1
|
Sekarski L, White AJ, Amba KT. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia diagnosis: A case report. J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:106-110. [PMID: 38492257 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This case report presents a 13-year-old patient with a lung nodule identified on a chest radiograph in the emergency department during an evaluation of knee and side pain after a fall. The patient had nosebleeds, family history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) and after chest computed tomography with angiography, the nodule was defined as a single pulmonary arteriovenous malformation (PAVM). Neither parent nor patient had been evaluated for HHT, an autosomal dominant disease, despite the family history. This patient satisfied the clinical criteria for the diagnosis and had a confirmatory genetic test, which led to diagnosis in mother also. The patient's PAVMs were treated, decreasing the risk of life threatening complications. Diagnosing HHT in children is often delayed or missed, even in families with HHT, as in this case report. Without any physical signs or clinical symptoms, families and healthcare providers often dismiss the possibility of the diagnosis. Children with HHT are at the same risk for complications of stroke, anemia, hypoxemia, heart failure and increased morbidity as adults. It is essential to recognize the importance of family history when evaluating children in primary care and urgent settings, as this patient's diagnosis was delayed 13 years. Awareness of HHT signs and symptoms are essential to early referral to an HHT specialist, for diagnosis and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Sekarski
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, 1465 S. Grand Blvd., St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Andrew J White
- St. Louis University School of Medicine, 1402 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Katheryne Tifuh Amba
- SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital, 1465 S. Grand Blvd., St Louis, MO, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Craveiro Costa R, Schrempp Esteves C, Marques I, Castro Faria H. Complex pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in a boy aged 18 months. An Pediatr (Barc) 2024; 100:299-300. [PMID: 38458853 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Craveiro Costa
- Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Unidade Local de Saúde de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centro del Niño y el Adolescente, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | | | - Inês Marques
- Centro del Niño y el Adolescente, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo Castro Faria
- Centro del Niño y el Adolescente, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal; Unidad de Cuidados Intermedios Pediátricos y del Adolescente, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Lisboa, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balfour-Lynn IM. Haemoptysis: is it really from the lungs? The well child who spits out blood. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:879-883. [PMID: 36990647 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Blood appearing in a previously well child's mouth may have many sources, and it should not be assumed to be haemoptysis, that is, coming from the respiratory tract below the larynx. In addition to the lungs and lower airways, consider also the upper airways, the mouth, gastrointestinal tract and cardiovascular conditions. This article discusses the differential diagnosis and appropriate investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Balfour-Lynn
- Department of Paediatric Respiratory Medicine, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jargielo A, Rycyk A, Kasztelan-Szczerbinska B, Cichoz-Lach H. A Rare Case of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Osler-Weber-Rendu Syndrome. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:333. [PMID: 35334510 PMCID: PMC8951266 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Osler-Weber-Rendu disease, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), is a rare, autosomal dominant condition that affects approximately 1 in 5000 patients causing abnormal blood vessel formation. HHT patients have mucocutaneous telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations in various organs. The most prominent symptom of HHT is epistaxis, which, together with gastrointestinal bleeding, may cause iron deficiency anemia. This study is a case report of a 62-year-old patient who was admitted to the Department of Gastroenterology due to acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and a history of recurrent epistaxis and melena for 4 days, which was confirmed in digital rectal examination. Urgent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed active bleeding from multiple angioectatic spots with bright-looking salmon-colored patches in the antrum and the body suggestive of HHT. The bleeding from two angioectatic spots was stopped by argon plasma coagulation, and four clips were placed to provide good hemostasis. The patient was treated with a proton pomp inhibitor infusion and iron infusion. She was discharged with no signs of GI bleeding, normalized iron levels and a diagnosis of HHT. She was referred to further genetic testing, including evaluation of first-degree relatives. She also had performed unenhanced thin-cut computed tomography (CT) with angiography to exclude the presence of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs). Due to the fact that the patient did not manifest any other HHT-related symptoms and that the instrumental screening discloses no silent AVMs in other organs, the "watch-and-wait strategy" was applied. Although, Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome is widely described in the medical literature, effective treatment of gastrointestinal telangiectasias is not always available and still lacks standardization to date, which makes the management of gastroenterological involvement still a challenging issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jargielo
- Banacha Campus, Medical University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 61 St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Rycyk
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (B.K.-S.); (H.C.-L.)
| | - Beata Kasztelan-Szczerbinska
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (B.K.-S.); (H.C.-L.)
| | - Halina Cichoz-Lach
- Department of Gastroenterology with Endoscopy Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8 St., 20-954 Lublin, Poland; (B.K.-S.); (H.C.-L.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kolarich AR, Solomon AJ, Bailey C, Latif MA, Rowan NR, Galiatsatos P, Weiss CR. Imaging Manifestations and Interventional Treatments for Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Radiographics 2021; 41:2157-2175. [PMID: 34723698 DOI: 10.1148/rg.2021210100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia (HHT) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder that causes multisystem vascular malformations including mucocutaneous telangiectasias and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Clinical and genetic screening of patients with signs, symptoms, or a family history suggestive of HHT is recommended to confirm the diagnosis on the basis of the Curaçao criteria and prevent associated complications. Patients with HHT frequently have epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding from telangiectasias. Pulmonary AVMs are common right-to-left shunts between pulmonary arteries and veins that can result in dyspnea and exercise intolerance, heart failure, migraine headaches, stroke or transient ischemic attacks, brain abscesses, or in rare cases, pulmonary hemorrhage. Primary neurologic complications from cerebral AVMs, which can take on many forms, are less common but particularly severe complications of HHT. Multimodality imaging, including transthoracic echocardiography, Doppler US, CT, and MRI, is used in the screening and initial characterization of vascular lesions in patients with HHT. Diagnostic angiography is an important tool in characterization of and interventional treatments for HHT, particularly those in the lungs and central nervous system. A multidisciplinary approach to early diagnosis, treatment, imaging, and surveillance at high-volume HHT Centers of Excellence is recommended. Although a variety of idiopathic, traumatic, or genetic conditions can result in similar clinical and imaging features, the Curaçao criteria are particularly useful for the proper diagnosis of HHT. Imaging and treatment options are reviewed, with a focus on screening, diagnosis, and posttreatment findings, with the use of updated international guidelines. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2021.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Kolarich
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.R.K., A.J.S., C.B., M.A.L., C.R.W.), Department of Otolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery (N.R.R.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology (P.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Alex J Solomon
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.R.K., A.J.S., C.B., M.A.L., C.R.W.), Department of Otolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery (N.R.R.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology (P.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Christopher Bailey
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.R.K., A.J.S., C.B., M.A.L., C.R.W.), Department of Otolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery (N.R.R.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology (P.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Muhammad Aamir Latif
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.R.K., A.J.S., C.B., M.A.L., C.R.W.), Department of Otolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery (N.R.R.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology (P.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Nicholas R Rowan
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.R.K., A.J.S., C.B., M.A.L., C.R.W.), Department of Otolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery (N.R.R.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology (P.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Panagis Galiatsatos
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.R.K., A.J.S., C.B., M.A.L., C.R.W.), Department of Otolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery (N.R.R.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology (P.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- From the Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science (A.R.K., A.J.S., C.B., M.A.L., C.R.W.), Department of Otolarygology-Head and Neck Surgery (N.R.R.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonology (P.G.), The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Sheikh Zayed Tower, Baltimore, MD 21287
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xiang Q, Jiang C, Wen J, Deng B. Unusual presentation of brain abscess in a 23-month-old infant. Childs Nerv Syst 2021; 37:305-309. [PMID: 32382865 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04623-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Pediatric brain abscesses usually occur as a consequence of predisposing conditions, such as ENT (ear, nose, and throat) infection and physical damage. But there are still a number of cryptogenic infection cases. METHODS We present an unusual cryptogenic infection case of multiple and multiloculated brain abscess in an infant, which was in the absence of ENT infection, meningitis, trauma, prior surgery, cyanotic heart disease, or immune defect. The child has no specific symptoms but keeping apathic and days of diarrhea. Deduced from clinical presentation and this case's DWI-MRI features, the onset of infection is hematogenous route, and the diarrhea could be the possible inducement. The child was successfully treated by surgical excision of big lesions and an 8-week total course of intravenous antibiotics. At the end of the 1-year follow-up period, the infant is well at both of physical and mental health. CONCLUSION The interest of this case is the silent clinical presentation and the possibly rare precipitating factor. To a certain extent, the variation trend of blood C-reactive protein level could predict the clinical effect of antibiotics in brain abscess case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyong Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, barkam, China
| | - Chonggui Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Jiangzhi Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, barkam, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture People's Hospital, barkam, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Faughnan ME, Mager JJ, Hetts SW, Palda VA, Lang-Robertson K, Buscarini E, Deslandres E, Kasthuri RS, Lausman A, Poetker D, Ratjen F, Chesnutt MS, Clancy M, Whitehead KJ, Al-Samkari H, Chakinala M, Conrad M, Cortes D, Crocione C, Darling J, de Gussem E, Derksen C, Dupuis-Girod S, Foy P, Geisthoff U, Gossage JR, Hammill A, Heimdal K, Henderson K, Iyer VN, Kjeldsen AD, Komiyama M, Korenblatt K, McDonald J, McMahon J, McWilliams J, Meek ME, Mei-Zahav M, Olitsky S, Palmer S, Pantalone R, Piccirillo JF, Plahn B, Porteous MEM, Post MC, Radovanovic I, Rochon PJ, Rodriguez-Lopez J, Sabba C, Serra M, Shovlin C, Sprecher D, White AJ, Winship I, Zarrabeitia R. Second International Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. Ann Intern Med 2020; 173:989-1001. [PMID: 32894695 DOI: 10.7326/m20-1443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
DESCRIPTION Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant disease with an estimated prevalence of 1 in 5000 that is characterized by the presence of vascular malformations (VMs). These result in chronic bleeding, acute hemorrhage, and complications from shunting through VMs. The goal of the Second International HHT Guidelines process was to develop evidence-based consensus guidelines for the management and prevention of HHT-related symptoms and complications. METHODS The guidelines were developed using the AGREE II (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II) framework and GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology. The guidelines expert panel included expert physicians (clinical and genetic) in HHT from 15 countries, guidelines methodologists, health care workers, health care administrators, patient advocacy representatives, and persons with HHT. During the preconference process, the expert panel generated clinically relevant questions in 6 priority topic areas. A systematic literature search was done in June 2019, and articles meeting a priori criteria were included to generate evidence tables, which were used as the basis for recommendation development. The expert panel subsequently convened during a guidelines conference to conduct a structured consensus process, during which recommendations reaching at least 80% consensus were discussed and approved. RECOMMENDATIONS The expert panel generated and approved 6 new recommendations for each of the following 6 priority topic areas: epistaxis, gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia and iron deficiency, liver VMs, pediatric care, and pregnancy and delivery (36 total). The recommendations highlight new evidence in existing topics from the first International HHT Guidelines and provide guidance in 3 new areas: anemia, pediatrics, and pregnancy and delivery. These recommendations should facilitate implementation of key components of HHT care into clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Faughnan
- St. Michael's Hospital, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (M.E.F.)
| | | | - Steven W Hetts
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.W.H., M.C.)
| | | | | | | | - Erik Deslandres
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Hôtel-Dieu, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (E.D.)
| | - Raj S Kasthuri
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.K., J.D.)
| | - Andrea Lausman
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.L., R.P.)
| | - David Poetker
- Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (D.P., P.F.)
| | - Felix Ratjen
- The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (F.R.)
| | - Mark S Chesnutt
- VA Portland Health Care System and Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon (M.S.C.)
| | | | - Kevin J Whitehead
- University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (K.J.W., J.M.)
| | - Hanny Al-Samkari
- Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (H.A.)
| | - Murali Chakinala
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.C., K.K., J.F.P., A.J.W.)
| | - Miles Conrad
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California (S.W.H., M.C.)
| | - Daniel Cortes
- St. Michael's Hospital and Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, Canada (D.C.)
| | | | - Jama Darling
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina (R.S.K., J.D.)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Foy
- Froedtert and Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin (D.P., P.F.)
| | - Urban Geisthoff
- University Hospital of Marburg and Phillips University Marburg, Marburg, Germany (U.G.)
| | | | - Adrienne Hammill
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio (A.H.)
| | - Ketil Heimdal
- Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway (K.H.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Korenblatt
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.C., K.K., J.F.P., A.J.W.)
| | - Jamie McDonald
- University of Utah Medical Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (K.J.W., J.M.)
| | | | - Justin McWilliams
- University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California (J.M.)
| | - Mary E Meek
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas (M.E.M.)
| | - Meir Mei-Zahav
- Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel and Sackler School of Medicine of Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel (M.M.)
| | | | | | - Rose Pantalone
- St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.L., R.P.)
| | - Jay F Piccirillo
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.C., K.K., J.F.P., A.J.W.)
| | | | | | - Marco C Post
- St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands (M.C.P.)
| | - Ivan Radovanovic
- Toronto Western Hospital and University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (I.R.)
| | - Paul J Rochon
- University of Colorado Hospital, Aurora, Colorado (P.J.R.)
| | | | | | - Marcelo Serra
- Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina (M.S.)
| | | | | | - Andrew J White
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri (M.C., K.K., J.F.P., A.J.W.)
| | - Ingrid Winship
- Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (I.W.)
| | - Roberto Zarrabeitia
- Hospital Sierrallana (Servicio Cántabro de Salud), Torrelavega, Spain (R.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Healthcare Utilization and Costs associated with Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Patients in a Large US Claims Database. Mayo Clin Proc Innov Qual Outcomes 2020; 5:55-64. [PMID: 33718784 PMCID: PMC7930864 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocpiqo.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the health care costs and utilization in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) in the United States. Patients and Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with HHT diagnosed between 2007 and 2017 was performed using deidentified administrative claims data from the OptumLabs Data Warehouse. Adult patients with new (incident) diagnosis of HHT between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2017, were included. Comparisons were made using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results Three thousand nine hundred seventy-seven patients with a first diagnosis of HHT between 2007 and 2017 were identified, of which 3590 were matched 1:1 to non-HHT patients with similar baseline characteristics and comorbidities. These 3590 patients with HHT were 63.1% female and 83.9% white with a mean age of 51.1 ± 18.5 years, and a mean follow-up period of 3.2 ± 2.2 years (range, 1.0-11.7 years). Compared with the control group, the cumulative 5-year median total health care cost for patients with HHT was 41.4% higher ($21,118 vs $14,929; P < .001) in those with private commercial insurance and 31.7% higher ($35,462 vs $26,925; P < .001) in those with Medicare Advantage coverage. The median annual health care costs were significantly higher in patients with HHT with commercial insurance and Medicare Advantage in the first year after diagnosis ($4,333 vs $1,804; P < .001), and ($7,322 vs $5,245; P < .001), respectively, and remained higher throughout the duration of follow-up. Further analysis showed that outpatient clinic visits, hospital admission, imaging rates, invasive procedures, iron infusions, and blood transfusions were all significantly higher in the HHT group. Conclusion Patients with HHT have significantly higher health care costs compared with a matched control group. A better understanding of the reasons underlying these cost differences will provide opportunities for patients, providers, and other stakeholders to better manage this rare condition.
Collapse
|
9
|
England RW, Weiss CR. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation in a pediatric patient with epistaxis and hypoxemia. Radiol Case Rep 2020; 15:1759-1763. [PMID: 32774576 PMCID: PMC7403889 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT; also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome) is an inherited vascular disorder with a spectrum of clinical manifestations depending on lesion distribution. Epistaxis, mucocutaneous telangiectasia, and gastrointestinal bleeding are most common. Patients with pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are at serious risk of cerebral embolic stroke and abscess due to paradoxical embolism, indicating the need for early diagnosis and intervention. Herein, we report a 14-year-old boy who presented to his pediatrician's office with hypoxemia and personal history of epistaxis, family history of HHT, and radiologic workup demonstrating pulmonary and cerebral arteriovenous malformations. He was diagnosed with HHT and treated by endovascular embolization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan W England
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed Tower 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans Street, Zayed Tower 7203, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu J, Yang J, Tang X, Li H, Shen Y, Gu W, Zhao S. Homozygous GDF2-Related Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia in a Chinese Family. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2019-1970. [PMID: 32669404 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) can be clinically diagnosed, but children often lack characteristic features. We report a family with homozygous growth differentiation factor 2 (GDF2)-related HHT diagnosed by genetic testing. A boy aged 5 years and 2 months presented with isolated hypoxemia. He was the product of a consanguineous marriage; his parents were second cousins. Physical examination revealed cyanosis of nail beds and clubbed fingers. Pulse oxygen saturation was 84% to 89%. Lung function, contrast-enhanced lung computed tomography, and noncontrast echocardiography were normal. A pulmonary perfusion scan revealed radioactivity in the brain and bilateral kidney, suggesting the existence of a intrapulmonary shunt. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a homozygous variant [c.1060_1062delinsAG (p.Tyr354ArgfsTer15)] in GDF2, which was found to be inherited from his heterozygous parents. At the age of 8 years, he developed epistaxis, and an angiogram revealed diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. At the age of 9 years, he was treated with sirolimus, and his condition improved significantly. However, his now 7-year-old sister with the same homozygous variant currently has no symptoms. Physical examinations revealed 1 pinpoint-sized telangiectasia on the chest of his mother and a vascular lesion on the forehead of his sister. Additionally, the patient's father and great-uncle had a history of mild to moderate epistaxis. Mutation in GDF2 is a rare cause of HHT. Ours is the first report of homozygous GDF2-related HHT; in addition, this variant has not been reported previously. In our report, we also confirm variable expressivity, even with the same pathogenic variant in GDF2-related HHT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health and Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jigang Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital and Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China; and
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health and Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health and Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China;
| | - Yuelin Shen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health and Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyue Gu
- Data and Analysis Center for Genetic Diseases, Beijing Chigene Translational Medicine Research Center Co, Ltd, Tongzhou District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunying Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Beijing Children's Hospital, National Center for Children's Health and Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, People's Republic of China;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Girit S, Senol E, Karatas Ö, Yıldırım Aİ. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Respir Med Case Rep 2020; 30:101137. [PMID: 32637308 PMCID: PMC7327237 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2020.101137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVM) are generally congenital lesions caused by abnormal capillary development. Lesions can be in the form of isolated anomaly or as part of autosomal dominantly inherited hereditary hemorrhagic telengiectasia (HHT). HHT is the most common hereditary vascular disease characterized by mocucutaneuos telengiectasia and visceral arteriovenous malformations. PAVMs can be asymptomatic or can present with effort dyspnea, palpitations and fatigue especially in cases with HHT. Herein, we present a 13 year-old girl diagnosed with PAVM with polycythemia, clubbing, cyanosis and radiological features; and had accompanying history of epistaxis in family and telengiectasia in oral mucosa as parts of HHT. She was treated by endovascular embolization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saniye Girit
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Senol
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Health Sciences Medical School Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Karatas
- Department of Pediatrics. University of Health Sciences Medical School Dr. Lutfi Kırdar Kartal Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşe İnci Yıldırım
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology. University of Health Sciences Medical School Kartal Kosuyolu High Speciality Educational and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
CT Angiography Findings of Pulmonary Arteriovenous Malformations in Children and Young Adults With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 214:1369-1376. [DOI: 10.2214/ajr.19.22012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
13
|
Mameli C, Genoni T, Madia C, Doneda C, Penagini F, Zuccotti G. Brain abscess in pediatric age: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2019; 35:1117-1128. [PMID: 31062139 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-019-04182-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the paper is to examine the current state of the art about epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of this infection. METHODS A review of the literature was performed through a PubMed search of original articles, case reports, and reviews using the key words "brain abscess," "cerebral abscess," "brain infection," "intracranial suppuration," "otogenic brain abscess," "otitis complications," and "sinusitis complications." RESULTS Pediatric brain abscess is a rare but serious infection, often involving patients with specific risk factors and burdened by a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Brain abscess incidence and mortality decreased over the years, thanks to improved antibiotic therapy, new neurosurgical techniques, and the wide spread of vaccinations. There are no guidelines for the adequate diagnostic-therapeutic pathway in the management of brain abscesses; therefore, conflicting data emerge from the literature. In the future, multicentric prospective studies should be performed in order to obtain stronger evidences about brain abscesses management. Over the next few years, changes in epidemiology could be observed because of risk factors changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Teresa Genoni
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Madia
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Doneda
- Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Children Hospital V. Buzzi, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Penagini
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, V. Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tellapuri S, Park HS, Kalva SP. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 35:1421-1428. [PMID: 30386957 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-018-1479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, a condition most commonly associated with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia, is an abnormal communication between the pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein without an intervening capillary communication. Although asymptomatic in ~ 50% individuals, it can present with the dreaded complications of stroke or intracranial abscess in high-risk individuals including pregnant women, if untreated. The mainstay of treatment is now endovascular embolization of the feeding artery which can alleviate the symptoms and prevent these complications. In this review, we describe the pathophysiology, methods of screening, diagnostic workup and treatment of these vascular lesions with a particular focus on the currently used embolization techniques and their outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sreeshma Tellapuri
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
| | - Harold S Park
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sanjeeva P Kalva
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Gower WA, Birnkrant DJ, Black JB, Nicolai T, Noah TL. Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2017: Part 1. Pediatr Pulmonol 2018; 53:1582-1586. [PMID: 29790678 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.24036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric Pulmonology publishes original research, case reports and review articles on topics related to a wide range of children's respiratory disorders. In this article (Part 1 of a series), we summarize the past year's publications in our major topic areas, as well as selected literature in these areas from other journals. In Part 1, we review selected articles on diagnostic testing/endoscopy, respiratory complications of neuromuscular disorders, and rare lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William A Gower
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - David J Birnkrant
- MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jane B Black
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Terry L Noah
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mowers KL, Sekarski L, White AJ, Grady RM. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in children with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia: a longitudinal study. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018786696. [PMID: 29916764 PMCID: PMC6055266 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018786696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) often occur in children with
hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). A 14-year longitudinal study of
PAVMs in children with HHT was undertaken to assess the prevalence, the clinical
impact, and progression of these malformations. This was a retrospective,
single-center study from May 2002 to December 2016 of 129 children with HHT
diagnosed using Curacao criteria and/or confirmed by genetic testing.
Transthoracic contrast echocardiography (TTCE) was the primary screening
modality in all patients and PAVMs were diagnosed based on Barzilai criteria.
Moderately positive TTCE (Barzilai criteria ≥ 2) was confirmed with subsequent
contrast chest CT. New PAVMs were diagnosed with a positive TTCE after an
initial negative TTCE. Embolization of PAVMs were performed according to HHT
consensus guidelines. Of 129 children with HHT, 76 (59%) were found to have
PAVMs. Sixty-seven (88%) were positive for PAVMs on initial screening. Of 63
children without PAVMs on initial screening, 31 were followed for >1 year.
Nine of the 31 (29%) developed new PAVMs after initial negative study.
Thirty-eight (50%) of the total 76 children with PAVMs had or developed lesions
large enough to be treated with embolization. Nine patients with PAVMs initially
too small to be treated with embolization, developed progression of disease and
ultimately were treated with embolization over time. The majority, 60% (23/38),
of the children with large PAVMs had no related clinical symptoms. After
embolization, 21% (8/38), of patients underwent repeat interventions. Genetic
diagnosis, age, and gender were not associated with risk of having PAVM nor with
need for repeat interventions. Nearly 60% of children with HHT develop PAVMs.
The risk for new PAVMs to develop, small PAVMs to become large, and previously
embolized PAVMs to require further intervention remains throughout childhood.
Thus, children with HHT require continued follow-up until adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katie L Mowers
- Edward Mallinkrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lynn Sekarski
- Edward Mallinkrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew J White
- Edward Mallinkrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R Mark Grady
- Edward Mallinkrodt Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|