Asthma mortality among Mexican children: Rural and urban comparison and trends, 1999-2016

Asthma mortality among children and adolescents in China, 2008-2018

BACKGROUND

Asthma mortality among children and adolescents at the national level in China was unreported. The aim of this study was to analyze the mortality of asthma among children and adolescents in China using a nationally representative database.

METHODS

This was a descriptive study using data from the Disease Surveillance Points (DSPs) system. All asthma-related deaths among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years occurring in DSPs across China from 2008 to 2018 were included. Multilevel Poisson regression models were used to compute the total, age-, gender-, region- and residence-specific asthma mortality rates and to investigate the significance of trends and factors associated with asthma mortality. Data from the National Bureau of Statistics were used to estimate the national asthma deaths.

RESULTS

Total asthma mortality rate among Chinese children and adolescents fluctuated between 0.020 (0.009, 0.045) and 0.059 (0.025, 0.137) per 100,000 and showed an overall downward trend (RR, 0.909; 95% CI 0.854-0.968) during the study period (2008-2018). Asthma mortality rate was higher in the western China (RR 2.356, 95% CI 1.513, 3.669) and varied over a ninefold range among DSPs in China. The estimated number of deaths decreased by 51.38% from 2008 (n = 148; 95% CI 58,379) to 2018 (n = 71; 95% CI 34, 109).

CONCLUSIONS

Asthma mortality rate among children and adolescents in China was at a low level compared to rates worldwide and decreased significantly from 2008 to 2018. Compared with most countries in the world, the number of asthma deaths was higher in China.

Trends in hospital admissions and mortality rates for asthma in Ecuador: a joinpoint regression analysis of data from 2000 to 2018

BACKGROUND

Although asthma has emerged as an important public health problem over recent decades in Latin America, there are limited published data on national hospital admission and mortality rates for asthma from countries in the region.

OBJECTIVE

To analyse trends in asthma hospitalisation and mortality rates in Ecuador over a 19-year period from 2000 to 2018.

METHODS

Hospital discharge and death certificates listing asthma, as defined in the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes (J45 and J46), were used to analyse time trends in rates of hospital admissions and mortality for asthma. The data were obtained from the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census. Crude and age-standardised rates were estimated for the entire population. Additionally, specific rates by sex, age and region were estimated. We used joinpoint analysis to identify national trends.

RESULT

During 2000-2018, a total of 58 250 hospitalisations and 1328 deaths due to asthma were identified. The average annual rates for hospitalisation and mortality attributed to asthma were estimated to be 21 (95% CI 19.3 to 22.8) and 5.2 (95% CI 4.4 to 6.0) per 100 000 population, respectively, over this period. Asthma hospital admissions decreased from 28 to 13.7 per 100 000 population between 2000 and 2018, and asthma mortality decreased from 0.8 to 0.3 per 100 000 population over the same period. Based on jointpoint analysis, two temporal trends were identified for hospital admissions. Between 2000 and 2011, hospital admissions decreased 0.8% per year and between 2011 and 2018 decreased 6.6% per year (p<0.05). On average, hospitalisation rates decreased 3.1% per year (p<0.05) over the entire study period. Mortality rate decreased 5.6% per year (p<0.05) over the 19-year period. Hospitalisation rates were higher among females, those aged 5 to 19 years and those living in the Coast region.

CONCLUSIONS

Our analysis shows a temporal trend of reduction in rates of hospitalisations and deaths attributed to asthma between 2000 and 2018 in Ecuador, consistent with similar trends elsewhere in the Latin American region. Health registration systems in Latin America need to be improved to provide reliable data for future between and within country comparisons of trends in asthma hospitalisations and deaths.