Effect of different ventilation modes with FC-77 on pulmonary inflammatory reaction in piglets after cardiopulmonary bypass

Preparation of inclusion complex of perfluorocarbon compound with β-cyclodextrin for ultrasound contrast agent

A novel FC-77/β-CD inclusion complex was prepared and used as a ultrasound imaging contract to enhance the ultrasonic echo signal.

Managing the inflammatory response after cardiopulmonary bypass: review of the studies in animal models

Objective

To review studies performed in animal models that evaluated therapeutic interventions to inflammatory response and microcirculatory changes after cardiopulmonary bypass.

Methods

It was used the search strategy ("Cardiopulmonary Bypass" ^(MeSH)) and ("Microcirculation" ^(MeSH) or "Inflammation" ^(MeSH) or "Inflammation Mediators" ^(MeSH)). Repeated results, human studies, non-English language articles, reviews and studies without control were excluded.

Results

Blood filters, system miniaturization, specific primers regional perfusion, adequate flow and temperature and pharmacological therapies with anticoagulants, vasoactive drugs and anti-inflammatories reduced changes in microcirculation and inflammatory response.

Conclusion

Demonstrated efficacy in animal models establishes a perspective for evaluating these interventions in clinical practice.

Effect of perfluorohexane on the expression of cellular adhesion molecules and surfactant protein A in human mesothelial cells in vitro

The intraperitoneal instillation of perfluorocarbons augmented systemic oxygenation and was protective in mesenteric ischemia-reperfusion and experimental lung injury. To study biocompatibility and potential anti-inflammatory effects of intraperitoneal perfluorocarbons, we evaluated the influence of perfluorohexane and/or inflammatory stimuli on human mesothelial cells in vitro. Perfluorohexane exposure neither impaired cell viability nor induced cellular activation. TNFα enhanced ICAM-1 expression, which was not attenuated by simultaneous perfluorohexane treatment. Concentration of intracellular surfactant protein A tended to be higher in perfluorohexane treated cells compared to controls. Our in vitro data add further evidence that intraperitoneal perfluorocarbon application is feasible without adverse local effects.

Leukocyte antibacterial functions are not impaired by perfluorocarbon exposure in vitro

Application of liquid, aerosolized, and vaporized perfluorocarbons (PFC) in acute lung injury has shown anti-inflammatory effects. Although this may be beneficial in states of pulmonary hyperinflammation, it also could increase susceptibility to nosocomial lung infection. We hypothesized that PFC impair cellular host defense and therefore investigated in an in vitro model the influence of perfluorohexane (PFH) on crucial mechanisms of bacterial elimination in human neutrophils and monocytes. Using scanning and transmission electron microscopy, we could show membrane-bound and ingested PFH particles that morphologically did not alter adherence and phagocytosis of Escherichia coli or leukocyte viability. The amount of adherent and phagocytosed bacteria as determined by flow cytometry was not influenced in cells only pretreated with PFH for 1 and 4 h. When PFH was present during E. coli challenge, bacterial adherence was decreased in polymorphonuclear neutrophils, but respective intracellular uptake was not impaired and was even significantly promoted in monocytes. Overall, E. coli-induced respiratory burst capacity was not reduced by PFH. Our findings provide evidence that key functions of innate host defense are not compromised by PFH treatment in vitro.