1
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Chebbi R. Dynamics of Thermocapillary-Driven Motion of Liquid Drops. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:37196-37201. [PMID: 37841147 PMCID: PMC10568692 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The thermocapillary migration of a drop placed on a solid plate is examined. The Brochard model using the lubrication approximation provides both Marangoni and Poiseuille flow components. The present 2D model extends Brochard analysis and provides a solution for the dynamics of drop migration using extended boundary conditions at the advancing and receding contact lines to account for both Marangoni and Poiseuille flow components, derived approximate drop profiles, and conservation of mass. The model is analytical, and the results are presented in a dimensionless form. The effects of the temperature gradient, surface tension coefficient to surface tension ratio, liquid viscosity, and static advancing and receding contact angles on migration dynamics are analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachid Chebbi
- Department of Chemical and
Biological Engineering, American University
of Sharjah, Sharjah 26666, United Arab
Emirates
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2
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Usgaonkar SS, Ellison CJ, Kumar S. Controlling Surface Deformation and Feature Aspect Ratio in Photochemically Induced Marangoni Patterning of Polymer Films. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:7400-7412. [PMID: 35671396 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin liquid polymer films can be topographically patterned when polymer/air interfaces are deformed by surface-tension gradients. Toward this end, a recently developed method first photochemically patterns surface-tension gradients along a solid, flat polymer film. On heating to the liquid state, the film initially develops topography reflecting the patterned surface-tension gradients. But capillary leveling and diffusion of the photoproduct oppose this causing the features to eventually decay back to a flat film upon extended thermal annealing. Intuitively, this interplay between competing mechanisms sets a limit on the maximum film deformation during the process. Prior studies show that the initial film thickness, photomask periodicity, and amount of photochemical conversion significantly affect the maximum film deformation. Here, we use a model based on lubrication theory to develop additional insights into this observation. We identify two regimes, capillary-leveling-dominated and photoproduct-diffusion-dominated, wherein the respective dominant mechanism determines the maximum film deformation that can be additionally related to various experimental parameters. Scaling laws for the variation of maximum film deformation and aspect ratio with film thickness and surface-tension pattern periodicity are also developed. Complementary experiments show good agreement with model predictions. Insights into the effect of surface-tension pattern asymmetry on the maximum film deformation are also provided. These findings reveal mechanistic detail and fundamental principles that are useful for controlling the process to form target patterns of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shenvi Usgaonkar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J Ellison
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Satish Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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3
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Prezgot D, Tatarchuk SW, Ianoul A. Plasmonic color generation in silver nanocrystal‐over‐mirror films by thermal embedment into a polymer spacer. NANO SELECT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202100340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prezgot
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University Ottawa Canada
| | | | - Anatoli Ianoul
- Department of Chemistry Carleton University Ottawa Canada
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4
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Kovacevich DA, Ma T, Gamboa AR, Nitzsche MP, Saro-Cortes V, Davis E, Singer JP. Thermocapillary dewetting-based dynamic spatial light modulator. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3721-3724. [PMID: 34329265 DOI: 10.1364/ol.429994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic spatial light modulators (SLMs) are capable of precisely modulating a beam of light by tuning the phase or intensity of an array of pixels in parallel. They can be utilized in applications ranging from image projection to beam front aberration and microscopic particle manipulation with optical tweezers. However, conventional dynamic SLMs are typically incompatible with high-power sources, as they contain easily damaged optically absorbing components. To address this, we present an SLM that utilizes a viscous film with a local thickness controlled via thermocapillary dewetting. The film is reflowable and can cycle through different patterns, representing, to the best of our knowledge, the first steps towards a dynamic optical device based on the thermocapillary dewetting mechanism.
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5
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Leniart A, Pula P, Sitkiewicz A, Majewski PW. Macroscopic Alignment of Block Copolymers on Silicon Substrates by Laser Annealing. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4805-4815. [PMID: 32159943 PMCID: PMC7497666 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Laser annealing is a competitive alternative to conventional oven annealing of block copolymer (BCP) thin films enabling rapid acceleration and precise spatial control of the self-assembly process. Localized heating by a moving laser beam (zone annealing), taking advantage of steep temperature gradients, can additionally yield aligned morphologies. In its original implementation it was limited to specialized germanium-coated glass substrates, which absorb visible light and exhibit low-enough thermal conductivity to facilitate heating at relatively low irradiation power density. Here, we demonstrate a recent advance in laser zone annealing, which utilizes a powerful fiber-coupled near-IR laser source allowing rapid BCP annealing over a large area on conventional silicon wafers. The annealing coupled with photothermal shearing yields macroscopically aligned BCP films, which are used as templates for patterning metallic nanowires. We also report a facile method of transferring laser-annealed BCP films onto arbitrary surfaces. The transfer process allows patterning substrates with a highly corrugated surface and single-step rapid fabrication of multilayered nanomaterials with complex morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Przemyslaw Pula
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02089, Poland
| | | | - Pawel W. Majewski
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, 02089, Poland
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6
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Rubin S, Hong B, Fainman Y. Subnanometer imaging and controlled dynamical patterning of thermocapillary driven deformation of thin liquid films. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:77. [PMID: 31645923 PMCID: PMC6804570 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0190-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exploring and controlling the physical factors that determine the topography of thin liquid dielectric films are of interest in manifold fields of research in physics, applied mathematics, and engineering and have been a key aspect of many technological advancements. Visualization of thin liquid dielectric film topography and local thickness measurements are essential tools for characterizing and interpreting the underlying processes. However, achieving high sensitivity with respect to subnanometric changes in thickness via standard optical methods is challenging. We propose a combined imaging and optical patterning projection platform that is capable of optically inducing dynamical flows in thin liquid dielectric films and plasmonically resolving the resulting changes in topography and thickness. In particular, we employ the thermocapillary effect in fluids as a novel heat-based method to tune plasmonic resonances and visualize dynamical processes in thin liquid dielectric films. The presented results indicate that light-induced thermocapillary flows can form and translate droplets and create indentation patterns on demand in thin liquid dielectric films of subwavelength thickness and that plasmonic microscopy can image these fluid dynamical processes with a subnanometer sensitivity along the vertical direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimon Rubin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92023 USA
| | - Brandon Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92023 USA
| | - Yeshaiahu Fainman
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA 92023 USA
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7
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Elashnikov R, Háša J, Děkanovský L, Otta J, Fitl P, Švorčík V, Lyutakov O. Application of Plasmon-Induced Lithography for Creation of a Residual-Free Pattern and Simple Surface Modifications. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:5534-5539. [PMID: 31459713 PMCID: PMC6648495 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b03039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Here, we propose a plasmon-induced redistribution of a thin polymer layer as a unique way for a residual layer-free lithographic approach. In particular, we demonstrate an ultrafast area-selective fabrication method using a low-intensity visible laser irradiation to direct the polymer mass flow, under the plasmon-active substrates. Plasmon-supported substrates were created by thermal annealing of Ag thin films and covered by thin polystyrene layers. Then, laser beam writing (LBW) was applied to introduce a surface tension gradient through the local plasmon heating. As a result, polystyrene was completely removed from the irradiated place, without any residual layer. The proposed approach does not require any additional development steps, such as solvent or plasma treatment. To demonstrate the advantages of the proposed technique, we implemented the LBW-patterned structures for further spatially selective surface functionalization, including the metal deposition, spontaneous thiol grafting, and electrochemical deposition of ordered polypyrrole array.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Elashnikov
- Department
of Solid State Engineering and Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaromír Háša
- Department
of Solid State Engineering and Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Děkanovský
- Department
of Solid State Engineering and Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Otta
- Department
of Solid State Engineering and Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Přemysl Fitl
- Department
of Solid State Engineering and Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Švorčík
- Department
of Solid State Engineering and Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Oleksiy Lyutakov
- Department
of Solid State Engineering and Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, 16628 Prague, Czech Republic
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8
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Mokbel M, Schwarzenberger K, Aland S, Eckert K. Information transmission by Marangoni-driven relaxation oscillations at droplets. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:9250-9262. [PMID: 30418455 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01720d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Marangoni-driven relaxation oscillations can be observed in many systems where concentration gradients of surface-active substances exist. In the present paper, we describe the experimentally observed coupling between relaxation oscillations at neighboring droplets in a concentration gradient. By a numerical parameter study, we evaluate the oscillation characteristics depending on relevant material parameters and the pairwise droplet distance. Based on these findings, we demonstrate that hydrodynamic interaction in multidroplet configurations can lead to a synchronization of the oscillations over the whole ensemble. This effect has the potential to be used as a novel approach for information transmission in microfluidic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Mokbel
- Faculty of Informatics/Mathematics, HTW Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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9
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Elashnikov R, Trelin A, Otta J, Fitl P, Mares D, Jerabek V, Svorcik V, Lyutakov O. Laser patterning of transparent polymers assisted by plasmon excitation. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:4860-4865. [PMID: 29850723 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00418h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Plasmon-assisted lithography of thin transparent polymer films, based on polymer mass-redistribution under plasmon excitation, is presented. The plasmon-supported structures were prepared by thermal annealing of thin Ag films sputtered on glass or glass/graphene substrates. Thin films of polymethylmethacrylate, polystyrene and polylactic acid were then spin-coated on the created plasmon-supported structures. Subsequent laser beam writing, at the wavelength corresponding to the position of plasmon absorption, leads to mass redistribution and patterning of the thin polymer films. The prepared structures were characterized using UV-Vis spectroscopy and confocal and AFM microscopy. The shape of the prepared structures was found to be strongly dependent on the substrate type. The mechanism leading to polymer patterning was examined and attributed to the plasmon-heating. The proposed method makes it possible to create different patterns in polymer films without the need for wet technological stages, powerful light sources or a change in the polymer optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Elashnikov
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic.
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10
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Nazaripoor H, Koch CR, Sadrzadeh M. Enhanced Electrically Induced Micropatterning of Confined Thin Liquid Films: Thermocapillary Role and Its Limitations. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b02814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Nazaripoor
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Charles R. Koch
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
| | - Mohtada Sadrzadeh
- Department of Mechanical
Engineering, 10-367 Donadeo Innovation Center for Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1H9, Canada
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