@Ag-NPs in the matrix. The swelling percentage and the antibacterial activities slightly increased with raising the content of GO@Ag-NPs. Also, the presence of both chitosan and cellulose improves the biodegradation of the fabricated bionanocomposites, which is increased by adding GO. Moreover, the incorporation of 5% GO@Ag-NPs in hydrogels enhances dc-conductivity by about 25 times from 3.37 × 10-3 to 8.53 × 10-2 S/cm. The fabricated hydrogels are inexpensive, eco-friendly, and have high capacitance and permittivity, and so they can store electrical energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
| | - M S Hasanin
- Cellulose and Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - M E Abd El-Aziz
- Polymers and Pigments Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St. Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - G M Turky
- Department of Microwave Physics & Dielectrics, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouthst, Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt
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Mohamed F, Hameed TA, Abdelghany AM, Turky G. Structure–dynamic properties relationships in poly(ethylene oxide)/silicon dioxide nanocomposites: dielectric relaxation study. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-020-03368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Based Hydrogel: Dielectric Study, Antimicrobial Activity and Biocompatibility. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-04655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Dynamic processes and charge carriers transport in polyvinyl acetate–polyaniline composites. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Azab AA, Mansour AM, Turky GM. Structural, Magnetic, and Dielectric properties of Sr 4Fe 6O 13 ferrite prepared of small crystallites. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4955. [PMID: 32188887 PMCID: PMC7080713 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A stable Sr4Fe6O13 was prepared as small crystallites by auto-combustion of a sol-gel in air followed by annealing the later at pertinent temperatures. A green sample, as annealed at elevated temperatures, yields a single Sr4Fe6O13 phase of tailored magnetic properties. The structural, morphological, magnetic and electrical properties were investigated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer, and broadband dielectric spectrometer. Hard magnetic Sr4Fe6O13 properties arise with saturation magnetization Ms = 12.4 emu/g, coercivity Hc = 3956.7 Oe and squareness 0.512. Studies made at low temperatures reveals Ms decreasing on increasing temperature from 17.5 emu/g at 85 K down to 12.4 emu/g at 305 K, while Hc rises from 1483 Oe at 85 K to 1944 Oe at 305 K. The ac-conductivity follows the Jonscher relation. The dc-conductivity at high temperatures/low frequencies exhibits a plateau and it depends linearly on a characteristic frequency according to the Barton-Nakajima-Namikawa) relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Azab
- Solid State Electronics Laboratory, Solid State Physics Department, Physical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
| | - A M Mansour
- Solid State Electronics Laboratory, Solid State Physics Department, Physical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | - G M Turky
- Microwave Physics & Dielectrics Department, Physical Research Division, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
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Badia J, Teruel-Juanes R, Acebo C, Gil-Castell O, Serra A, Ribes-Greus A. Dielectric spectroscopy of novel thiol-ene/epoxy thermosets obtained from allyl-modified hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine) and diglycidylether of bisphenol A. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Study of Hyperbranched Poly(ethyleneimine) Polymers of Different Molecular Weight and Their Interaction with Epoxy Resin. MATERIALS 2018. [PMID: 29522480 PMCID: PMC5872989 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Two different commercial hyperbranched poly(ethyleneimine)s (HBPEI), with molecular weights (MW) of 800 and 25,000 g/mol, and denoted as PEI800 and PEI25000, respectively, as well as the mixtures with a Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin, have been studied using thermal analysis techniques (DSC, TGA), dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Only a single glass transition is observed in these mixtures by DSC. DRS of the HBPEIs shows three dipolar relaxations: γ, β, and α. The average activation energy for the γ-relaxation is similar for all HBPEIs and is associated with the motion of the terminal groups. The β-relaxation has the same average activation energy for both PEI800 and PEI25000; this relaxation is attributed to the mobility of the branches. The α-relaxation peak for all the HBPEIs is an asymmetric peak with a shoulder on the high temperature side. This shoulder suggests the existence of ionic charge trapped in the PEI. For the mixtures, the γ- and β-relaxations follow the behaviour of the epoxy resin alone, indicating that the epoxy resin dominates the molecular mobility. The α-relaxation by DRS is observed only as a shoulder, as a consequence of an overlap with conductivity effects, whereas by DMA, it is a clear peak.
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Mahani R, Atia F, Al Neklawy MM, Fahem A. Dielectric spectroscopy study of water hyacinth collected from different media. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 191:352-356. [PMID: 29055753 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) study has been shown that the water hyacinth plant is an effective tool for the removals of heavy metals (As, Ba, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Zn and Zr) and metal oxides (SiO2, K2O, CaO, Al2O3, Fe2O3, MgO, Na2O, MnO, P2O5, SO3 and TiO2) from agriculture (media 1) and agriculture wastewaters drainage polluted with municipal wastewater (media 2). As a general description, the heavy metals and metal oxides were found at higher levels in the plant collected from media 1 than those in the plant collected from media 2. Similarly, these pollutants were found at higher levels in the plant roots than those in the plant shoots. The dielectric properties were investigated for the plant samples before (control) and after treating by microwave heating power. They were found at higher values in the control roots than those in the control shoots. Furthermore, the properties were found at relatively higher values in the control roots collected from media 1 (ε'=13 at 103Hz) than those in the control roots collected from media 2 (ε'=9 at 103Hz). The electrical conductivity of the microwave treated samples remarkably increased due to appearance of OH group through which the plant interacts with heavy metals. Accordingly, the pollutants removing ability could be enhanced upon treating the plant by microwave heating power. The plant-pollutant mixture behaves like highly conductive disordered polymers. The conductivity and dielectric properties of all plant samples are dominated by the media and concentration of pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragab Mahani
- Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Dept., National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth st. (former EL Tahrir st.), Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt.
| | - Fatma Atia
- Spectroscopy Dept., National Research Centre, 33 EL Bohouth st. (former EL Tahrir st.), Giza, P.O. 12622, Egypt
| | | | - Amin Fahem
- Physics Dept., Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, P.O. 11795, Egypt
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Polyaniline/Polystyrene Blends: In-Depth Analysis of the Effect of Sulfonic Acid Dopant Concentration on AC Conductivity Using Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. INT J POLYM SCI 2018. [DOI: 10.1155/2018/1416531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work presents an in-depth analysis of the alternating current (AC) conductivity of polyaniline-polystyrene (PANI-PS) blends doped with camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) and prepared using an in situ dispersion polymerization technique. We prepared the blends using fixed ratios of PS to PANI while varying the concentration of the CSA dopant. The AC conductivity of the blends was investigated using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. Increasing CSA resulted in a decrease in the AC conductivity of the blends. This behaviour was explained in terms of the availability of a lone pair of electrons of the NH groups in the polyaniline, which are typically attacked by the electron-withdrawing sulfonic acid groups of CSA. The conductivity is discussed in terms of changes in the dielectric permittivity storage (ε′), loss (ε′′), and modulus (M′′) of the blends over a wide range of temperatures. This is linked to the glass transition temperature of the PANI. Dielectric spectra at low frequencies indicated the presence of pronounced Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) interfacial polarization, especially in samples with a low concentration of CSA. Electrical conduction activation energies for the blends were also calculated using the temperature dependence of the direct current (DC) conductivity at a low frequency (σdc), which exhibit an Arrhenius behaviour with respect to temperature. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a fibrous morphology for the pure PANI, while the blends showed agglomeration with increasing CSA concentrations.
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Omara SS, Turky G, Ghoneim A, Thünemann AF, Abdel Rehim MH, Schönhals A. Hyperbranched poly(amidoamine)/kaolinite nanocomposites: Structure and charge carrier dynamics. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Molecular Mobility in Hyperbranched Polymers and Their Interaction with an Epoxy Matrix. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9030192. [PMID: 28773319 PMCID: PMC5456660 DOI: 10.3390/ma9030192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mobility related to the glass transition and secondary relaxations in a hyperbranched polyethyleneimine, HBPEI, and its relaxation behaviour when incorporated into an epoxy resin matrix are investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Three systems are analysed: HBPEI, epoxy and an epoxy/HBPEI mixture, denoted ELP. The DRS behaviour is monitored in the ELP system in three stages: prior to curing, during curing, and in the fully cured system. In the stage prior to curing, DRS measurements show three dipolar relaxations: γ, β and α, for all systems (HBPEI, epoxy and ELP). The α-relaxation for the ELP system deviates significantly from that for HBPEI, but superposes on that for the epoxy resin. The fully cured thermoset displays both β- and α-relaxations. In DMA measurements, both α- and β-relaxations are observed in all systems and in both the uncured and fully cured systems, similar to the behaviour identified by DRS.
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Mohamed F, Hofmann M, Pötzschner B, Fatkullin N, Rössler EA. Dynamics of PPI Dendrimers: A Study by Dielectric and 2H NMR Spectroscopy and by Field-Cycling 1H NMR Relaxometry. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Mohamed
- Experimentalphysik
II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M. Hofmann
- Experimentalphysik
II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - B. Pötzschner
- Experimentalphysik
II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - N. Fatkullin
- Institute
of Physics, Kazan Federal University, Kazan 420008, Tatarstan Russia
| | - E. A. Rössler
- Experimentalphysik
II, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Adrjanowicz K, Kaminski K, Dulski M, Jasiurkowska-Delaporte M, Kolodziejczyk K, Jarek M, Bartkowiak G, Hawelek L, Jurga S, Paluch M. Dynamic Glass Transition and Electrical Conductivity Behavior Dominated by Proton Hopping Mechanism Studied in the Family of Hyperbranched Bis-MPA Polyesters. Macromolecules 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/ma5006155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - K. Kaminski
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian
Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - M. Dulski
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian
Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | | | - K. Kolodziejczyk
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian
Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | | | - G. Bartkowiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University, Umultowska 89b, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - L. Hawelek
- Institute of Non
Ferrous Metals, ul. Sowinskiego 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - M. Paluch
- Institute
of Physics, University of Silesia, ul. Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
- Silesian
Center of Education and Interdisciplinary Research, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty 1A, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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Hensel-Bielowka S, Wojnarowska Z, Knapik J, Paluch M. New insight into relaxation dynamics of an epoxy/hydroxy functionalized polybutadiene from dielectric and mechanical spectroscopy studies. Colloid Polym Sci 2014; 292:1853-1862. [PMID: 25100898 PMCID: PMC4115185 DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3254-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dielectric and mechanical spectroscopy methods have been employed to describe the temperature dependencies of the segmental and macromolecular relaxation rates in epoxy/hydroxy functionalized polybutadiene. Dielectric studies on the dynamics of segments of the polymer as well as the mobility of small ions trapped in the system have been carried out both as a function of temperature and pressure under isobaric and isothermal conditions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hensel-Bielowka
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Z Wojnarowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - J Knapik
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia, Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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20
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Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs) exhibit unique features such as low melting points, low vapor pressures, wide liquidus temperature ranges, high thermal stability, high ionic conductivity, and wide electrochemical windows. As a result, they show promise for use in variety of applications: as reaction media, in batteries and supercapacitors, in solar and fuel cells, for electrochemical deposition of metals and semiconductors, for protein extraction and crystallization, and many others. Because of the ease with which they can be supercooled, ionic liquids offer new opportunities to investigate long-standing questions regarding the nature of the dynamic glass transition and its possible link to charge transport. Despite the significant steps achieved from experimental and theoretical studies, no generally accepted quantitative theory of dynamic glass transition to date has been capable of reproducing all the experimentally observed features. In this Account, we discuss recent studies of the interplay between charge transport and glassy dynamics in ionic liquids as investigated by a combination of several experimental techniques including broadband dielectric spectroscopy, pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic mechanical spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. Based on Einstein-Smoluchowski relations, we use dielectric spectra of ionic liquids to determine diffusion coefficients in quantitative agreement with independent pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance measurements, but spanning a broader range of more than 10 orders of magnitude. This approach provides a novel opportunity to determine the electrical mobility and effective number density of charge carriers as well as their types of thermal activation from the measured dc conductivity separately. We also unravel the origin of the remarkable universality of charge transport in different classes of glass-forming ionic liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. Sangoro
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friedrich Kremer
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, University of Leipzig, Linnéstr. 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Turky GM, Ghoneim AM, Kyritsis A, Raftopoulos K, Moussa MA. Dielectric dynamics of some nylon 6/CaCO3 composites using broadband dielectric spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/app.34166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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