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Hallit S, Assi TB, Hallit R, Salameh P. Allergic diseases, smoking, and environmental exposure among university students in Lebanon. J Asthma 2017; 55:35-42. [PMID: 28296532 DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2017.1306075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoking habits among university students in Lebanon are not clearly identified, and studies correlating these habits to asthma and allergic diseases are lacking. The primary objective of this study is to assess asthma and allergic diseases' predictors, particularly cigarette and/or waterpipe smoking and other environmental exposures, among university students. A second objective is to evaluate the potential role of these predictors as correlates of health-related self-assessment. METHODS A cross-sectional study, using a proportionate cluster sample of 3000 Lebanese students in both public and private universities, was conducted between January 2015 and December 2015. RESULTS The number of smokers at home, living close to an electricity generator and exposure to sand and dust significantly increased the odds of having asthma or allergic diseases (p = 0.015; OR = 1.183; p = 0.01; OR = 2.062; p = 0.001; OR = 3.558 respectively). Having tried cigarette smoking and having an air conditioner inside the means of transportation would decrease the odds of having asthma or allergic diseases by around 68% and 56.1% respectively (p = 0.009; ORa = 0.320; p = 0.01; ORa = 0.439 respectively). CONCLUSION Although students with asthma or allergic diseases tended to avoid all identifiable atopic risk factors, lesser known environmental factors such as living close to an electricity generator, exposure to sand and dust, and exposure to car exhaust fumes were associated with a higher risk of asthma and a decrease in health related self-assessment. Students with asthma and allergic diseases smoked cigarettes and waterpipe at similar percentages, but cigarette smokers had a lower health related self-assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souheil Hallit
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Lebanese University , Hadath , Lebanon.,b School of Pharmacy , Saint Joseph University , Beirut , Lebanon.,c Faculty of Medicine , Universite Saint Esprit Kaslik , Kaslik , Lebanon.,d Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross , Jal Eddib , Lebanon.,e Occupational Health Environment Research Team , U1219 BPH Bordeaux Population Health Research Center Inserm-Université de Bordeaux
| | - Tarek Bou Assi
- d Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross , Jal Eddib , Lebanon
| | - Rabih Hallit
- c Faculty of Medicine , Universite Saint Esprit Kaslik , Kaslik , Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , Lebanese University , Hadath , Lebanon.,f Faculty of Medicine , Lebanese University , Beirut , Lebanon
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Ngoh ASH, Chen ZJ, Tai BC, Teo SSH, Tan NC. Smoking literacy amongst adult Asian asthma patients in primary care. PROCEEDINGS OF SINGAPORE HEALTHCARE 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/2010105817704672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Smoking is a known trigger of asthma exacerbation. Yet some patients with asthma continue to smoke. Little is known about their smoking literacy, which is defined as an individual’s capacity to comprehend and use healthcare information relating to smoking. This study aimed to determine the level of smoking literacy amongst patients with asthma, who were smokers (S) and non-smokers (NS). Methods: Standardised questionnaires were administered by trained research assistants to adult multi-ethnic Asian patients with asthma, who were managed in three public primary care clinics (polyclinics) in Singapore. Demographic data and information on a subject’s understanding and effects of smoking on health and complications were collected. The latter were computed into knowledge scores and the mean scores between S and NS were compared using the independent two-sample t-test with adjustment for potential confounders via multiple linear regression. Results: A total of 174 S and 183 NS were recruited with a higher proportion of younger male S. Overall, the knowledge score for S was significantly lower than NS (absolute mean difference (AMD) = −0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.58 to −0.33, p = 0.003). This was particularly for smoking associated specific respiratory disease (AMD = −0.23, 95% CI −0.44 to −0.02, p =0.034) and asthma symptoms (AMD = −0.73, 95% CI −0.98 to −0.47, p < 0.001). The differences persisted after adjusting for other important factors such as gender and education level. Conclusions: Compared with NS, S generally reported lower scores in their overall knowledge, and the knowledge in the association between smoking and specific respiratory diseases and asthma symptoms. Smoker patients may require measures to raise their smoking literacy during the counselling to optimise their smoking cessation success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhao Jin Chen
- Investigational Medicine Unit, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Bee Choo Tai
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Ngiap Chuan Tan
- SingHealth Polyclinics, Singapore
- DUKE – NUS Medical School, Singapore
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Al-sheyab NA, Alomari MA, Shah S, Gallagher R. “Class smoke-free” pledge impacts on nicotine dependence in male adolescents: A cluster randomized controlled trial. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1112848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Prevalence, patterns and correlates of cigarette smoking in male adolescents in northern Jordan, and the influence of waterpipe use and asthma diagnosis: a descriptive cross-sectional study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:9008-23. [PMID: 25257355 PMCID: PMC4199003 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110909008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Our study investigates the prevalence, patterns and predictors of tobacco smoking among early adolescent males in Northern Jordan and whether asthma diagnosis affects smoking patterns. A descriptive cross sectional design was used. Males in grades 7 and 8 from four randomly selected high schools in the city of Irbid were enrolled. Data on waterpipe (WP) use and cigarette smoking patterns were obtained (n = 815) using a survey in Arabic language. The overall prevalence of ever having smoked a cigarette was 35.6%, with 86.2% of this group smoking currently. Almost half of the sample reported WP use. The most common age in which adolescents started to experiment with cigarettes was 11–12 years old (49.1%), although 10 years was also common (25.3%). Significant predictors of male cigarette smoking were WP use (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 2.99–5.76), asthma diagnosis (OR = 2.35, 95% CI = 1.46–3.78), grade 8 (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.10–2.11), and having a sibling who smokes (OR = 2.23, 95% CI = 1.53–3.24). However, this cross-sectional study cannot establish causality, thus longitudinal studies are needed. Public health programs and school-based anti-tobacco smoking interventions that target children in early years at high schools are warranted to prevent the uptake of tobacco use among this vulnerable age group. High school students with asthma should be specifically targeted.
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Tazesh B, Shaabani A, Fazlollahi MR, Entezari A, Dashti R, Pourpak Z, Moin M. Prevalence of asthma symptoms and smoking behavior among 20 - 44 years old adults in Tehran: A telephone survey. Health (London) 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2013.53064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Bae J, Park EY, Park SW. Modifying effect of suicidal ideation on the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors among Korean adolescents. J Prev Med Public Health 2011; 44:118-24. [PMID: 21617337 PMCID: PMC3249247 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2011.44.3.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Although cigarette smoking is known to be related to the exacerbation of asthma symptoms, several studies have indicated that the prevalence of cigarette smoking among asthmatic adolescents is similar to or even higher than that among non-asthmatic adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors and whether or not the presence of suicidal ideation modifies this relationship among Korean adolescents. Methods We analyzed data from the 2008 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey, which included a nationally representative sample of middle and high school students. Multiple logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals of cigarette use behaviors among current asthmatics, former asthmatics, and non-asthmatics, after adjusting for gender, grade, school records, socioeconomic status, current alcohol use, and suicidal ideation. Results Of 75 238 study participants, 3.5% were current asthmatics and 4.5% were former asthmatics. Compared with non-asthmatics, asthmatics were more likely to report current cigarette use, frequent and heavy cigarette use, and cigarette use before 13 years of age. There were statistically significant interactions between asthma and suicidal ideation in cigarette use behaviors. Conclusions This study demonstrated that asthmatic adolescents are more likely than non-asthmatic adolescents to engage in cigarette use behaviors and the presence of suicidal ideation is an effect modifier of the relationship between asthma and cigarette use behaviors. Particular attention should be paid to the awareness of health risks of cigarette smoking and mental health problems among asthmatic adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisuk Bae
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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Vignoud L, Pin I, Boudier A, Pison C, Nadif R, Le Moual N, Slama R, Makao MN, Kauffmann F, Siroux V. Smoking and asthma: disentangling their mutual influences using a longitudinal approach. Respir Med 2011; 105:1805-14. [PMID: 21873041 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between smoking and asthma remains unclear and has mostly been assessed in cross-sectional studies, with potential selection bias ("healthy smoker effect"). AIMS Using a longitudinal approach, the aims were to assess whether 1) childhood asthma modifies smoking initiation, 2) active smoking influences asthma incidence in adults and 3) active smoking among subjects with asthma influences the persistence of the disease or the 12-year evolution in lung function in children and adults. METHODS Subjects (513 children and 1190 adults) were recruited and followed-up for 12 years in the context of the EGEA study (Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma). RESULTS Childhood asthma was not associated with a decreased probability of starting active smoking (Hazard Ratio, HR = 0.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.72, 1.27). Smoking at baseline was associated with a higher risk for asthma incidence in adulthood (HR = 1.95, 95% CI: 1.00, 3.77). Among subjects with asthma, smoking was unrelated to lung function evolution; however, among children with moderate to severe asthma at inclusion, smoking tended to slow down the lung function growth (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION These findings support the hypothesis that childhood asthma does not prevent smoking initiation and confirm that active smoking has a deleterious role on asthma. Altogether this study emphasizes the importance of active smoking as a serious public health problem particularly for children and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Vignoud
- Centre de Recherche INSERM/UJF U823, Institut Albert Bonniot, BP 170, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, La Tronche, France.
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Chen Y, Mai XM. Smoking and asthma in men and women with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. J Asthma 2011; 48:490-4. [PMID: 21486195 DOI: 10.3109/02770903.2011.570404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a complex interrelationship among smoking, body weight, and asthma. It needs to be clarified whether smoking is related to an increased risk of asthma after taking into account for relative body weight. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between cigarette smoking and the prevalence of asthma in Canadian men and women with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. METHODS The analysis was based on data from 112,830 Canadians aged 18 years or more who participated in a national survey in 2007-2008. A questionnaire covered the information on prevalent asthma, smoking status, height, weight, and other factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between smoking and the prevalence of asthma stratified by sex and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS The crude prevalence of asthma was 6.6% for men and 9.3% for women. After adjustment for covariates, the odds ratios (ORs) for current smoking associated with asthma was 1.20 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.43] for men with normal weight, 0.98 (95% CI: 0.81, 1.18) for overweight men, and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.80-1.30) for obese men. For women, the corresponding adjusted ORs were 1.41 (95% CI: 1.23-1.62), 1.27 (95% CI: 1.05-1.54), and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.03-1.59), respectively. CONCLUSION Current smoking was significantly associated with prevalent asthma in all women regardless of their relative body weight. In men, however, the association was only observed in those with under- or normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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Farfel A, Tirosh A, Derazne E, Garty BZ, Afek A. Association between socioeconomic status and the prevalence of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2010; 104:490-5. [PMID: 20568381 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2010.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The finding in some recent studies that the prevalence of asthma is higher in poor populations contradicts the hygiene theory, which claims that improved quality of life removes protective factors that prevent atopy. OBJECTIVE To determine whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with the prevalence of asthma in adolescents in Israel. METHODS The study sample consisted of 159,243 consecutive 17-year-old military recruits examined in the Israel Defense Forces. Relevant medical data were collected from the army's computerized database. The SES of the recruits was assessed according to the socioeconomic grade (by quintiles) assigned to their city or town of residence by the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics and by the number of children in the family. RESULTS Asthma was documented in 8.5% of the male recruits and in 6.7% of the female recruits. The prevalence of asthma increased with an increase in socioeconomic grade, from 3.7% for the lowest quintile to 8.8% for the highest (P < .001). Separate analysis of individuals from the Tel Aviv area showed that the prevalence of asthma ranged from 3.4% to 13.7% from the lowest to the highest socioeconomic quintiles (P < .001). In Israel, having a higher number of children in the family is associated with lower SES. There was an inverse relationship between number of children in the family and the prevalence of asthma: 8.7% in families with 1 or 2 children and 1.9% in families with 9 or more children. CONCLUSIONS High SES is associated with a relatively high prevalence of asthma in adolescents in Israel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alon Farfel
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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McLeish AC, Zvolensky MJ. Asthma and cigarette smoking: a review of the empirical literature. J Asthma 2010; 47:345-61. [PMID: 20528586 DOI: 10.3109/02770900903556413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review paper is to present and evaluate the empirical literature on the association between asthma and cigarette smoking. The authors conducted a literature search utilizing electronic search engines (i.e., PsycINFO and MEDLINE) to examine databases using the following key word algorithms: smoking OR nicotine OR tobacco AND asthma. Only articles that focused on active tobacco smoking and analyzed groups with asthma patients only were examined in the present review. Overall, empirical evidence suggests that (1) smoking is more prevalent among individuals with asthma than those without; (2) smoking is a risk candidate for the development of asthma; (3) smoking is associated with decreased asthma control and increased risk of mortality and asthma attacks and exacerbations; (4) smokers with and without asthma may have different risk factors for smoking onset as well as different smoking motives and outcome expectancies; and (5) smoking cessation is associated with improvements in lung functioning and asthma symptoms. Future work in this domain of study will lead to clinically relevant health care advances as well as the development of theoretically driven, methodologically diverse lines of research exploring asthma-smoking comorbidity issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison C McLeish
- Department of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221-0376, USA.
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Semic-Jusufagic A, Custovic A. Active smoking among asthmatic youth--how concerned we need to be. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008; 2:3-4. [PMID: 18044059 PMCID: PMC2692109 DOI: 10.2147/copd.2007.2.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Shavit O, Swern A, Dong Q, Newcomb K, Sazonov Kocevar V, Taylor SD. Impact of smoking on asthma symptoms, healthcare resource use, and quality of life outcomes in adults with persistent asthma. Qual Life Res 2007; 16:1555-65. [PMID: 17917792 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-007-9267-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking habits of asthmatics are similar to those of the general population. However, little attention has been paid to the associations between smoking and asthma-related outcomes. OBJECTIVE To evaluate relationships between cigarette smoking, asthma symptoms, and asthma-related resource utilization in subjects with persistent asthma. METHOD A stratified, random sample of adults from France, Germany, and the UK with persistent asthma were surveyed in 2001 through 2004. Statistical analyses compared asthma symptoms and healthcare resource utilization for cigarette smokers compared with those for non-smokers. RESULTS Analyses included 1109 subjects with persistent asthma symptoms in 2001-2003 and 852 subjects with persistent asthma symptoms in 2004. Using multivariate analysis of data from eligible subjects in 2004 that did not have concomitant chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and adjusting for subjects' baseline and demographic characteristics, cigarette smokers were more likely to experience nighttime symptoms (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.07, 1.97 P = 0.015) and were more likely to use healthcare resources than were non-smokers (P < or = 0.004). Findings were similar in a secondary analysis of subjects < or =55 years of age. CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking appears to be associated with more asthma symptoms and more ED visits and hospitalizations in adults with persistent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oren Shavit
- School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Vázquez Nava F, Saldívar González AH, Martínez Perales G, Lin Ochoa D, Barrientos Gómez MC, Vázquez Rodríguez EM, Vázquez Rodríguez CF, Beltrán Guzmán FJ. [Associations between family history of allergy, exposure to tobacco smoke, active smoking, obesity, and asthma in adolescents]. Arch Bronconeumol 2007; 42:621-6. [PMID: 17178065 DOI: 10.1016/s1579-2129(07)60003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationships between asthma in adolescents and various environmental and social exposures needs to be clarified. The aim of this study was to determine the association between family history of allergy, passive or active tobacco smoking, obesity, and asthma in adolescents. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A population-based case-control study was carried out. A random sample of 4003 students aged 13 to 18 years old was selected from secondary and preparatory schools in an urban area in northeastern Mexico. Data was gathered in physical examinations and with a questionnaire administered by trained staff. Two study groups were formed: a group of 253 adolescents with asthma and a control group of students without asthma. RESULTS Variables associated with asthma were family history of allergy (odds ratio [OR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.28-2.06), passive smoking (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.18-1.99), and obesity (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.45-2.65). Female gender and active smoking were unrelated to asthma. The percentage of obese adolescents was higher in the group of asthmatics (18.2%) than in the control group (12.8%). CONCLUSIONS Family history of allergy, passive tobacco smoking, and obesity seem to be the main risk factors for the development of asthma in adolescents. The relationship of active smoking and asthma requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Vázquez Nava
- Departamento de Alergología e Inmunología, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Tampico, Tamaulipas, México.
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Vázquez Nava F, Saldívar González AH, Martínez Perales G, Lin Ochoa D, Barrientos Gómez MDC, Vázquez Rodríguez EM, Vázquez Rodríguez CF, Beltrán Guzmán FJ. Asociación entre atopia familiar, exposición a humo de tabaco, tabaquismo activo, obesidad y asma en adolescentes. Arch Bronconeumol 2006. [DOI: 10.1157/13095970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Morfín-Maciel B, Barragán-Meijueiro MDLM, Nava-Ocampo AA. Individual and family household smoking habits as risk factors for wheezing among adolescents. Prev Med 2006; 43:98-100. [PMID: 16712911 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2005] [Revised: 03/30/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to evaluate the household smoking habits as risk factors for wheezing in adolescents. METHODS During a 2-month period, the study was performed by applying the standardized ISAAC phase 1 questionnaire to 3474 adolescents attending a random sample of secondary public schools located at the southeast of Mexico City. Adolescents were grouped as "cases" if they had at least one episode of wheezing in the year prior to the study, or as "controls" if they did not. Positive individual and family (father, mother or other persons living in the home) smoking habits at home were evaluated as potential risk factors. RESULTS More than 98% of respondents in the two groups reported that the father smoked in the house. More mothers who smoked were reported among cases than controls (OR 2.42; 95% CI 1.60-3.68). More adolescents in the group of cases had history of ever having rhinitis, rash or wheezing. Fifty-four percent of adolescents in the group of cases had ever smoked versus 38.8% of controls (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.33-2.67). Sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis identified a "protective" role for wheezing when the number of smokers at home was < or =2 (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.27-0.71). CONCLUSION Individual, maternal and other family members' indoor smoking habits may increase the risk of wheezing among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Morfín-Maciel
- Hospital Mocel, Gelati #29-304, San Miguel Chapultepec, México DF 11850, México.
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Klaz I, Kochba I, Shohat T, Zarka S, Brenner S. Severe Acne Vulgaris and Tobacco Smoking in Young Men. J Invest Dermatol 2006; 126:1749-52. [PMID: 16645586 DOI: 10.1038/sj.jid.5700326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As the relationship between tobacco smoking and acne remains unclear, we examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and severe acne in a large cohort of young men. Trained nurses interviewed subjects upon discharge from compulsory military service, regarding family history, habits, and tobacco smoking habits. Data was correlated with severe acne status, as diagnosed and coded by board-certified dermatologists. In total, 27,083 male subjects participated in the study from 1983 to 2003, of which 237 (0.88%) had severe acne, 11,718 (43.27%) were active smokers, and 15,365 (56.73%) were nonsmokers at the time of interviews. Active smokers showed a significantly lower prevalence of severe acne (0.71%) than nonsmokers (1.01%) (P = 0.0078). An inverse dose-dependent relationship between severe acne prevalence and daily cigarette consumption became significant from 21 cigarettes a day (chi2 and trend test: P < 0.0001), odds ratio: 0.2 (95% CI: 0.06-0.63). The study did not aim to establish a temporal correlation, and passive smoking and acne treatments were not measured. Previous in vitro and clinical studies strongly support an association with nicotine. We suggest a trial with topical nicotine treatment for acne to further investigate this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itay Klaz
- Medical Corps, Israel Defense Forces, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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