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Aniagbaoso KI, Król M, Ruokolainen J, Bousquet A, Save M, Rubatat L. Improved Solid Electrolyte Conductivity via Macromolecular Self-Assembly: From Linear to Star Comb-like P(S- co-BzMA)- b-POEGA Block Copolymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:15998-16008. [PMID: 36940251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Star block copolymer electrolytes with a lithium-ion conducting phase are investigated in the present work to assess the influence of this complex architecture compared to that of the linear one, on both, bulk morphology and ionic conductivity. For that purpose, the controlled synthesis of a series of poly(styrene-co-benzyl methacrylate)-b-poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate] [P(S-co-BzMA)-b-POEGA] block copolymers (BCPs) by reversible addition-fragmentation transfer polymerization was performed from either a monofunctional or a tetrafunctional chain transfer agent containing trithiocarbonate groups. We emphasized how a small amount of styrene (6 mol %) drastically improved the control of the RAFT polymerization of benzyl methacrylate mediated by the tetrafunctional chain transfer agent. Transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering demonstrated a clear segregation of the BCPs in the presence of lithium salt. Interestingly, the star BCPs gave rise to highly ordered lamellar structures as compared to that of the linear analogues. Consequently, the reduced lamellae tortuosity of self-assembled star BCPs improved the lithium conductivity by more than 8 times at 30 °C for ∼30 wt % of the POEGA conductive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Król
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo FIN 00076, Finland
| | - Janne Ruokolainen
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo FIN 00076, Finland
| | - Antoine Bousquet
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
| | - Maud Save
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
| | - Laurent Rubatat
- Universite de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S UPPA, CNRS, IPREM, Pau 64053, France
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Abstract
Electrolytes and the associated interphases constitute the critical components to support the emerging battery chemistries that promise tantalizing energy but involve drastic phase and structure complications. Designing better electrolytes and interphases holds the key to the success of these batteries. As the only component that interfaces with every other component in the device, an electrolyte must satisfy multiple criteria simultaneously. These include transporting ions while insulating electrons between the electrodes and maintaining stability against electrodes of extreme chemical natures: the strongly oxidative cathode and the strongly reductive anode. In most advanced batteries, the two electrodes operate at potentials far beyond the thermodynamic stability limits of electrolytes, so the stability therein has to be realized kinetically through an interphase formed from the sacrificial reactions between electrolyte and electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shirley Meng
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Argonne Collaborative Center for Energy Storage Science (ACCESS), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Kang Xu
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.,Battery Science Branch, Energy Science Division, US Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (CCDC) Research Laboratory, Adelphi Laboratory Center, MD 20783, USA
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3
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Grundy LS, Fu S, Galluzzo MD, Balsara NP. The Effect of Annealing on the Grain Structure and Ionic Conductivity of Block Copolymer Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena S. Grundy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Sean Fu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
- Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
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4
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Xu H, Mahanthappa MK. Ionic Conductivities of Broad Dispersity Lithium Salt-Doped Polystyrene/Poly(ethylene oxide) Triblock Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mahesh K. Mahanthappa
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue Southeast, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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5
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Spakowitz AJ. Polymer physics across scales: Modeling the multiscale behavior of functional soft materials and biological systems. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:230902. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5126852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Spakowitz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Biophysics Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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6
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Kambe Y, Arges CG, Czaplewski DA, Dolejsi M, Krishnan S, Stoykovich MP, de Pablo JJ, Nealey PF. Role of Defects in Ion Transport in Block Copolymer Electrolytes. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:4684-4691. [PMID: 31250653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ion conducting block copolymers can overcome traditional limitations of homopolymer electrolytes by phase separating into nanoarchitectures that can be simultaneously optimized for two or more orthogonal material properties such as high ionic conductivity and mechanical stability. A key challenge in understanding the ion transport properties of these materials is the difficulty of extracting structure-function relationships without having complete knowledge of all nanoscale transport pathways in bulk samples. Here we demonstrate a method for deriving structure-transport relationships for ion conducting block copolymers using thin films and interdigitated electrodes. Well-defined and directly imaged structure in films of poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) is controlled using techniques of directed self-assembly then the poly(2-vinylpyridine) is selectively converted into an ion conductor. The ion conductivity is found to be directly proportional to the total number of connected paths between electrodes and the path length. A single defect such as a dislocation anywhere in the path of an ion conducting route disconnects and precludes that pathway from contributing to the conductivity and results in an increase in the dielectric parameter of the film. When all the ion conduction pathways are blocked between electrodes, the conductivity is negligible, 4 orders of magnitude lower compared to a completely connected morphology and the dielectric parameter increases by a factor of 50. These results have profound implications for the interpretation, design, and processing of block copolymer electrolytes for applications as ion conducting membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kambe
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Ave nue, Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Christopher G Arges
- Cain Department of Chemical Engineering , Louisiana State University , Baton Rouge , Louisiana 70803 , United States
| | - David A Czaplewski
- Center for Nanoscale Materials , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Moshe Dolejsi
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Ave nue, Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Satya Krishnan
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Mark P Stoykovich
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
| | - Juan J de Pablo
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Ave nue, Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Paul F Nealey
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering , University of Chicago , 5640 S. Ellis Avenue , Chicago , Illinois 60637 , United States
- Center for Molecular Engineering, Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 S. Cass Ave nue, Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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7
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Schneider LY, Müller M. Engineering Scale Simulation of Nonequilibrium Network Phases for Battery Electrolytes. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ludwig Y. Schneider
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcus Müller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität, Göttingen, Germany
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8
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Li X, Loo WS, Jiang X, Wang X, Galluzzo MD, Mongcopa KI, Wang AA, Balsara NP, Garetz BA. Confined versus Unconfined Crystallization in Block Copolymer/Salt Mixtures Studied by Depolarized Light Scattering. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuhong Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Whitney S. Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
| | - Michael D. Galluzzo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Katrina I. Mongcopa
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Andrew A. Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Bruce A. Garetz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, New York 11201, United States
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9
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Borreguero JM, Pincus PA, Sumpter BG, Goswami M. Dynamics of Charged Species in Ionic-Neutral Block Copolymer and Surfactant Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2017. [PMID: 28636369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b05047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Structure-property relationships of ionic block copolymer (BCP) surfactant complexes are critical toward the progress of favorable engineering design of efficient charge-transport materials. In this article, molecular dynamics simulations are used to understand the dynamics of charged-neutral BCP and surfactant complexes. The dynamics are examined for two different systems: charged-neutral double-hydrophilic and hydrophobic-hydrophilic block copolymers with oppositely charged surfactant moieties. The dynamics of the surfactant head, tails, and charges are studied for five different BCP volume fractions. We observe that the dynamics of the different species solely depend on the balance between electrostatic and entropic interactions between the charged species and the neutral monomers. The favorable hydrophobic-hydrophobic interactions and the unfavorable hydrophobic-hydrophilic interactions determine the mobilities of the monomers. The dynamical properties of the charge species influence complex formation. Structural relaxations exhibit length-scale dependent behavior, with slower relaxation at the radius of gyration length-scale and faster relaxation at the segmental length-scale, consistent with previous results. The dynamical analysis correlates ion-exchange kinetics to the self-assembly behavior of the complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Borreguero
- Neutron Data Analysis & Visualization, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Philip A Pincus
- Department of Material Science, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Monojoy Goswami
- Center for Nanophase Material Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States.,Computer Science and Mathematics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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10
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Wang X, Li X, Loo W, Newstein MC, Balsara NP, Garetz BA. Depolarized Scattering from Block Copolymer Grains Using Circularly Polarized Light. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Whitney Loo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | | | - Nitash P. Balsara
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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